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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 1 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear RUTH 1:8

← RUTH 1:8 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,תֹּאמֶר
    2. 179258,179259
    3. And she/it said
    4. Then said
    5. 559
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and=she/it_said
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123901
    1. נָעֳמִי
    2. 179260
    3. Nāˊₒmī
    4. Naomi
    5. 5281
    6. S-Np
    7. Naomi
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi; Y-1308
    10. 123902
    1. לִ,שְׁתֵּי
    2. 179261,179262
    3. to the two of
    4. two
    5. 8147
    6. S-R,Acfdc
    7. to,the_two_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123903
    1. כַלֹּתֶי,הָ
    2. 179263,179264
    3. daughters-in-law of her
    4. her daughters-in-law
    5. 3618
    6. S-Ncfpc,Sp3fs
    7. daughters-in-law_of,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123904
    1. לֵכְנָה
    2. 179265
    3. go
    4. go
    5. 3212
    6. V-Vqv2fp
    7. go
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123905
    1. שֹּׁבְנָה
    2. 179266
    3. return
    4. -
    5. 7725
    6. V-Vqv2fp
    7. return
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123906
    1. אִשָּׁה
    2. 179267
    3. each woman
    4. -
    5. 802
    6. S-Ncfsa
    7. [each]_woman
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123907
    1. לְ,בֵית
    2. 179268,179269
    3. to the house of
    4. -
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    7. to,the_house_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123908
    1. אִמָּ,הּ
    2. 179270,179271
    3. her mother of her
    4. -
    5. 517
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3fs
    7. her_mother_of,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123909
    1. יעשה
    2. 179272
    3. may he deal
    4. -
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    7. may_he_deal
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123910
    2. 179273
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123911
    1. יְהוָה
    2. 179274
    3. YHWH
    4. Yahweh
    5. 3068
    6. S-Np
    7. Yahweh
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-1308
    10. 123912
    1. עִמָּ,כֶם
    2. 179275,179276
    3. with you(pl)
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp2mp
    7. with,you(pl)
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123913
    1. חֶסֶד
    2. 179277
    3. covenant loyalty
    4. -
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. covenant_loyalty
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123914
    1. כַּ,אֲשֶׁר
    2. 179278,179279
    3. just as
    4. -
    6. S-R,Tr
    7. just=as
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123915
    1. עֲשִׂיתֶם
    2. 179280
    3. you(pl) have dealt
    4. -
    6. V-Vqp2mp
    7. you(pl)_have_dealt
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123916
    1. עִם
    2. 179281
    3. with
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123917
    2. 179282
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123918
    1. הַ,מֵּתִים
    2. 179283,179284
    3. the dead
    4. -
    5. 4191
    6. S-Td,Vqrmpa
    7. the,dead
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123919
    1. וְ,עִמָּדִ,י
    2. 179285,179286,179287
    3. and with me
    4. and
    6. S-C,R,Sp1cs
    7. and,with,me
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123920
    2. 179288
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123921

OET (OET-LV) And_ Nāˊₒmī _she/it_said to_the_two_of daughters-in-law_of_her go return each_woman to_the_house_of her_mother_of_her may_he_deal[fn] YHWH with_you(pl) covenant_loyalty just_as you(pl)_have_dealt with the_dead and_with_me.

1:8 OSHB variant note: יעשה: (x-qere) ’יַ֣עַשׂ’: lemma_6213 a morph_HVqj3ms id_08nRZ יַ֣עַשׂ

OET (OET-RV) Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Both of you should go back to your parents’ homes. I pray that Yahweh will treat you with the same faithfulness that you showed to your now-deceased husbands and to me.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:6–22: Naomi returned to Bethlehem with Ruth

This section talks about the next main event of the story, which is Naomi’s return to Bethlehem, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, Ruth.

Many scholars agree that verses 1:7–21 describe this event in detail, and that verse 1:22 is the closing verse of this section, which summarizes the event.

However, scholars do not agree about the function of verse 1:6. Some scholars believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. It says that Naomi arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and returned from the region of Moab. Thus, this section begins and ends with a summary description of the main event.NICOT (pages 99–100 ): The common Hebrew idiom qûm plus a verb of motion (šûḇ) also signals the start of the story’s main action: Then she…returned. Structurally, the idiom is a summary-introduction to the following events (vv. 7–21) and forms an inclusio with the chapter’s summary-conclusion (cf. wattāšāḇ, v. 22). Further, it sounds the chapter’s main theme, namely, the return of Naomi.

Some other scholars do not believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. Rather 1:6 describes the first part of the action. It says that she arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and prepared to return from the region of Moab.

