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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 1 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear RUTH 1:14

← RUTH 1:14 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,תִּשֶּׂנָה
    2. 179416,179417
    3. And they raised
    4. Then but
    5. 5375
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    7. and,they_raised
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124010
    1. קוֹלָ,ן
    2. 179418,179419
    3. voice of their
    4. -
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3fp
    7. voice_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124011
    1. וַ,תִּבְכֶּינָה
    2. 179420,179421
    3. and they wept
    4. -
    5. 1058
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    7. and,they_wept
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124012
    1. עוֹד
    2. 179422
    3. again
    4. again
    5. 5750
    6. S-D
    7. again
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124013
    1. וַ,תִּשַּׁק
    2. 179423,179424
    3. and she kissed
    4. kissed
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and,she_kissed
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124014
    1. עָרְפָּה
    2. 179425
    3. Orpah
    4. Orpah
    5. 6204
    6. S-Np
    7. Orpah
    8. -
    9. Person=Orpah; Y-1308
    10. 124015
    1. לַ,חֲמוֹתָ,הּ
    2. 179426,179427,179428
    3. (to) mother-in-law of her
    4. her mother-in-law
    5. 2545
    6. S-R,Ncfsc,Sp3fs
    7. (to),mother-in-law_of,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124016
    1. וְ,רוּת
    2. 179429,179430
    3. and Rūt
    4. Ruth
    5. 7327
    6. S-C,Np
    7. and,Ruth
    8. -
    9. Person=Ruth; Y-1308
    10. 124017
    1. דָּבְקָה
    2. 179431
    3. she clung
    4. clung
    5. 1692
    6. V-Vqp3fs
    7. she_clung
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124018
    1. בָּ,הּ
    2. 179432,179433
    3. to her
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3fs
    7. to,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124019
    2. 179434
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124020

OET (OET-LV) And_they_raised voice_of_their and_they_wept again and_ Orpah _she_kissed (to)_mother-in-law_of_her and_Rūt she_clung to_her.

OET (OET-RV) Then they wailed and cried again, and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law goodbye and left, but Ruth stayed and clung to Naomi.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:6–22: Naomi returned to Bethlehem with Ruth

This section talks about the next main event of the story, which is Naomi’s return to Bethlehem, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, Ruth.

Many scholars agree that verses 1:7–21 describe this event in detail, and that verse 1:22 is the closing verse of this section, which summarizes the event.

However, scholars do not agree about the function of verse 1:6. Some scholars believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. It says that Naomi arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and returned from the region of Moab. Thus, this section begins and ends with a summary description of the main event.NICOT (pages 99–100 ): The common Hebrew idiom qûm plus a verb of motion (šûḇ) also signals the start of the story’s main action: Then she…returned. Structurally, the idiom is a summary-introduction to the following events (vv. 7–21) and forms an inclusio with the chapter’s summary-conclusion (cf. wattāšāḇ, v. 22). Further, it sounds the chapter’s main theme, namely, the return of Naomi.

Some other scholars do not believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. Rather 1:6 describes the first part of the action. It says that she arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and prepared to return from the region of Moab.

The majority of versions follow the second suggestion. However, the first suggestion follows a pattern that is also in some other Hebrew narratives. An event is introduced by a summary statement, and the verses after it describe that event in detail.For example: Genesis 1:1 introduces the creation account of 1:2–31. Genesis 6:7 introduces the flood account of Genesis 6–9. Ruth 1:1–2 introduces the first section in Ruth 1:3–5. See the Note on 1:6b for more information.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Naomi and Ruth Return to Bethlehem (NIV)

Naomi and Ruth Return (NLT)

Departure from Moab (GW)

1:14a

Again they wept aloud,

There is a Hebrew conjunction that introduces the next event in the story. Many English versions, including the BSB, do not translate this conjunction.

Again they wept aloud: The pronoun they refers to Ruth and Orpah.NICOT, WBC.

