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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 1 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear RUTH 1:19

← RUTH 1:19 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,תֵּלַכְנָה
    2. 179535,179536
    3. And they went
    4. So When and
    5. 3212
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    7. and,they_went
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124087
    1. שְׁתֵּי,הֶם
    2. 179537,179538
    3. the two of of them
    4. two
    5. 8147
    6. S-Acfdc,Sp3mp
    7. the_two_of,of_them
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124088
    1. עַד
    2. 179539
    3. until
    4. until
    5. 5704
    6. S-R
    7. until
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124089
    2. 179540
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124090
    1. בֹּאָ,נָה
    2. 179541,179542
    3. came they
    4. -
    5. 935
    6. VS-Vqc,Sp3fp
    7. came,they
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124091
    1. בֵּית
    2. 179543
    3. Bēyt-
    4. -
    6. S-Np
    7. Beth-
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124092
    1. לָחֶם
    2. 179544
    3. leḩem
    4. -
    5. 1035
    6. S-Np
    7. -lehem
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124093
    1. וַ,יְהִי
    2. 179545,179546
    3. and he/it was
    4. -
    5. 1961
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    7. and=he/it_was
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124094
    1. כְּ,בֹאָ,נָה
    2. 179547,179548,179549
    3. just as they came
    4. -
    5. 935
    6. VS-R,Vqc,Sp3fp
    7. just,as,they_came
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124095
    1. בֵּית
    2. 179550
    3. Bēyt-
    4. -
    6. S-Np
    7. Beth-
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124096
    1. לֶחֶם
    2. 179551
    3. leḩem
    4. -
    5. 1035
    6. S-Np
    7. -lehem
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124097
    1. וַ,תֵּהֹם
    2. 179552,179553
    3. and it was stirred
    4. -
    5. 1949
    6. SV-C,VNw3fs
    7. and,it_was_stirred
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124098
    1. כָּל
    2. 179554
    3. all of
    4. -
    5. 3605
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. all_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124099
    2. 179555
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124100
    1. הָ,עִיר
    2. 179556,179557
    3. the city
    4. town
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    7. the=city
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124101
    1. עֲלֵי,הֶן
    2. 179558,179559
    3. on them
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3fp
    7. on,them
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124102
    1. וַ,תֹּאמַרְנָה
    2. 179560,179561
    3. and they(f) said
    4. -
    5. 559
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    7. and,they_[fem]_said
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124103
    1. הֲ,זֹאת
    2. 179562,179563
    3. +is this
    4. -
    5. 2063
    6. S-Ti,Pdxfs
    7. [is],this?
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124104
    1. נָעֳמִי
    2. 179564
    3. Nāˊₒmī
    4. Naomi
    5. 5281
    6. P-Np
    7. Naomi
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi; Y-1308
    10. 124105
    2. 179565
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124106

OET (OET-LV) And_they_went the_two_of_of_them until came_they Bēyt- leḩem and_he/it_was just_as_they_came Bēyt- leḩem and_ all_of _it_was_stirred the_city on_them and_they(f)_said is_this Nāˊₒmī.

OET (OET-RV) So the two of them travelled on until they reached Beyt-Lehem (Bethlehem). When they entered Beyt-Lehem, the whole town was curious about them, and the women began asking, “Is that Naomi?”

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:6–22: Naomi returned to Bethlehem with Ruth

This section talks about the next main event of the story, which is Naomi’s return to Bethlehem, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, Ruth.

Many scholars agree that verses 1:7–21 describe this event in detail, and that verse 1:22 is the closing verse of this section, which summarizes the event.

However, scholars do not agree about the function of verse 1:6. Some scholars believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. It says that Naomi arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and returned from the region of Moab. Thus, this section begins and ends with a summary description of the main event.NICOT (pages 99–100 ): The common Hebrew idiom qûm plus a verb of motion (šûḇ) also signals the start of the story’s main action: Then she…returned. Structurally, the idiom is a summary-introduction to the following events (vv. 7–21) and forms an inclusio with the chapter’s summary-conclusion (cf. wattāšāḇ, v. 22). Further, it sounds the chapter’s main theme, namely, the return of Naomi.

Some other scholars do not believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. Rather 1:6 describes the first part of the action. It says that she arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and prepared to return from the region of Moab.

The majority of versions follow the second suggestion. However, the first suggestion follows a pattern that is also in some other Hebrew narratives. An event is introduced by a summary statement, and the verses after it describe that event in detail.For example: Genesis 1:1 introduces the creation account of 1:2–31. Genesis 6:7 introduces the flood account of Genesis 6–9. Ruth 1:1–2 introduces the first section in Ruth 1:3–5. See the Note on 1:6b for more information.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Naomi and Ruth Return to Bethlehem (NIV)

Naomi and Ruth Return (NLT)

Departure from Moab (GW)

1:19a

So Naomi and Ruth traveled until they came to Bethlehem.

