YNA 1:2 Interlinear View

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. קוּם
2. 530062
3. Arise
4. -
6. V-Vqv2ms
7. arise
8. S
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370583
1. לֵךְ
2. 530063
3. go
4. -
5. 3212
6. V-Vqv2ms
7. go
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370584
1. אֶל
2. 530064
3. to
4. -
5. 413
6. S-R
7. to
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370585
2. 530065
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 370586
1. נִינְוֵה
2. 530066
3. Nīnəvēh
4. Nineveh
5. 5210
6. S-Np
7. Nineveh
8. -
9. Location=Nineveh; Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370587
1. הָ,עִיר
2. 530067,530068
3. the city
4. city
6. S-Td,Ncfsa
7. the=city
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370588
1. הַ,גְּדוֹלָה
2. 530069,530070
3. (the) great
4. -
6. S-Td,Aafsa
7. (the),great
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370589
1. וּ,קְרָא
2. 530071,530072
3. and call out
4. and
5. 7121
6. SV-C,Vqv2ms
7. and,call_out
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370590
1. עָלֶי,הָ
2. 530073,530074
3. on/upon it(f)
4. -
6. S-R,Sp3fs
7. on/upon=it(f)
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370591
1. כִּי
2. 530075
3. if/because
4. because
6. S-C
7. if/because
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370592
2. 530076
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 370593
1. עָלְתָה
2. 530077
3. it has come up
4. it
5. 5927
6. V-Vqp3fs
7. it_has_come_up
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370594
1. רָעָתָ,ם
2. 530078,530079
3. wickedness of their
4. -
6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3mp
7. wickedness_of,their
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370595
1. לְ,פָנָ,י
2. 530080,530081,530082
3. before me
4. -
5. 6440
6. S-R,Ncbpc,Sp1cs
7. before,,me
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370596
2. 530083
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 370597

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:1–17: The LORD told Jonah to take a message to the people of Nineveh but Jonah disobeyed

This section tells about the LORD’s command to Jonah to preach a message of judgment and destruction to the people of Nineveh, the capital city of Assyria. Jonah, however, disobeyed the LORD and tried to flee from him; he got on a ship heading for Tarshish, a city in the opposite direction.

1:2a

“Get up! Go to the great city of Nineveh

“Go at once to the large city of/called Nineveh

Get up! Go to the great city of Nineveh: Nineveh is called a great city because it was very large and many people lived in it. It was so large that it took a person three days to walk through it (3:3). More than 120,000 people lived there (4:11).

Get up! Go to…Nineveh: In Hebrew this verse begins with two verbs qum and leḵ which literally mean “arise, go.” Some English versions retain the two verbs. For example:

Arise, go to Nineveh (RSV)

However, when the verb qum is followed by another motion verb, many scholars believe that it has lost its literal meaning and that instead it signals the beginning of an action. In this case it may also signal the urgency of the action. In English versions, you will see this combination of verbs translated in three different ways:

“Leave at once for Nineveh” (GW) or “Go at once to Nineveh” (NJPS, NRSV). The translators of these versions express the force of qum by the words “at once.” Other ways of doing this in English would be to begin the verse “Start on your way” or “Get going.”
The verb qum is not translated at all and the verse is translated as Go to…Nineveh (NIV, GNT, CEV).
The verb qum is translated literally: “arise” or “get up” (BSB, KJV, NCV, NJB, NLT, RSV).

The third option should be avoided because it gives the impression that the LORD was telling Jonah to do two things: “get up” and “go.” It is recommended that you follow one of the translation possibilities suggested in option 1.

1:2b

and preach against it,

and preach my message against the people there
and confront the people there with my message of judgment

and preach against it: The rest of the story shows that what Jonah was told to speak was a message which condemned the people of Nineveh (Keil-Delitzsch, p. 389). Some translations make this explicit. For example:

cry out against it (NRSV)

go now and denounce it (REB)

speak against it (TEV)

it: This refers to the city of Nineveh. Although the text says that Jonah was to preach against “the city of Nineveh,” it meant that he was to preach against the people of the city because of the wicked way they were behaving.