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

Again they started crying. (GNT)

Then Ruth and Orpah started crying again (T4T)

1:14b

and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law goodbye,

Orpah kissed her mother-in-law goodbye: There is a textual issue in this verse part:

  1. The Hebrew text says “And Orpah kissed her mother-in-law.” For example:

    Orpah kissed her mother-in-law (NRSV)

    Then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law and took her leave (REB) (BSB, ESV, NET, NIV, NASB, NABRE, NRSV, REB)

  2. The Septuagint says “And Orpah kissed her mother-in-law and returned to her people.” For example:

    Orpah then kissed her mother-in-law and went back to her people. (NJB) (GNT, NJB)

It is recommended that you follow option (1) along with most versions and commentaries.NICOT, WBC, ZECOT.

However, the information that Orpah returned home is clearly implied in 1:15a. You may wish to include this as implied information for clarity.

goodbye: The Hebrew text does not have the word goodbye. The BSB has added this word as implied information. Naomi’s statement in 1:15 makes it clear that Orpah is taking her leave.

Here is another way to translate this verse part:

Then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law Naomi good-bye (NCV)

Then Orpah said farewell/goodbye to her mother-in-law

1:14c

but Ruth clung to her.

but Ruth clung to her: The Hebrew conjunction that the BSB translates as but introduces a contrast between what Orpah decided to do and what Ruth decided to do.

Ruth clung to her: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as clung means “hold onto something tightly.” Ruth may have taken hold of Naomi’s arm or put her arms around her and held her close, indicating she wanted to stay with her.

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

but Ruth held onto her tightly (NCV)

But Ruth stayed with her. (NJB)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קוֹלָ֔⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה

and,they_raised voice_of,their and,they_wept

Here, they lifted up their voices is an idiom meaning that they expressed themselves loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Then they wailed and wept loudly]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וְ⁠ר֖וּת דָּ֥בְקָה בָּֽ⁠הּ

and,Ruth clung to,her

This could mean: (1) Ruth refused to leave Naomi. Alternate translation: [but Ruth would not leave her] or (2) Ruth physically held on to Naomi and would not let go of her. Alternate translation: [but Ruth held on to her]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

1:14 Ruth clung tightly to Naomi: The Hebrew verb used here emphasizes the strength of Ruth’s love for her mother-in-law; it is the same word used to describe a man being “joined to” his wife (Gen 2:24) and to describe a person staying faithful to the Lord (Deut 4:4; 10:20; Josh 22:5).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And they raised
    2. Then but
    3. 1987,5228
    5. 179416,179417
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124010
    1. voice of their
    2. -
    3. 7027,1978
    5. 179418,179419
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124011
    1. and they wept
    2. -
    3. 1987,1186
    5. 179420,179421
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124012
    1. again
    2. again
    3. 6104
    5. 179422
    6. S-D
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124013
    1. and
    2. kissed
    3. 1987,5222
    5. 179423,179424
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124014
    1. Orpah
    2. Orpah
    3. 6096
    5. 179425
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Orpah; Y-1308
    10. 124015
    1. she kissed
    2. kissed
    3. 1987,5222
    5. 179423,179424
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124014
    1. (to) mother-in-law of her
    2. her mother-in-law
    3. 3705,2228,1978
    5. 179426,179427,179428
    6. S-R,Ncfsc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124016
    1. and Rūt
    2. Ruth
    3. 1987,7396
    5. 179429,179430
    6. S-C,Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Ruth; Y-1308
    10. 124017
    1. she clung
    2. clung
    3. 1725
    5. 179431
    6. V-Vqp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124018
    1. to her
    2. -
    3. 846,1978
    5. 179432,179433
    6. S-R,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124019

OET (OET-LV) And_they_raised voice_of_their and_they_wept again and_ Orpah _she_kissed (to)_mother-in-law_of_her and_Rūt she_clung to_her.

OET (OET-RV) Then they wailed and cried again, and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law goodbye and left, but Ruth stayed and clung to Naomi.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← RUTH 1:14 ↑ → ► ║ ©