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interlinearVerse INT GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA PSA AMOS HOS 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH PRO ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC GAL 1TH 2TH 1COR 2COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1TIM TIT 1PET 2PET 2TIM HEB YUD 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN REV
Yud C1
OET (OET-LV) Youdas/(Yəhūdāh), slave of_Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa) chosen_one/messiah, and brother of_Yakōbos/(Yaˊₐqoⱱ), to_the ones called having_been_loved by god the_father, and having_been_kept in_Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah:
OET (OET-RV) This letter is from Yudas, a slave of Yeshua the messiah, and brother of Yacob. It’s written to all those who have been called and loved by God the father and who have kept believing in Yeshua the messiah.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person
Ἰούδας
Jude
In this culture, letter writers would give their own names first, and they would refer to themselves in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the first person. If your language has a particular way of introducing the author of a letter, you could also use that. Alternate translation: [I, Jude, am writing this letter] or [From Jude]
Note 2 topic: translate-names
Ἰούδας
Jude
Jude is the name of a man, the brother of James. See the information about him in Part 1 of the Introduction to Jude.
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish
Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος, ἀδελφὸς δὲ Ἰακώβου
˱of˲_Jesus Christ slave brother and ˱of˲_Jacobus
These phrases give further information about Jude. He describes himself as being both a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James. This distinguishes him from the two other men named Jude in the New Testament, which English translations usually distinguish from Jude by translating their names as “Judas”.
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
ἀδελφὸς & Ἰακώβου
brother & ˱of˲_Jacobus
James and Jude were half brothers of Jesus. Joseph was their physical father, but he was not the physical father of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this relationship explicitly. Alternate translation: [a brother of James, both being half brothers of Jesus]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person
τοῖς
˱to˲_the_‹ones›
In this culture, after giving their own names, letter writers would then say to whom they were writing, naming those people in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the second person. Alternate translation: [to you who are]
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
κλητοῖς
called
That these people have been called implies that God has called and saved them. Alternate translation: [and whom God has called and saved]
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
ἐν Θεῷ Πατρὶ ἠγαπημένοις
by God /the/_Father /having_been/_loved
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express this with an active form. Alternate translation: [whom God the Father loves]
Note 8 topic: guidelines-sonofgodprinciples
Θεῷ Πατρὶ
God /the/_Father
Father is an important title for God.
Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ τετηρημένοις κλητοῖς
˱of˲_Jesus ˱in˲_Jesus Christ /having_been/_kept called
If your language does not use the passive form kept and called, you could express this with an active form. Alternate translation: [those whom Jesus Christ keeps and calls]
1:1 Jude (or Judas) is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew name “Judah.” It was a common name; this Jude was a brother of James, who was a brother of Jesus (see Jude Book Introduction, “Author”).
• a slave of Jesus Christ: Jude acknowledges that he is under Jesus’ lordship in every area of life. The title also carries honor: The great Old Testament leaders of God’s people were also called slaves or servants of God (see Josh 14:7; 2 Kgs 18:12; Ezek 34:23).
• to all who have been called: It is unclear who the specific recipients of Jude’s letter were.
OET (OET-LV) Youdas/(Yəhūdāh), slave of_Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa) chosen_one/messiah, and brother of_Yakōbos/(Yaˊₐqoⱱ), to_the ones called having_been_loved by god the_father, and having_been_kept in_Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah:
OET (OET-RV) This letter is from Yudas, a slave of Yeshua the messiah, and brother of Yacob. It’s written to all those who have been called and loved by God the father and who have kept believing in Yeshua the messiah.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.