1 PET 1:1 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: light-green:nominative/subject, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the elect exiles of the dispersion of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

UST I am Peter, whom Jesus the Messiah sent to represent him. I am writing this letter to you whom God has chosen to belong to himself. I am writing to you who are temporarily living in the provinces of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, far away from your true home in heaven.

BSB Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ,
§ To [the] elect who are exiles of [the] Dispersion [throughout] Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, [chosen][fn]

1:1 Literally To the elect sojourners of the Diaspora of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. These provinces were located in what is now Turkey.

MSB Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ,
§ To [the] elect who are exiles of [the] Dispersion [throughout] Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, [chosen][fn]

1:1 Literally To the elect sojourners of the Diaspora of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. These provinces were located in what is now Turkey.

BLB Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To the elect sojourners of the dispersion of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

AICNT Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ,[fn] to the elect sojourners of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

1:1, Christ: The Greek word for Christ means (1) fulfiller of Israelite expectation of a deliverer, the Anointed One, the Messiah, the Christ, (2) the personal name ascribed to Jesus, Christ. (BDAG, Χριστός)

OEB To the people of God who are living abroad, dispersed throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Roman Asia, and Bithynia,

WEBBE Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ,[fn] to the chosen ones who are living as foreigners in the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

1:1 “Christ” means “Anointed One”.

WMBB Peter, an emissary of Yeshua the Messiah,[fn] to the chosen ones who are living as foreigners in the Diaspora in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

1:1 “Messiah” means “Anointed One”.

NET From Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to those temporarily residing abroad (in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, the province of Asia, and Bithynia) who are chosen

LSV Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the chosen sojourners of the dispersion of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

FBV This letter comes from Peter, apostle of Jesus Christ, and is sent to God's chosen people: exiles scattered throughout the provinces of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia.

TCNT Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the sojourners scattered abroad in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, chosen

T4T I, Peter, who have been appointed by Jesus Christ {one whom Jesus Christ has appointed} to be an apostle, am writing this letter to you believers whom God has chosen to belong to him. You are living in the Roman provinces of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. Just like the Jews who lived in Israel long ago were scattered to other countries far from their homes [MET], you now live far from heaven, which is your true home.

LEB Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the chosen[fn] who are residing temporarily in the dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

1:1 Or “elect”

BBE Peter, an Apostle of Jesus Christ, to the saints who are living in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

Moff Peter an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the exiles of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

Wymth Peter, an Apostle of Jesus Christ: To God's own people scattered over the earth, who are living as foreigners in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Roman Asia, and Bithynia,

ASV Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the elect who are sojourners of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

DRA Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers dispersed through Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, elect,

YLT Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the choice sojourners of the dispersion of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

Drby Peter, apostle of Jesus Christ, to [the] sojourners of [the] dispersion of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

RV Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the elect who are sojourners of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

SLT Peter, sent of Jesus Christ, to the chosen strangers of the dispersion of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

Wbstr Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

KJB-1769 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,

KJB-1611 ¶ Peter an Apostle of Iesus Christ, to the strangers scattred thorowout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation and punctuation)

Bshps Peter, an Apostle of Iesus Christ, to them that dwell here and there as straungers, throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia:
(Peter, an Apostle of Yesus/Yeshua Christ, to them that dwell here and there as strangers, throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia:)

Gnva PETER an Apostle of IESVS CHRIST, to the strangers that dwell here and there throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia,
(PETER an Apostle of YESUS CHRIST, to the strangers that dwell here and there throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, )

Cvdl Peter an Apostle of Iesu Christ, to the that dwell here and there as straungers thorow out Pontus, Galacia, Capadocia, Asia and Bithinia, electe
(Peter an Apostle of Yesu Christ, to the that dwell here and there as strangers throughout Pontus, Galacia, Capadocia, Asia and Bithinia, electe)

TNT Peter an Apostle of Iesu Christ to them that dwell here and there as straungers thorowout Pontus Galacia Capadocia Asia and Bethinia
(Peter an Apostle of Yesu Christ to them that dwell here and there as strangers throughout Pontus Galacia Capadocia Asia and Bethinia )

