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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 1 V1 V2 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear RUTH 1:3

← RUTH 1:3 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,יָּמָת
    2. 179143,179144
    3. And he/it died
    4. Then died and
    5. 4191
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    7. and=he/it_died
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 123825
    1. אֱלִימֶלֶךְ
    2. 179145
    3. ʼElīmelek
    4. Elimelek
    5. 458
    6. S-Np
    7. Elimelech
    8. -
    9. Person=Elimelech
    10. 123826
    1. אִישׁ
    2. 179146
    3. the husband of
    4. husband
    5. 376
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. the_husband_of
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123827
    1. נָעֳמִי
    2. 179147
    3. Nāˊₒmī
    4. Naomi's
    5. 5281
    6. S-Np
    7. of_Naomi
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi
    10. 123828
    1. וַ,תִּשָּׁאֵר
    2. 179148,179149
    3. and she was left
    4. -
    5. 7604
    6. SV-C,VNw3fs
    7. and,she_was_left
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123829
    1. הִיא
    2. 179150
    3. she
    4. she
    5. 1931
    6. S-Pp3fs
    7. she
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123830
    1. וּ,שְׁנֵי
    2. 179151,179152
    3. and the two of
    4. two
    5. 8147
    6. S-C,Acmdc
    7. and,the_two_of
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123831
    1. בָנֶֽי,הָ
    2. 179153,179154
    3. sons of her
    4. her sons
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3fs
    7. sons_of,her
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123832
    2. 179155
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123833

OET (OET-LV) And_ ʼElīmelek _he/it_died the_husband_of Nāˊₒmī and_she_was_left she and_the_two_of sons_of_her.

OET (OET-RV) Then Naomi’s husband Elimelek died, and she was left with her two sons.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:1–5: Elimelech and his family went to Moab, where he and his two sons died

A note on the spelling of Elimelech. Most versions, like the BSB spell the name as Elimelech. The NIV (2011) spells the name with a final k (Elimelek). The Notes will follow the spelling used by any quoted versions.

This section contains the first main event of the story. An Israelite named Elimelech moved to the neighboring country of Moab with his wife, Naomi, and their two sons because there was famine in Israel. Elimelech died in Moab. His two sons later married women from Moab, Ruth and Orpah. Both of the sons then also died.

This section has two paragraphs:

Paragraph 1:1–2 gives an introduction. Verse 1 gives the setting of the story and introduces the main characters in this event.

Paragraph 1:3–5 describes the event in detail. Verse 1:5b summarizes the section that refers to Naomi but does not use her name.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Naomi Loses Her Husband and Sons (NIV)

Naomi Widowed (ESV)

Elimelech and His Family Move to Moab (GNT)

The Move to Moab and Tragedy (GW)

It is important to translate this book in a way that indicates the story is true. Follow a natural way that storytellers in your language use to tell true events.

Paragraph 1:3–5

This paragraph gives the details of Naomi’s situation. After Elimelech and his family went to Moab, Naomi’s husband and her two sons died. She became a widow with no male family members to provide for her and protect her. This crisis is the main problem of the story. The rest of the story tells how this crisis is resolved.

1:3a

Then Naomi’s husband Elimelech died,

Then Naomi’s husband Elimelech died: Here are some ways to indicate the connection of this clause to the previous clause. Any of these options is acceptable:

This clause refers to Elimelech as Naomi’s husband. In Hebrew, it is unusual to refer to a man in relation to a woman. However, by referring to Elimelech as Naomi’s husband, the author is giving attention to Naomi as the main character of this part of the story.

It is recommended that you translate this clause in a natural way in your language to indicate that Naomi is now the main character in the story. Here are two examples:

1:3b

and she was left with her two sons,

and she was left with her two sons: Here are some ways to indicate the connection of this clause to the previous clause. Either of these options is acceptable:

The Hebrew verb that the BSB translates as was left means “left behind.”TWOT #2307. In this clause, the word refers to Naomi losing her husband. She needed to care for her two sons alone, as a single mother.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

Naomi was left a widow with her two sons. (REB)

Naomi no longer had a husband, only her two sons.Suggested by UBS (page 8).

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

וַ⁠תִּשָּׁאֵ֥ר הִ֖יא וּ⁠שְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽי⁠הָ

and,she_was_left she/it and,the_two_of sons_of,her

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [Naomi and her two sons remained in Moab without him]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And
    2. Then died and
    3. 1987,4867
    5. 179143,179144
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 123825
    1. ʼElīmelek
    2. Elimelek
    3. 21
    5. 179145
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Elimelech
    10. 123826
    1. he/it died
    2. Then died and
    3. 1987,4867
    5. 179143,179144
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 123825
    1. the husband of
    2. husband
    3. 266
    5. 179146
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123827
    1. Nāˊₒmī
    2. Naomi's
    3. 5263
    5. 179147
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi
    10. 123828
    1. and she was left
    2. -
    3. 1987,7759
    5. 179148,179149
    6. SV-C,VNw3fs
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123829
    1. she
    2. she
    3. 1855
    5. 179150
    6. S-Pp3fs
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123830
    1. and the two of
    2. two
    3. 1987,7502
    5. 179151,179152
    6. S-C,Acmdc
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123831
    1. sons of her
    2. her sons
    3. 1043,1978
    5. 179153,179154
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123832

OET (OET-LV) And_ ʼElīmelek _he/it_died the_husband_of Nāˊₒmī and_she_was_left she and_the_two_of sons_of_her.

OET (OET-RV) Then Naomi’s husband Elimelek died, and she was left with her two sons.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← RUTH 1:3 ↑ → ► ║ ©