1 PET 1:1 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Πέτρος
2. petros
3. Petros
4. Peter
5. 40740
6. N····NMS
7. Petros
8. Peter
9. WPS
10. Y60; F148486; F149108; F149353; F149368; F149372; F150169; F150222
11. 148446
1. ἀπόστολος
2. apostolos
3. +an ambassador
4. ambassador
5. 6520
6. N····NMS
7. ˓an˒ ambassador
8. ˓an˒ ambassador
9. -
10. Y60
11. 148447
1. Ἰησοῦ
2. iēsous
3. of Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
4. -
5. 24240
6. N····GMS
7. ˱of˲ Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
8. ˱of˲ Jesus
9. UN
10. Person=Jesus; Y60
11. 148448
1. Χριστοῦ
2. χristos
3. chosen one messiah
4. messiah
5. 55470
6. N····GMS
7. chosen_one/messiah
8. Christ
9. WN
10. Y60; Person=Jesus
11. 148449
1. ἐκλεκτοῖς
2. eklektos
3. to +the chosen
4. -
5. 15880
6. A····DMP
7. ˱to˲ ˓the˒ chosen
8. ˱to˲ ˓the˒ chosen
9. -
10. Y60
11. 148450
1. καί
2. kai
3. -
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. -
11. 148451
1. παρεπιδήμοις
2. parepidēmos
3. aliens
4. -
5. 39270
6. S····DMP
7. aliens
8. aliens
9. -
10. Y60; F148475; F148486; F148523; F148528; F148541; F148548; F148559; F148590; F148591; F148597; F148598; F148600; F148606; F148611; F148625; F148656; F148664; F148668; F148682; F148687; F148688; F148690; F148694; F148704; F148710; F148716; F148741; F148757; F148759; F148761; F148770; F148774; F148806
11. 148452
1. διασπορᾶς
2. diaspora
3. of +the dispersion
4. dispersed
5. 12900
6. N····GFS
7. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ dispersion
8. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ dispersion
9. -
10. Y60
11. 148453
1. Πόντου
2. pontos
3. of Pontos
4. Pontus
5. 41950
6. N····GMS
7. ˱of˲ Pontos
8. ˱of˲ Pontus
9. U
10. Location=Pontus; Y60
11. 148454
1. Γαλατίας
2. galatia
3. Galatia
4. Galatia
5. 10530
6. N····GFS
7. Galatia
8. Galatia
9. U
10. Location=Galatia; Y60
11. 148455
1. Καππαδοκίας
2. kappadokia
3. Kappadokia
4. Cappadocia
5. 25870
6. N····GFS
7. Kappadokia
8. Cappadocia
9. U
10. Location=Cappadocia; Y60
11. 148456
1. Ἀσίας
2. asia
3. Asia
4. Asia
5. 7730
6. N····GFS
7. Asia
8. Asia
9. U
10. Location=Asia; Y60
11. 148457
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 148458
1. Βιθυνίας
2. bithunia
3. Bithunia
4. Bithynia
5. 9780
6. N····GFS
7. Bithunia
8. Bithynia
9. U
10. Location=Bithynia; Y60
11. 148459

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:1–2: Peter greeted his readers

In this section, Peter began his letter by greeting the believers to whom he was writing his letter.

Peter began this letter in the usual way that people wrote letters during the time that he lived. First, he wrote his name, “Peter.” Then he added a description of himself: “an apostle of Jesus Christ.” Next, he identified the people to whom he was writing. He was writing to the Christians living in five areas of Asia Minor, and he included a description of these Christians in 1:2a–d. Finally, Peter gave them a Christian greeting or blessing in 1:2e.

In some languages it is more common for a writer to begin a letter by mentioning the people who will receive it before he mentions his own name. If it is not polite in your language to put the author’s name first, it may be necessary to reorder the information. For example:

To God’s elect from Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ: I write to you who are strangers….

This letter is for those who have been chosen by God and who are living as strangers in the world, who are scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia. It is I, Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, who am writing to you.

However, try to find a polite way in your language to maintain the original order, if possible.

Other possible headings for the section are:

Greetings from Peter (NLT)

Peter began his letter to scattered believers/Christians

1:1a

Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ,

¶ From Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ.
¶ I, Peter, am writing this letter. I am an apostle of Jesus Christ.
¶ This letter is from me, Peter, a leader whom Jesus Christ has sent to do his work.

Peter: The author began his letter by giving his name. In some languages it may be more natural to use a statement here, such as:

I, Peter, am writing this letter

an apostle of Jesus Christ: The Greek word that the BSB translates as apostle is literally “sent one.” It refers to a person who is sent by someone to accomplish a purpose. An apostle has authority from the one who sent him. Jesus Christ chose apostles and gave them authority. After he returned to heaven, his apostles were the leaders for those who believed in him. Peter was one of those apostles.

If you have already translated the Gospels, you may want to use the same word for apostle as you used there. Some ways to translate an apostle of Jesus Christ are:

one whom Jesus Christ sent on a mission

a person with authority from Jesus Christ to do his work

a chief leader in Jesus Christ’s work

Christ: The word Christ is used in two ways in the New Testament:

It is used as a name (that is, “Jesus Christ” or “Christ”).
It is used as a title that means “the anointed one” (that is, “the Messiah” or “the Christ”).

In this letter, Peter used Christ as a name. Often it occurs with Jesus, as it does in this verse, Jesus Christ.In some other verses in this letter, Peter used “Christ” alone, as a name (see 1:11, 1:19, 2:21, 3:15–18, 4:1, 4:13–14, 5:1, 5:10, and 5:14).