The majority of versions follow the second suggestion. However, the first suggestion follows a pattern that is also in some other Hebrew narratives. An event is introduced by a summary statement, and the verses after it describe that event in detail.For example: Genesis 1:1 introduces the creation account of 1:2–31. Genesis 6:7 introduces the flood account of Genesis 6–9. Ruth 1:1–2 introduces the first section in Ruth 1:3–5. See the Note on 1:6b for more information.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Naomi and Ruth Return to Bethlehem (NIV)

Naomi and Ruth Return (NLT)

Departure from Moab (GW)

1:8a

Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go back, each of you to your mother’s home.

Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go back, each of you to your mother’s home: In this clause, Naomi attempted to send her daughters-in-law back to their former homes in Moab.

Here are some ways to indicate the connection of this clause to the previous clause. Any of these options is acceptable:

Go back: In Hebrew, this phrase is literally “Go return.” It is an idiom that gives emphasis to the command to return.Lamdin, Biblical Hebrew (pages 239–240). Here Naomi strongly urged Ruth and Orpah to return to their homes.

The blessing that Naomi gives in 1:8b indicates that she thought well of them and wanted each of them to have a good life. So translate this idiom in a way that indicates emphasis but not anger or scolding.

Here are some other ways to translate this idiom:

Turn back (NJPS)

Listen to me! Each of you should return (GW)

each of you to your mother’s home: Naomi urged her daughters-in-law to return to the homes they each came from before they married.

each of you: This phrase indicated that Ruth and Orpah had different mothers who lived in different homes.

Here are some ways to translate this phrase:

your mother’s home: In Hebrew, this description is unusual. Elsewhere in the Old Testament a widow would return to her father’s house.WBC (page 75) includes as references, Genesis 38:11 and Leviticus 22:13. However, references to a mother’s house sometimes do occur, such as in Song of Songs 3:4; 8:2. WBC suggests that here the reference to the “mother’s house” may give emphasis to the contrast Naomi wishes to make, that a widow should return to her mother and not stay with her mother-in-law. The reference to their mother’s homes may be unnatural in some other languages also. If that is true in your language, consider providing a brief explanation in a footnote.

Here is a footnote example:

Naomi’s words may imply that it is more appropriate for the two widows to go home to their mothers, rather than stay with their mother-in-law. (modified from the NET)

1:8b

May the LORD show you loving devotion, as you have shown to your dead and to me.

May the LORD show you loving devotion, as you have shown to your dead and to me: This clause is a blessing. In this blessing, Naomi indicated her desire that the LORD would be kind to Orpah and Ruth.

loving devotion: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as loving devotion has several aspects of meaning. In this verse it refers particularly to faithfulness, love, and loyalty. This term also occurs in 2:20b and 3:10b.

See Loyalty, kindness, or loyal love in the “Introduction to Ruth” for a further discussion of this key Hebrew word.

as you have shown to your dead and to me: In this part of the blessing, Naomi used a comparison to describe the kindness that she wanted the LORD to show Orpah and Ruth. She compared it to the kindness that Ruth and Orpah had shown to her and to their husbands.

Here are some other ways to translate this comparison:

May the Lord be as kind to you as you were to me and to our loved ones who have died. (GW)

May the Lord show you the same kind of devotion that you have shown to your deceased husbands and to me! (NET)

your dead: In Hebrew, this phrase is literally “the dead.” There are two ways to interpret this phrase:

  1. This phrase refers to Mahlon and Kilion. Both of them were dead. For example:

    May the Lord be as kind to you as you have been to me and my sons who are now dead. (NCV) (BSB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT)

  2. This phrase refers to Elimelech, Mahlon and Kilion. All three of them were dead. For example:

    You were kind to my husband and sons, and you have always been kind to me. I pray that the Lord will be just as kind to you (CEV) (CEV)

Many versions are ambiguous as to the interpretation that they follow. For example:

May Yahweh show you faithful love, as you have done to those who have died and to me. (NJB)

It is recommended that you translate this phrase in a way that allows either interpretation to be understood. However, if you need to choose one interpretation to follow, then it is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with a majority of versions. The Hebrew text does not indicate that Orpah and Ruth ever had an opportunity to show kindness to Elimelech. He may have died before Orpah and Ruth met Mahlon and Kilion.

This phrase probably refers to acts of kindness that Ruth and Orpah had shown to their husbands while they were still alive.NICOT (pages 104–105) suggests that their kindness “in some unspecified way benefited the dead.” However, WBC (page 76) counters that here Naomi “refers to the faithfulness of Ruth and Orpah both to her and to these dear departed during the ten years (v4) of their married life together.”

