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interlinearVerse INT GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA PSA AMOS HOS 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH PRO ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL JOB YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC GAL 1TH 2TH 1COR 2COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1TIM TIT 1PET 2PET 2TIM HEB YUD 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN REV
OET (OET-LV) Yakōbos/(Yaˊₐqoⱱ), of_god and of_the_master Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa) chosen_one/messiah, twelve, a_slave to_the tribes which are in the dispersion:
to_be_greeting.
OET (OET-RV) This letter is from Yacob, a slave for God and for the master Yeshua the messiah. It’s written to the tribes who have ended up dispersed into many nations: Greetings.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person
Ἰάκωβος
Jacobus
In this culture, letter writers would give their own names first, and they would refer to themselves in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the first person. If your language has a particular way of introducing the author of a letter, you could also use that if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I, James, am writing this letter” or “From James”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς
˱to˲_the twelve tribes
James is speaking of the nation of Israel by association with the fact that it was made up of 12 tribes. Alternate translation: “to the nation of Israel”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς
˱to˲_the twelve tribes
James is speaking of Jesus’ followers as if they were the nation of Israel, since the community of the people of God had expanded from that nation to include people of every nation who followed Jesus. Alternate translation: “to followers of Jesus”
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person
ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς
˱to˲_the twelve tribes
In this culture, after giving their own names, letter writers would then say to whom they were writing, naming those people in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the second person. Alternate translation: “to you followers of Jesus”
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns
ἐν τῇ διασπορᾷ
in the dispersion
At this time, the term dispersion referred to those Jews who were living away from their homeland of Israel and who were scattered into various parts of the Roman Empire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun dispersion with a verb such as “scattered.” Alternate translation: “scattered throughout the world” or, if you are using the second person, “who are scattered throughout the world”
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ἐν τῇ διασπορᾷ
in the dispersion
While the term dispersion referred literally to Jews, James is using it to describe followers of Jesus. Alternate translation: “scattered throughout the world” or, if you are using the second person, “who are scattered throughout the world”
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
χαίρειν.
/to_be/_greeting
The word Rejoice was used at this time as a greeting. In your translation, you could use the greeting that is typical of your language and culture. Alternate translation: “Greetings!”
1:1 James: See “James, Brother of Jesus” Profile.
• By identifying his readers as the “twelve tribes,” James affirms Christianity’s continuity with Israel’s heritage. The Exile had dispersed the twelve tribes, but Jewish interpreters looked forward to God reuniting them (see Psalms of Solomon 17:26-28; Testament of Benjamin 9:2; cp. Ezek 37:15-28; Matt 19:28). Christ has spiritually brought an end to Israel’s exile and reunited the tribes.
• Jews scattered abroad (Greek diaspora) were living outside Palestine (John 7:35; Acts 2:5; 8:1; 11:19).
• Greetings! (Greek chairein): This greeting is typical in first-century Greek letters (Acts 15:23; 23:26) and interpersonally (Matt 26:49; Luke 1:28).
OET (OET-LV) Yakōbos/(Yaˊₐqoⱱ), of_god and of_the_master Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa) chosen_one/messiah, twelve, a_slave to_the tribes which are in the dispersion:
to_be_greeting.
OET (OET-RV) This letter is from Yacob, a slave for God and for the master Yeshua the messiah. It’s written to the tribes who have ended up dispersed into many nations: Greetings.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.