Wycl Petre, apostle of Jhesu Crist, to the chosun men, to the comelingis of scateryng abrood, of Ponte, of Galathie, of Capadosie,
(Petre, apostle of Yhesu Christ, to the chosen men, to the strangeris of scatering abroad, of Ponte, of Galathie, of Capadosie,)

Luth Petrus, ein Apostel JEsu Christi: Den erwählten Fremdlingen hin und her in Pontus, Galatien, Kappadozien, Asien und Bithynien,
(Peter, a apostles Yesu Christi: The chosenn strangers there/therefore and her in Pontus, Galatien, Kappadozien, Asien and Bithynien,)

ClVg Petrus Apostolus Jesu Christi, electis advenis dispersionis Ponti, Galatiæ, Cappadociæ, Asiæ, et Bithyniæ,[fn]
(Peter Apostolus Yesu Christi, chosen_(ones) newcomer dispersedonis Ponti, Galatiæ, Cappadociæ, Asiæ, and Bithyniæ, )

1.1 Argumentum Discipulos Salvatoris invicti, toto orbe diffusos et peregrinos in hoc sæculo monstrat, et præteritæ vitæ pœnitere suadet et in novam vitam proficere, tota cum sollicitudine exhortatur Simon Petrus, filius Jonæ, provinciæ Galilææ, vico Bethsaida, frater Andreæ apostoli. Advenis. Bed. Advenæ Latine, Græce proselyti, etc., usque ad habentes: Charissimi, obsecro vos tanquam advenas et peregrinos. Dispersionis. Anno ascensionis mortuus est Stephanus, et multi timore dispersi. Ponti. Omnes hæ provinciæ Græcorum sunt in Asia, sed est et alia Bithynia in Europa: de qua illi qui in Asia sunt Bithynii originem habuerunt. Illa autem quæ in Asia est Bithynia, major Phrygia vocatur, quæ Hiera flumine a Galatia disterminatur.

1.1 Argumentum Discipulos Saviour invicti, throughout around_the_world diffusos and peregrinos in/into/on this forever mountaintrat, and passedæ of_life repent suadet and in/into/on new life proficere, the_whole when/with anxiety exhortatur Simon Peter, son Yonæ, provinces Galilee, vico Bethsaida, brother Andreæ apostles. Advenis. Bed. Advenæ Latin, Greece proselyti, etc., until to having: Charissimi, I_beg you(pl) as_if newcomers and peregrinos. Dispersionis. In_the_year ascensionis dead it_is Stephanus, and many with_fear dispersed. Ponti. All_of_them these provinces Græcorum are in/into/on Asia, but it_is and other Bithynia in/into/on Europa: from/about which them who/which in/into/on Asia are Bithynii origin they_had. Illa however which in/into/on Asia it_is Bithynia, major/greater Phrygia is_called, which Hiera by_the_river from Galatia disterminatur.

UGNT Πέτρος, ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς Πόντου, Γαλατίας, Καππαδοκίας, Ἀσίας, καὶ Βιθυνίας,
(Petros, apostolos Yaʸsou Ⱪristou; eklektois parepidaʸmois diasporas Pontou, Galatias, Kappadokias, Asias, kai Bithunias,)

SBL-GNT Πέτρος ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς Πόντου, Γαλατίας, Καππαδοκίας, Ἀσίας, καὶ Βιθυνίας,
(Petros apostolos Yaʸsou Ⱪristou eklektois parepidaʸmois diasporas Pontou, Galatias, Kappadokias, Asias, kai Bithunias,)

RP-GNT Πέτρος, ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ, ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς Πόντου, Γαλατίας, Καππαδοκίας, Ἀσίας, καὶ Βιθυνίας,
(Petros, apostolos Yaʸsou ⱪristou, eklektois parepidaʸmois diasporas Pontou, Galatias, Kappadokias, Asias, kai Bithunias,)

TC-GNT Πέτρος, ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς Πόντου, Γαλατίας, Καππαδοκίας, Ἀσίας, καὶ Βιθυνίας,
(Petros, apostolos Yaʸsou Ⱪristou, eklektois parepidaʸmois diasporas Pontou, Galatias, Kappadokias, Asias, kai Bithunias, )

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs (from our SR-GNT base).