1:2c

because its wickedness has come up before Me.”

for it has come to my notice how very wicked they are.”
for I know how very wicked they are.”

its wickedness: Here the wickedness and sinful behavior of the people of Nineveh is referred to as if the city were a person.

has come up before Me: Or “has come to my attention.” The LORD knew how very sinful the people of Nineveh were. Here is another way to express this idea:

I am aware of how wicked its people are (GNT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

ק֠וּם לֵ֧ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֛ה הָ⁠עִ֥יר הַ⁠גְּדוֹלָ֖ה וּ⁠קְרָ֣א עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֥ה רָעָתָ֖⁠ם לְ⁠פָנָֽ⁠י

get_up go to/towards Nīnəvēh the=city (the),great and,call_out on/upon=it(f) that/for/because/then/when come_up wickedness_of,their before,,me

If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses since the second half of the verse gives the reason for the result that the first half describes. Alternate translation: [The evil of Nineveh has risen before my face. Therefore, get up, go to that great city, and call out against it]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

נִֽינְוֵ֛ה הָ⁠עִ֥יר הַ⁠גְּדוֹלָ֖ה

Nīnəvēh the=city (the),great

Here, great means both large and important. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [the large and important city, Nineveh]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ק֠וּם

get_up

Get up is an idiom that means that Jonah should take action. It does not mean that he was sitting or lying down at the time that God spoke to him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning, state the meaning plainly, or use only the verb “Go.” Alternate translation: [Look alive] or [Prepare yourself]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

וּ⁠קְרָ֣א עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ

and,call_out on/upon=it(f)

The pronoun it here, meaning the city of Nineveh, refers to the people living in and around the city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [and call out against the people there]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

עָלְתָ֥ה רָעָתָ֖⁠ם לְ⁠פָנָֽ⁠י

come_up wickedness_of,their before,,me

Here, God speaks of evil as if it were something that has physically risen up in front of him as it has continually grown larger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [I know that they have been continually sinning] or [I have seen that their sin has been getting worse and worse]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

עָלְתָ֥ה רָעָתָ֖⁠ם לְ⁠פָנָֽ⁠י

come_up wickedness_of,their before,,me

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of evil, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [I have seen how wicked they have become]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Hebrew word
5. Hebrew lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. Arise
2. -
3. 7037
5. 530062
6. V-Vqv2ms
8. S
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370583
1. go
2. -
3. 1984
5. 530063
6. V-Vqv2ms
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370584
1. to
2. -
3. 369
5. 530064
6. S-R
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370585
1. Nīnəvēh
2. Nineveh
3. 4995
5. 530066
6. S-Np
8. -
9. Location=Nineveh; Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370587
1. the city
2. city
3. 1893,5667
5. 530067,530068
6. S-Td,Ncfsa
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370588
1. (the) great
2. -
3. 1893,1513
5. 530069,530070
6. S-Td,Aafsa
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370589
1. and call out
2. and
3. 1987,6994
5. 530071,530072
6. SV-C,Vqv2ms
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370590
1. on/upon it(f)
2. -
3. 5837,1978
5. 530073,530074
6. S-R,Sp3fs
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370591
1. if/because
2. because
3. 3482
5. 530075
6. S-C
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370592
1. wickedness of their
2. -
3. 7321,1978
5. 530078,530079
6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3mp
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370595
1. it has come up
2. it
3. 5945
5. 530077
6. V-Vqp3fs
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370594
1. before me
2. -
3. 3705,6376,1978
5. 530080,530081,530082
6. S-R,Ncbpc,Sp1cs
8. -
9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
10. 370596

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.

OET interlinear YNA (JNA) 1:2

Hebrew word order

Section 1:1–17: The LORD told Jonah to take a message to the people of Nineveh but Jonah disobeyed

1:2a

1:2b

1:2c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)