So: The Hebrew conjunction that the BSB translates as So introduces the next event in the story. Introduce the next event in a way that is natural in your language.

Naomi and Ruth traveled until they came to Bethlehem: In Hebrew, this clause is more literally “they went on the two of them until they came to Bethlehem.”

If your language uses dual forms, you could use them here.

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

So the two women went on until they came to Bethlehem. (NET)

They went on until they came to Bethlehem. (GNT)

Naomi and Ruth travelled together to Bethlehem. (EASY)

1:19b

When they entered Bethlehem, the whole city was stirred because of them,

When they entered Bethlehem: This clause links the previous sentence with the event that happened next.

the whole city was stirred because of them: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as stirred means “excited” or “agitated.” All the people of the town were very surprised to see Naomi return home after many years away.

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

the entire town was excited by their arrival (NLT)

When they entered Bethlehem, all the people became very excited. (NCV)

1:19c

and the women of the city exclaimed, “Can this be Naomi?”

and: The Hebrew conjunction that the BSB translates as and introduces the next event.

the women of the city exclaimed: Here are some other ways to translate this:

The women who lived there asked (NCV)

and the women said (NRSV)

Can this be Naomi?: This is a rhetorical question. It expresses surprise. The women were surprised that Naomi had come back after she had been gone for many years. There are at least three ways to translate this question to express surprise.

Some languages may have an idiom or phrase that expresses surprise. For example:

How on earth can this be Naomi?

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-newevent

וַ⁠יְהִ֗י

and=he/it_was

And it happened introduces a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: [And it came about]

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-time-background

כְּ⁠בֹאָ֨⁠נָה֙ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם

just,as,they_came house_of food/grain/bread

This phrase provides background information about their arrival to help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information. Alternate translation: [while Naomi and Ruth were still walking into Bethlehem]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

כָּל־הָ⁠עִיר֙

all/each/any/every the=city

Here, town represents the people who live there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [everyone who lived there]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole

כָּל־הָ⁠עִיר֙

all/each/any/every the=city

The word entire here is a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Many of the residents of the town were excited, but not all of the residents may have been excited by this news. Alternate translation: [most of the residents]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

הֲ⁠זֹ֥את נָעֳמִֽי

[is],this? Nāˊₒmī

The writer is using a rhetorical question to emphasize the reaction of the people to Naomi’s condition upon her return. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Because it had been many years since Naomi lived in Bethlehem and now she no longer has her husband and two sons, it is likely that the women were expressing shock that this woman was actually Naomi. Alternate translation: [This must be Naomi, but I do not see her family!]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And they went
    2. So When and
    3. 1987,1984
    5. 179535,179536
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124087
    1. the two of of them
    2. two
    3. 7502,1978
    5. 179537,179538
    6. S-Acfdc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124088
    1. until
    2. until
    3. 5798
    5. 179539
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124089
    1. came they
    2. -
    3. 1274,1978
    5. 179541,179542
    6. VS-Vqc,Sp3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124091
    1. Bēyt-
    2. -
    3. 1009
    5. 179543
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124092
    1. leḩem
    2. -
    3. 1009
    5. 179544
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124093
    1. and he/it was
    2. -
    3. 1987,1929
    5. 179545,179546
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124094
    1. just as they came
    2. -
    3. 3418,1274,1978
    5. 179547,179548,179549
    6. VS-R,Vqc,Sp3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124095
    1. Bēyt-
    2. -
    3. 1009
    5. 179550
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124096
    1. leḩem
    2. -
    3. 1009
    5. 179551
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124097
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 1987,1979
    5. 179552,179553
    6. SV-C,VNw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124098
    1. all of
    2. -
    3. 3671
    5. 179554
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124099
    1. it was stirred
    2. -
    3. 1987,1979
    5. 179552,179553
    6. SV-C,VNw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124098
    1. the city
    2. town
    3. 1893,5667
    5. 179556,179557
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124101
    1. on them
    2. -
    3. 5837,1978
    5. 179558,179559
    6. S-R,Sp3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124102
    1. and they(f) said
    2. -
    3. 1987,683
    5. 179560,179561
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124103
    1. +is this
    2. -
    3. 1820,2146
    5. 179562,179563
    6. S-Ti,Pdxfs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124104
    1. Nāˊₒmī
    2. Naomi
    3. 5263
    5. 179564
    6. P-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi; Y-1308
    10. 124105

OET (OET-LV) And_they_went the_two_of_of_them until came_they Bēyt- leḩem and_he/it_was just_as_they_came Bēyt- leḩem and_ all_of _it_was_stirred the_city on_them and_they(f)_said is_this Nāˊₒmī.

OET (OET-RV) So the two of them travelled on until they reached Beyt-Lehem (Bethlehem). When they entered Beyt-Lehem, the whole town was curious about them, and the women began asking, “Is that Naomi?”

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← RUTH 1:19 ↑ → ► ║ ©