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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 1 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear RUTH 1:15

← RUTH 1:15 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,תֹּאמֶר
    2. 179435,179436
    3. And she/it said
    4. said and
    5. 559
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and=she/it_said
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124021
    1. הִנֵּה
    2. 179437
    3. there
    4. -
    5. 2009
    6. S-Tm
    7. there!
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124022
    1. שָׁבָה
    2. 179438
    3. she has returned
    4. -
    5. 7725
    6. V-Vqp3fs
    7. she_has_returned
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124023
    1. יְבִמְתֵּ,ךְ
    2. 179439,179440
    3. sister-in-law of your
    4. -
    5. 2994
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp2fs
    7. sister-in-law_of,your
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124024
    1. אֶל
    2. 179441
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 413
    6. S-R
    7. to
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124025
    2. 179442
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124026
    1. עַמָּ,הּ
    2. 179443,179444
    3. people of her
    4. -
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    7. people_of,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124027
    1. וְ,אֶל
    2. 179445,179446
    3. and near/to
    4. -
    5. 413
    6. S-C,R
    7. and=near/to
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124028
    2. 179447
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124029
    1. אֱלֹהֶי,הָ
    2. 179448,179449
    3. gods of her
    4. -
    5. 430
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3fs
    7. gods_of,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124030
    1. שׁוּבִי
    2. 179450
    3. go back
    4. -
    5. 7725
    6. V-Vqv2fs
    7. go_back
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124031
    1. אַחֲרֵי
    2. 179451
    3. after
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. after
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124032
    1. יְבִמְתֵּ,ךְ
    2. 179452,179453
    3. sister-in-law of your
    4. -
    5. 2994
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp2fs
    7. sister-in-law_of,your
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124033
    2. 179454
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124034

OET (OET-LV) And_she/it_said there she_has_returned sister-in-law_of_your to people_of_her and_near/to gods_of_her go_back after sister-in-law_of_your.

OET (OET-RV) Naomi said, “Look, your sister-in-law is going back to her parents and to her religion. Go back with her.”

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:6–22: Naomi returned to Bethlehem with Ruth

This section talks about the next main event of the story, which is Naomi’s return to Bethlehem, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, Ruth.

Many scholars agree that verses 1:7–21 describe this event in detail, and that verse 1:22 is the closing verse of this section, which summarizes the event.

However, scholars do not agree about the function of verse 1:6. Some scholars believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. It says that Naomi arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and returned from the region of Moab. Thus, this section begins and ends with a summary description of the main event.NICOT (pages 99–100 ): The common Hebrew idiom qûm plus a verb of motion (šûḇ) also signals the start of the story’s main action: Then she…returned. Structurally, the idiom is a summary-introduction to the following events (vv. 7–21) and forms an inclusio with the chapter’s summary-conclusion (cf. wattāšāḇ, v. 22). Further, it sounds the chapter’s main theme, namely, the return of Naomi.

Some other scholars do not believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. Rather 1:6 describes the first part of the action. It says that she arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and prepared to return from the region of Moab.

The majority of versions follow the second suggestion. However, the first suggestion follows a pattern that is also in some other Hebrew narratives. An event is introduced by a summary statement, and the verses after it describe that event in detail.For example: Genesis 1:1 introduces the creation account of 1:2–31. Genesis 6:7 introduces the flood account of Genesis 6–9. Ruth 1:1–2 introduces the first section in Ruth 1:3–5. See the Note on 1:6b for more information.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Naomi and Ruth Return to Bethlehem (NIV)

Naomi and Ruth Return (NLT)

Departure from Moab (GW)

1:15a

“Look,” said Naomi, “your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and her gods;

“Look,” said Naomi: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as Look attracts attention to what the speaker will say next. Use a term in your language that calls for attention.

Here is another way to translate this word:

Listen!

said Naomi: The Hebrew clause that the BSB translates as said Naomi is more literally “And she said.” It begins the sentence. The BSB has placed these words in the middle of the sentence. You should put these words wherever they will be natural in your language.

