YNA 1:10 Interlinear View

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. וַ,יִּירְאוּ
2. 530324,530325
3. And they feared
4. scared and
5. 3372
6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
7. and,they_feared
8. S
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370755
1. הָ,אֲנָשִׁים
2. 530326,530327
3. the men
4. -
5. 376
6. S-Td,Ncmpa
7. the,men
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370756
1. יִרְאָה
2. 530328
3. a fear
4. -
5. 3373
6. S-Ncfsa
7. a_fear
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370757
1. גְדוֹלָה
2. 530329
3. great
4. -
6. S-Aafsa
7. great
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370758
1. וַ,יֹּאמְרוּ
2. 530330,530331
3. and they said
4. -
5. 559
6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
7. and=they_said
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370759
1. אֵלָי,ו
2. 530332,530333
3. to him/it
4. -
5. 413
6. S-R,Sp3ms
7. to=him/it
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370760
1. מַה
2. 530334
3. what
4. -
5. 4100
6. P-Ti
7. what?
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370761
2. 530335
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 370762
1. זֹּאת
2. 530336
3. this
4. -
5. 2063
6. S-Pdxfs
7. this
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370763
1. עָשִׂיתָ
2. 530337
3. have you done
4. -
6. V-Vqp2ms
7. have_you_done
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370764
1. כִּי
2. 530338
3. if/because
4. because
6. S-C
7. if/because
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370765
2. 530339
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 370766
1. יָדְעוּ
2. 530340
3. they knew
4. -
5. 3045
6. V-Vqp3cp
7. they_knew
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370767
1. הָ,אֲנָשִׁים
2. 530341,530342
3. the men
4. -
5. 376
6. S-Td,Ncmpa
7. the,men
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370768
1. כִּי
2. 530343
3. if/because that
4. -
6. O-C
7. if/because_that
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370769
2. 530344
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 370770
1. מִ,לִּ,פְנֵי
2. 530345,530346,530347
3. from to/for face/front/presence
4. -
5. 6440
6. O-R,R,Ncbpc
7. from=to/for=face/front/presence
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370771
1. יְהוָה
2. 530348
3. YHWH
4. Yahweh
5. 3068
6. O-Np
7. Yahweh
8. -
9. Person=God; Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370772
1. הוּא
2. 530349
3. he
4. -
5. 1931
6. S-Pp3ms
7. he
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370773
1. בֹרֵחַ
2. 530350
3. +was fleeing
4. -
5. 1272
6. V-Vqrmsa
7. [was]_fleeing
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370774
1. כִּי
2. 530351
3. if/because
4. -
6. S-C
7. if/because
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370775
1. הִגִּיד
2. 530352
3. he had told
4. -
5. 5046
6. V-Vhp3ms
7. he_had_told
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370776
1. לָ,הֶֽם
2. 530353,530354
3. to/for them
4. -
6. S-R,Sp3mp
7. to/for=them
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370777
2. 530355
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 370778

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:1–17: The LORD told Jonah to take a message to the people of Nineveh but Jonah disobeyed

This section tells about the LORD’s command to Jonah to preach a message of judgment and destruction to the people of Nineveh, the capital city of Assyria. Jonah, however, disobeyed the LORD and tried to flee from him; he got on a ship heading for Tarshish, a city in the opposite direction.

1:10a

The men knew that he was fleeing from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them.

Then Jonah told them he was fleeing from Yahweh so that he would not have to do what Yahweh had commanded him to do.

The men knew that he was fleeing from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them: Here the author gives the reason why the sailors were terrified, that is, because Jonah had told them that he was running away from the LORD. In the BSB, the result (they were even more afraid) is given first and then the reason (Jonah had told them he was running away from the LORD) is given. In the Display this has been reordered and the reason given first. Consider if it is more natural in your language to place the reason first or last.

1:10

Then the men were even more afraid and said to him, “What have you done?” The men knew that he was fleeing from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them.

1:10b

Then the men were even more afraid

When they heard this, they were terrified,
When they heard what Jonah told them, they became even more afraid

Then the men were even more afraid: The expression translated even more afraid is literally “they were afraid with a great fear.” 1:5 said that they were afraid; now their fear had increased.