In some languages, it may be more natural to arrange the clause parts in chronological order. For example:

You were kind to your husbands who have died, and to me. I pray that Yahweh will be kind to you in the same way.

uW Translation Notes:

לִ⁠שְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔י⁠הָ

to,the_two_of daughters-in-law_of,her

Alternate translation: [to her two sons’ wives] or [to the widows of her two sons]

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / youdual

לֵ֣כְנָה שֹּׁ֔בְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה

go return woman/wife

Since Naomi is speaking to two people, the form of address would be dual here, if your language uses that form.

לֵ֣כְנָה שֹּׁ֔בְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְ⁠בֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑⁠הּ

go return woman/wife to,the_house_of her_mother_of,her

If this custom seems strange to your readers, you could include a footnote to explain it, such as: “According to the custom of the ancient Hebrews, a young widow could either stay with the family of her deceased husband or return to live with her parents until she married again.”

לְ⁠בֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑⁠הּ

to,the_house_of her_mother_of,her

Alternate translation: [to the home of your mother]

Note 2 topic: translate-blessing

יעשה יְהוָ֤ה עִמָּ⁠כֶם֙ חֶ֔סֶד כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֧ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים וְ⁠עִמָּדִֽ⁠י

show YHWH with,you(pl) kindness just=as dealt with the,dead and,with,me

Naomi is asking God to bless Orpah and Ruth. Use a natural form for a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: [I pray that Yahweh will show you covenant faithfulness such as you have shown to the dead and to me.]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

עִם־הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים

with the,dead

The writer is using the adjective dead as a noun to mean those who have died. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: [toward your husbands, who died,]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

חֶ֔סֶד

kindness

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of faithfulness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [loyally and faithfully]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And
    2. Then said
    3. 1987,683
    5. 179258,179259
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123901
    1. Nāˊₒmī
    2. Naomi
    3. 5263
    5. 179260
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi; Y-1308
    10. 123902
    1. she/it said
    2. Then said
    3. 1987,683
    5. 179258,179259
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123901
    1. to the two of
    2. two
    3. 3705,7502
    5. 179261,179262
    6. S-R,Acfdc
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123903
    1. daughters-in-law of her
    2. her daughters-in-law
    3. 3561,1978
    5. 179263,179264
    6. S-Ncfpc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123904
    1. go
    2. go
    3. 1984
    5. 179265
    6. V-Vqv2fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123905
    1. return
    2. -
    3. 7951
    5. 179266
    6. V-Vqv2fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123906
    1. each woman
    2. -
    3. 290
    5. 179267
    6. S-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123907
    1. to the house of
    2. -
    3. 3705,1094
    5. 179268,179269
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123908
    1. her mother of her
    2. -
    3. 334,1978
    5. 179270,179271
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123909
    1. may he deal
    2. -
    3. 6035
    4. K
    5. 179272
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123910
    1. YHWH
    2. Yahweh
    3. 3354
    5. 179274
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-1308
    10. 123912
    1. with you(pl)
    2. -
    3. 5681,1978
    5. 179275,179276
    6. S-R,Sp2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123913
    1. covenant loyalty
    2. -
    3. 2401
    5. 179277
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123914
    1. just as
    2. -
    3. 3418,238
    5. 179278,179279
    6. S-R,Tr
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123915
    1. you(pl) have dealt
    2. -
    3. 6035
    5. 179280
    6. V-Vqp2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123916
    1. with
    2. -
    3. 5681
    5. 179281
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123917
    1. the dead
    2. -
    3. 1893,4867
    5. 179283,179284
    6. S-Td,Vqrmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123919
    1. and with me
    2. and
    3. 1987,5683,1978
    5. 179285,179286,179287
    6. S-C,R,Sp1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123920

OET (OET-LV) And_ Nāˊₒmī _she/it_said to_the_two_of daughters-in-law_of_her go return each_woman to_the_house_of her_mother_of_her may_he_deal[fn] YHWH with_you(pl) covenant_loyalty just_as you(pl)_have_dealt with the_dead and_with_me.

1:8 OSHB variant note: יעשה: (x-qere) ’יַ֣עַשׂ’: lemma_6213 a morph_HVqj3ms id_08nRZ יַ֣עַשׂ

OET (OET-RV) Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Both of you should go back to your parents’ homes. I pray that Yahweh will treat you with the same faithfulness that you showed to your now-deceased husbands and to me.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← RUTH 1:8 ↑ → ► ║ ©