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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 1 V1 V2 V3 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear RUTH 1:4

← RUTH 1:4 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,יִּשְׂאוּ
    2. 179156,179157
    3. And they took
    4. But then
    5. 5375
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and,they_took
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 123834
    1. לָ,הֶם
    2. 179158,179159
    3. to/for them
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    7. to/for=them
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123835
    1. נָשִׁים
    2. 179160
    3. wives
    4. -
    5. 802
    6. O-Ncfpa
    7. wives
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123836
    1. מֹאֲבִיּוֹת
    2. 179161
    3. Mōʼāⱱites
    4. -
    5. 4125
    6. O-Ngfpa
    7. Moabites
    8. -
    9. Person=Moab
    10. 123837
    1. שֵׁם
    2. 179162
    3. the name of
    4. -
    5. 8034
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. the_name_of
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123838
    1. הָ,אַחַת
    2. 179163,179164
    3. the one(f)
    4. -
    5. 259
    6. S-Td,Acfsa
    7. the=one(f)
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123839
    1. עָרְפָּה
    2. 179165
    3. +was Orpah
    4. Moab—Orpah
    5. 6204
    6. P-Np
    7. [was]_Orpah
    8. -
    9. Person=Orpah
    10. 123840
    1. וְ,שֵׁם
    2. 179166,179167
    3. and name of
    4. -
    5. 8034
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    7. and=name_of
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123841
    1. הַ,שֵּׁנִית
    2. 179168,179169
    3. the second(fs)
    4. -
    5. 8145
    6. S-Td,Aofsa
    7. the=second(fs)
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123842
    1. רוּת
    2. 179170
    3. +was Rūt
    4. Ruth
    5. 7327
    6. P-Np
    7. [was]_Ruth
    8. -
    9. Person=Ruth
    10. 123843
    1. וַ,יֵּשְׁבוּ
    2. 179171,179172
    3. and they lived
    4. they lived
    5. 3427
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and=they_lived
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123844
    1. שָׁם
    2. 179173
    3. there
    4. there
    5. 8033
    6. S-D
    7. there
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123845
    1. כְּ,עֶשֶׂר
    2. 179174,179175
    3. about ten
    4. about
    5. 6235
    6. S-R,Acfsa
    7. about,ten
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123846
    1. שָׁנִים
    2. 179176
    3. years
    4. years
    5. 8141
    6. S-Ncfpa
    7. years
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123847
    2. 179177
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123848

OET (OET-LV) And_they_took to/for_them wives Mōʼāⱱites the_name_of the_one(f) was_Orpah and_name_of the_second(fs) was_Rūt and_they_lived there about_ten years.

OET (OET-RV) Eventually they married women from there in Moab—Orpah and Ruth. But after Naomi and her sons had lived in Moab for about then years,

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:1–5: Elimelech and his family went to Moab, where he and his two sons died

A note on the spelling of Elimelech. Most versions, like the BSB spell the name as Elimelech. The NIV (2011) spells the name with a final k (Elimelek). The Notes will follow the spelling used by any quoted versions.

This section contains the first main event of the story. An Israelite named Elimelech moved to the neighboring country of Moab with his wife, Naomi, and their two sons because there was famine in Israel. Elimelech died in Moab. His two sons later married women from Moab, Ruth and Orpah. Both of the sons then also died.

This section has two paragraphs:

Paragraph 1:1–2 gives an introduction. Verse 1 gives the setting of the story and introduces the main characters in this event.

Paragraph 1:3–5 describes the event in detail. Verse 1:5b summarizes the section that refers to Naomi but does not use her name.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Naomi Loses Her Husband and Sons (NIV)

Naomi Widowed (ESV)

Elimelech and His Family Move to Moab (GNT)

The Move to Moab and Tragedy (GW)

It is important to translate this book in a way that indicates the story is true. Follow a natural way that storytellers in your language use to tell true events.

Paragraph 1:3–5

This paragraph gives the details of Naomi’s situation. After Elimelech and his family went to Moab, Naomi’s husband and her two sons died. She became a widow with no male family members to provide for her and protect her. This crisis is the main problem of the story. The rest of the story tells how this crisis is resolved.

1:4a

who took Moabite women as their wives,

who took Moabite women as their wives: This verse part introduces two Moabite women (women from the country of Moab) as additional characters in the story. Some versions make it clear that the referent is the two sons. For example:

The two sons married Moabite women. (NLT)

Each son married a woman from Moab. (GW)

1:4b

one named Orpah and the other named Ruth.

one named Orpah and the other named Ruth: This verse part gives the names of the Moabite women. Scholars do not agree about the meaning of the names Orpah and Ruth.KD (page 344) says that the names Orpah and Ruth cannot be satisfactorily explained from the Hebrew. The meanings of the names are probably not important to the story.