1:1b

To the elect

To you, who are among God’s chosen people,
I greet you, who are people whom God has selected as his own

the elect: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as the elect means “God’s chosen ones,” that is, “(people) whom God chose.” God chose them and all other people who believe in Jesus to be his special people.This idea is also found in Mark 13:20 and 2 Timothy 2:10. Some possible ways to translate the elect are:

God’s chosen people

the people whom God has chosen to be his own special people

In this context Peter was writing to the elect in certain provinces. He did not mean that those people were the only people whom God had chosen. The Greek text indicates this by connecting the ideas of being strangers and being scattered. In some languages it may be necessary to indicate it in the first clause. For example:

you who are among God’s chosen people

1:1c

who are exiles

foreigners in this world
and who are living for a while as visitors among other people

1:1c–d

exiles of the Dispersion: The Greek word that the BSB translates as exiles refers to people who are living in a foreign country rather than in their own native country. This may be a simple geographic reference by which Peter is identifying the recipients of his letter. However, there could also be a sense here that the true home of believers in Jesus is heaven, not this world. Some translations bring out that sense.

Other ways to translate this are:

living as foreigners (NLT)

temporary residents in the world (GW)

1:1d

of the Dispersion throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, chosen

dispersed throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. You were chosen
in various places in the lands of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. God chose you,

of the Dispersion: The Greek word that the BSB literally translates as of the Dispersion is the noun form of the verb “disperse,” which means “cause to go in different directions” or “scatter.” In Peter’s time, Jewish people who did not live in their own land of Israel referred to themselves in this way. Peter is using the term to refer to Christians, both Jews and Gentiles, to identify them as living in or near the Jewish communities that were outside of Israel but perhaps also to suggest that they are not currently living in their true land, which is heaven.

. Some ways to translate this word include:

dispersed

living in various places

Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia: These were the names of different provinces or areas where the Christians to whom Peter was writing lived. They were all located in the western part of the modern country of Turkey.

chosen: The BSB has supplied the word chosen, which has the same meaning as “elect” in 1:1b. The BSB did this to show the connection between the ideas in verses 1 and 2. In Greek the ideas in 1:2a explain more about the “elect” in 1:1b. Be sure to make this connection clear in your language. Some ways to do this are:

Mention the idea again in 1:2, as the NIV does:
^1bTo God’s elect…^2awho have been chosen
Wait until 1:2 to mention the idea “chosen,” as the RSV does:
^1bTo the exiles…^2achosen
Reorder 1:1 (see the General Comment on 1:1b–d below):
…who are chosen by God

Use a natural connection in your language. In some languages it may also be more natural to express the idea as an active clause. For example:

God chose you

General Comment on 1:1b–d

In some languages it may be more natural to reorder 1b–c. For example:

I am writing to you people who are ^1dlocated in the provinces of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, ^1cand who are only temporary residents of this world. ^1bGod has chosen you.

^1cto those living as foreigners/sojourners ^1din Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, ^1bwho are chosen by God.

Such a reordering may also help you to make a natural connection with the next verse.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person

Πέτρος

Peter

In this culture, letter writers would give their own names first, and they would refer to themselves in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the first person. If your language has a particular way of introducing the author of a letter, you could also use that. Alternate translation: [I, Peter, am writing this letter] or [From Peter]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish

ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

˓an˒_ambassador ˱of˲_Jesus Christ

This phrase gives further information about Simon Peter. He describes himself as being someone given the position and authority of being Christ’s apostle.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person

ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις

˱to˲_˓the˒_chosen aliens

In this culture, after giving their own names, letter writers would then state to whom they were writing, naming those people in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the second person. Alternate translation: [to you elect exiles]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς

˱to˲_˓the˒_chosen aliens ˱of˲_˓the˒_dispersion

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of elect and dispersion, you can express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: [to those whom God has elected and exiled among those whom God has dispersed]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς

˱to˲_˓the˒_chosen aliens ˱of˲_˓the˒_dispersion

When Peter calls his readers exiles, he could mean: (1) they are exiles because they are far away from their true home in heaven. Alternate translation: [to the elect exiles of the dispersion who are far from their home in heaven] (2) they are exiles because they were forced to leave their homes and go far away to Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. Alternate translation: [to you elect exiles of the dispersion who are far away from your homes]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

διασπορᾶς

˱of˲_˓the˒_dispersion

Here, dispersion could refer to: (1) groups of Gentile Christians who were spread throughout the world instead of in their true home in heaven. In this case, dispersion would have a similar meaning to exiles and would add emphasis. Alternate translation: [among those dispersed outside of their true home in heaven] (2) the groups of Jewish people who were spread across the Greek-speaking world that was outside of the land of Israel, which is the common technical meaning for this word. Alternate translation: [among the dispersed Jews]

Note 7 topic: translate-names

Πόντου, Γαλατίας, Καππαδοκίας, Ἀσίας, καὶ Βιθυνίας

˱of˲_Pontus Galatia Cappadocia Asia (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Πέτρος ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς Πόντου Γαλατίας Καππαδοκίας Ἀσίας καί Βιθυνίας)

Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia are names of Roman provinces that were located in what is now the country of Turkey.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear 1 PET 1:1

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 1:1–2: Peter greeted his readers

1:1a

1:1b

1:1c

1:1c–d

1:1d

General Comment on 1:1b–d

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

OET interlinear 1 PET 1:1

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 1:1–2: Peter greeted his readers

1:1a

1:1b

1:1c

1:1c–d

1:1d

General Comment on 1:1b–d

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

OET interlinear 1 PET 1:1