SOTN SIL Open Translation Notes:

Section 1:1–2: Peter greeted his readers

In this section, Peter began his letter by greeting the believers to whom he was writing his letter.

Peter began this letter in the usual way that people wrote letters during the time that he lived. First, he wrote his name, “Peter.” Then he added a description of himself: “an apostle of Jesus Christ.” Next, he identified the people to whom he was writing. He was writing to the Christians living in five areas of Asia Minor, and he included a description of these Christians in 1:2a–d. Finally, Peter gave them a Christian greeting or blessing in 1:2e.

In some languages it is more common for a writer to begin a letter by mentioning the people who will receive it before he mentions his own name. If it is not polite in your language to put the author’s name first, it may be necessary to reorder the information. For example:

To God’s elect from Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ: I write to you who are strangers….

This letter is for those who have been chosen by God and who are living as strangers in the world, who are scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia. It is I, Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, who am writing to you.

However, try to find a polite way in your language to maintain the original order, if possible.

Other possible headings for the section are:

Greetings from Peter (NLT)

Peter began his letter to scattered believers/Christians

1:1a

Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ,

¶ From Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ.
¶ I, Peter, am writing this letter. I am an apostle of Jesus Christ.
¶ This letter is from me, Peter, a leader whom Jesus Christ has sent to do his work.

Peter: The author began his letter by giving his name. In some languages it may be more natural to use a statement here, such as:

I, Peter, am writing this letter

an apostle of Jesus Christ: The Greek word that the BSB translates as apostle is literally “sent one.” It refers to a person who is sent by someone to accomplish a purpose. An apostle has authority from the one who sent him. Jesus Christ chose apostles and gave them authority. After he returned to heaven, his apostles were the leaders for those who believed in him. Peter was one of those apostles.

If you have already translated the Gospels, you may want to use the same word for apostle as you used there. Some ways to translate an apostle of Jesus Christ are:

one whom Jesus Christ sent on a mission

a person with authority from Jesus Christ to do his work

a chief leader in Jesus Christ’s work

Christ: The word Christ is used in two ways in the New Testament:

It is used as a name (that is, “Jesus Christ” or “Christ”).
It is used as a title that means “the anointed one” (that is, “the Messiah” or “the Christ”).

In this letter, Peter used Christ as a name. Often it occurs with Jesus, as it does in this verse, Jesus Christ.In some other verses in this letter, Peter used “Christ” alone, as a name (see 1:11, 1:19, 2:21, 3:15–18, 4:1, 4:13–14, 5:1, 5:10, and 5:14).

1:1b

To the elect

To you, who are among God’s chosen people,
I greet you, who are people whom God has selected as his own

the elect: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as the elect means “God’s chosen ones,” that is, “(people) whom God chose.” God chose them and all other people who believe in Jesus to be his special people.This idea is also found in Mark 13:20 and 2 Timothy 2:10. Some possible ways to translate the elect are:

God’s chosen people

the people whom God has chosen to be his own special people

In this context Peter was writing to the elect in certain provinces. He did not mean that those people were the only people whom God had chosen. The Greek text indicates this by connecting the ideas of being strangers and being scattered. In some languages it may be necessary to indicate it in the first clause. For example:

you who are among God’s chosen people

1:1c

who are exiles

foreigners in this world
and who are living for a while as visitors among other people

1:1c–d

exiles of the Dispersion: The Greek word that the BSB translates as exiles refers to people who are living in a foreign country rather than in their own native country. This may be a simple geographic reference by which Peter is identifying the recipients of his letter. However, there could also be a sense here that the true home of believers in Jesus is heaven, not this world. Some translations bring out that sense.