It is recommended that you follow the majority of versions that transliterate the names as Orpah and Ruth. In some languages, it may be necessary to indicate which wife married which son. If that is true in your language, then you may indicate that Ruth was the wife of Mahlon and Orpah was the wife of Chilion. See Ruth 4:10.

1:4c

And after they had lived in Moab about ten years,

And after they had lived in Moab about ten years: There are two interpretation issues about 1:4c. The first issue is about the referent of this verse part:

  1. This verse part refers to the two sons (or the two sons, their wives, and Naomi). The ten year period refers to the time that the sons (or the two sons, their wives, and Naomi) lived in Moab after they married Orpah and Ruth. For example:

    And they continued to live there about ten years. (NET) (CEV, NET, NLT)

  2. This verse part refers to the family of Elimelech. The ten year period refers to the entire time that the family had lived in Moab. For example:

    Naomi and her sons had lived in Moab about ten years (NCV) (NCV)

Many versions are ambiguous. It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with more versions and commentaries.This interpretation follows the standard sequential function of the Hebrew form of the verb (wayyiqtol). According to ES (page 38) most interpreters follow this interpretation. These include CBC (page 513), NICOT (page 95), EBC (page 1311), and UBS (page 8).

A second issue is about the syntax of this verse part:

  1. This verse part is an independent clause. 1:5 starts a new clause. For example:

    and they lived there about ten years. 1:5Then those two—Mahlon and Chilion—also died (NJPS) (GW, KJV, NASB, NET, NJB, NJPS)

  2. This verse part begins a clause that continues in 1:5. For example:

    About ten years later, 1:5Mahlon and Chilion also died (CEV) (BSB, CEV, ESV, GNT, NABRE, NCV, NIV, NLT, NRSV, REB)

The Display will follow interpretation (1). However, you may also follow interpretation (2). There is no difference in meaning caused by the choice of syntax.

Indicate the connection of this verse part to the surrounding clauses in a natural way in your language.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וַ⁠יִּשְׂא֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙

and,they_took to/for=them women/wives

The phrase took wives for themselves is an idiom that means that they married women. They did not take women by force or take women who were already married to other men.

שֵׁ֤ם הָֽ⁠אַחַת֙ עָרְפָּ֔ה וְ⁠שֵׁ֥ם הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֖ית ר֑וּת

name_of the=one(f) Orpah and=name_of the=second(fs) Rūt

If your language must distinguish which woman married which son, you can say that Orpah married Kilion and that Ruth married Mahlon. Alternate translation: [the name of the woman who married Kilion was Orpah, and the name of the woman who married Mahlon was Ruth]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

1:4 Kilion married . . . Orpah; Mahlon married Ruth (see 4:10).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And they took
    2. But then
    3. 1987,5228
    5. 179156,179157
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 123834
    1. to/for them
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 179158,179159
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123835
    1. wives
    2. -
    3. 290
    5. 179160
    6. O-Ncfpa
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123836
    1. Mōʼāⱱites
    2. -
    3. 4816
    5. 179161
    6. O-Ngfpa
    8. -
    9. Person=Moab
    10. 123837
    1. the name of
    2. -
    3. 7629
    5. 179162
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123838
    1. the one(f)
    2. -
    3. 1893,367
    5. 179163,179164
    6. S-Td,Acfsa
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123839
    1. +was Orpah
    2. Moab—Orpah
    3. 6096
    5. 179165
    6. P-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Orpah
    10. 123840
    1. and name of
    2. -
    3. 1987,7629
    5. 179166,179167
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123841
    1. the second(fs)
    2. -
    3. 1893,7633
    5. 179168,179169
    6. S-Td,Aofsa
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123842
    1. +was Rūt
    2. Ruth
    3. 7396
    5. 179170
    6. P-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Ruth
    10. 123843
    1. and they lived
    2. they lived
    3. 1987,3311
    5. 179171,179172
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123844
    1. there
    2. there
    3. 7833
    5. 179173
    6. S-D
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123845
    1. about ten
    2. about
    3. 3418,5788
    5. 179174,179175
    6. S-R,Acfsa
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123846
    1. years
    2. years
    3. 7849
    5. 179176
    6. S-Ncfpa
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123847

OET (OET-LV) And_they_took to/for_them wives Mōʼāⱱites the_name_of the_one(f) was_Orpah and_name_of the_second(fs) was_Rūt and_they_lived there about_ten years.

OET (OET-RV) Eventually they married women from there in Moab—Orpah and Ruth. But after Naomi and her sons had lived in Moab for about then years,

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← RUTH 1:4 ↑ → ► ║ ©