1:10c

and said to him, “What have you done?”

and they replied, “That’s terrible! How could you^(sing) dare to do that?”
and said, “What you^(sing) have done is terrible!”

What have you done?: This is another rhetorical question. It showed that the sailors were terrified because Jonah had disobeyed God (Ellison, p. 372; Keil-Delitzsch, pp. 395–96).

If your language does not use rhetorical questions often or does not use them to blame someone for something, you will need to express the question as a statement. For example, see the second meaning line in 1:10c in the Display.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-poetry

וַ⁠יִּֽירְא֤וּ הָֽ⁠אֲנָשִׁים֙ יִרְאָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה

and,they_feared the,men terror even_more

Here, feared a great fear is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that both come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: [Then the men were extremely frightened]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֑יתָ

what? this you(ms)_have_done/made

The men on the ship used a rhetorical question to show how afraid and angry they were that Jonah was causing so much trouble for all of them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: [You have done a terrible thing!]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙

from=to/for=face/front/presence YHWH

This is an expression that refers to the face of Yahweh to represent his presence. The idea of Yahweh’s presence also includes his knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. By running away, Jonah is hoping that Yahweh will not notice that he is disobeying. Alternate translation: [from the presence of Yahweh]

Note 4 topic: grammar-connect-time-background

כִּ֥י הִגִּ֖יד לָ⁠הֶֽם

that/for/because/then/when he/it_told to/for=them

This verse provides background information about Jonah’s disobedience to help readers understand why the sailors were afraid. The sailors reacted in fear because Jonah had already told them that he was running away from Yahweh, the God he worshiped. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information. Alternatively, place this information before the first sentence about the sailors being afraid.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / infostructure

כִּֽי־יָדְע֣וּ הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּֽי־מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא בֹרֵ֔חַ כִּ֥י הִגִּ֖יד לָ⁠הֶֽם

that/for/because/then/when knew the,men that/for/because/then/when from=to/for=face/front/presence YHWH he/it fleeing that/for/because/then/when he/it_told to/for=them

Jonah told the sailors that he was running away from before the face of Yahweh before they reacted with great fear. If it is more natural in your language to put information in the order that it happened, you can put this sentence before the other and translate it as follows. Alternate translation: [Jonah told the men that he was running away from before the face of Yahweh]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Hebrew word
5. Hebrew lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. And they feared
2. scared and
3. 1987,3293
5. 530324,530325
6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
8. S
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370755
1. the men
2. -
3. 1893,266
5. 530326,530327
6. S-Td,Ncmpa
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370756
1. a fear
2. -
3. 3053
5. 530328
6. S-Ncfsa
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370757
1. great
2. -
3. 1513
5. 530329
6. S-Aafsa
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370758
1. and they said
2. -
3. 1987,683
5. 530330,530331
6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370759
1. to him/it
2. -
3. 369,1978
5. 530332,530333
6. S-R,Sp3ms
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370760
1. what
2. -
3. 4666
5. 530334
6. P-Ti
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370761
1. this
2. -
3. 2146
5. 530336
6. S-Pdxfs
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370763
1. have you done
2. -
3. 6035
5. 530337
6. V-Vqp2ms
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370764
1. if/because
2. because
3. 3482
5. 530338
6. S-C
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370765
1. they knew
2. -
3. 3207
5. 530340
6. V-Vqp3cp
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370767
1. the men
2. -
3. 1893,266
5. 530341,530342
6. S-Td,Ncmpa
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370768
1. if/because that
2. -
3. 3482
5. 530343
6. O-C
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370769
1. from to/for face/front/presence
2. -
3. 4129,3705,6376
5. 530345,530346,530347
6. O-R,R,Ncbpc
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370771
1. YHWH
2. Yahweh
3. 3354
5. 530348
6. O-Np
8. -
9. Person=God; Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370772
1. he
2. -
3. 1978
5. 530349
6. S-Pp3ms
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370773
1. +was fleeing
2. -
3. 1227
5. 530350
6. V-Vqrmsa
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370774
1. if/because
2. -
3. 3482
5. 530351
6. S-C
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370775
1. he had told
2. -
3. 5120
5. 530352
6. V-Vhp3ms
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370776
1. to/for them
2. -
3. 3705,1978
5. 530353,530354
6. S-R,Sp3mp
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370777

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.