Other ways to translate this are:

living as foreigners (NLT)

temporary residents in the world (GW)

1:1d

of the Dispersion throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, chosen

dispersed throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. You were chosen
in various places in the lands of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. God chose you,

of the Dispersion: The Greek word that the BSB literally translates as of the Dispersion is the noun form of the verb “disperse,” which means “cause to go in different directions” or “scatter.” In Peter’s time, Jewish people who did not live in their own land of Israel referred to themselves in this way. Peter is using the term to refer to Christians, both Jews and Gentiles, to identify them as living in or near the Jewish communities that were outside of Israel but perhaps also to suggest that they are not currently living in their true land, which is heaven.

. Some ways to translate this word include:

dispersed

living in various places

Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia: These were the names of different provinces or areas where the Christians to whom Peter was writing lived. They were all located in the western part of the modern country of Turkey.

chosen: The BSB has supplied the word chosen, which has the same meaning as “elect” in 1:1b. The BSB did this to show the connection between the ideas in verses 1 and 2. In Greek the ideas in 1:2a explain more about the “elect” in 1:1b. Be sure to make this connection clear in your language. Some ways to do this are:

Mention the idea again in 1:2, as the NIV does:
^1bTo God’s elect…^2awho have been chosen
Wait until 1:2 to mention the idea “chosen,” as the RSV does:
^1bTo the exiles…^2achosen
Reorder 1:1 (see the General Comment on 1:1b–d below):
…who are chosen by God

Use a natural connection in your language. In some languages it may also be more natural to express the idea as an active clause. For example:

God chose you

General Comment on 1:1b–d

In some languages it may be more natural to reorder 1b–c. For example:

I am writing to you people who are ^1dlocated in the provinces of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, ^1cand who are only temporary residents of this world. ^1bGod has chosen you.

^1cto those living as foreigners/sojourners ^1din Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, ^1bwho are chosen by God.

Such a reordering may also help you to make a natural connection with the next verse.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person

Πέτρος

Peter

In this culture, letter writers would give their own names first, and they would refer to themselves in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the first person. If your language has a particular way of introducing the author of a letter, you could also use that. Alternate translation: [I, Peter, am writing this letter] or [From Peter]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish

ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

˓an˒_ambassador ˱of˲_Jesus Christ

This phrase gives further information about Simon Peter. He describes himself as being someone given the position and authority of being Christ’s apostle.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person

ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις

˱to˲_˓the˒_chosen aliens

In this culture, after giving their own names, letter writers would then state to whom they were writing, naming those people in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the second person. Alternate translation: [to you elect exiles]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς

˱to˲_˓the˒_chosen aliens ˱of˲_˓the˒_dispersion

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of elect and dispersion, you can express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: [to those whom God has elected and exiled among those whom God has dispersed]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς

˱to˲_˓the˒_chosen aliens ˱of˲_˓the˒_dispersion

When Peter calls his readers exiles, he could mean: (1) they are exiles because they are far away from their true home in heaven. Alternate translation: [to the elect exiles of the dispersion who are far from their home in heaven] (2) they are exiles because they were forced to leave their homes and go far away to Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. Alternate translation: [to you elect exiles of the dispersion who are far away from your homes]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

διασπορᾶς

˱of˲_˓the˒_dispersion

Here, dispersion could refer to: (1) groups of Gentile Christians who were spread throughout the world instead of in their true home in heaven. In this case, dispersion would have a similar meaning to exiles and would add emphasis. Alternate translation: [among those dispersed outside of their true home in heaven] (2) the groups of Jewish people who were spread across the Greek-speaking world that was outside of the land of Israel, which is the common technical meaning for this word. Alternate translation: [among the dispersed Jews]

Note 7 topic: translate-names

Πόντου, Γαλατίας, Καππαδοκίας, Ἀσίας, καὶ Βιθυνίας

˱of˲_Pontus Galatia Cappadocia Asia (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Πέτρος ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς Πόντου Γαλατίας Καππαδοκίας Ἀσίας καί Βιθυνίας)

Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia are names of Roman provinces that were located in what is now the country of Turkey.

Parallel 1 PET 1:1