Here is an example of the Hebrew order:

Naomi said to Ruth, “Look… (NCV)

your sister-in-law: The term sister-in-law means “the wife of your husband’s brother.” It refers to Orpah.

has gone back to her people and her gods: The Hebrew verb that the BSB translates as has gone back indicates a completed action. However, Orpah had not completed her journey back home. In some languages, it will be more natural to use a verb form that indicates that Orpah was in the process of returning home. This is why some versions translate this as “is going back.” For example:

your sister-in-law is going back (NIV)

her people: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as her people could mean “her family,” “her clan,” or “her nation.” Use a word that refers to a wide kinship group. This word was used in 1:10. You should translate it the same way in both places.

her gods: There are two ways to interpret the Hebrew word that the BSB translates as gods:

  1. It is plural. It means “gods.” For example:

    back to her people and to her gods (NRSV) (BSB, CEV, ESV, GW, KJV, NASB, NCV, NIV, NJPS, NLT, NRSV)

  2. It is singular. It means “god.” For example:

    back to her people and to her god (NJB) (GNT, NABRE, NET, NJB, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with most versions and commentaries.UBS, NICOT (page 116), WBC (page 82).

The words her gods refer to the gods that Orpah’s family worshiped in Moab.

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

Naomi said, “Look, your sister-in-law is going back to her own people and her own gods.” (NCV)

Naomi said to Ruth, “Look! Orpah is returning to her clan and to the gods they worship.”

1:15b

follow her back home.”

follow her back home: Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

Go back with her (NIV)

You should do the same. (NLT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

הִנֵּה֙

see/lo/see!

Naomi is using the term Behold to focus Ruth’s attention on what she is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: [Listen] or You know”

Note 2 topic: writing-participants

יְבִמְתֵּ֔⁠ךְ

sister-in-law_of,your

Naomi is using the phrase your sister-in-law to refer to Orpah, the widow of Ruth’s deceased husband’s brother. Use the natural term in your language to refer to that relationship. Alternate translation: [the widow of your husband’s brother] or [Orpah]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

עַמָּ֖⁠הּ

people_of,her

Here, Naomi is using the possessive form to describe the people to whom Orpah belongs. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could express this in another way. Alternate translation: [the clan that she came from]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

אֱלֹהֶ֑י⁠הָ

gods_of,her

Here, Naomi is using the possessive form to describe the god of the Moabites that Orpah and Ruth used to worship before they married Naomi’s sons and began to worship Yahweh. If your language would not use the possessive form to express the relationship between Orpah and this god, you could express this in another way. Alternate translation: [the god that they worship]

Note 5 topic: translate-plural

אֱלֹהֶ֑י⁠הָ

gods_of,her

The word translated here as god is plural, but Hebrew quite commonly uses the plural when referring to a deity. Here it probably refers to the god of the Moabites named Chemosh, as it does in 1 Kings 11:33. If the Bible commonly used in your area uses a plural here, you may choose to do so too. Alternate translation: [her gods]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And she/it said
    2. said and
    3. 1987,683
    5. 179435,179436
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124021
    1. there
    2. -
    3. 1861
    5. 179437
    6. S-Tm
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124022
    1. she has returned
    2. -
    3. 7951
    5. 179438
    6. V-Vqp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124023
    1. sister-in-law of your
    2. -
    3. 2878,1978
    5. 179439,179440
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp2fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124024
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 369
    5. 179441
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124025
    1. people of her
    2. -
    3. 5847,1978
    5. 179443,179444
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124027
    1. and near/to
    2. -
    3. 1987,369
    5. 179445,179446
    6. S-C,R
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124028
    1. gods of her
    2. -
    3. 38,1978
    5. 179448,179449
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124030
    1. go back
    2. -
    3. 7951
    5. 179450
    6. V-Vqv2fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124031
    1. after
    2. -
    3. 496
    5. 179451
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124032
    1. sister-in-law of your
    2. -
    3. 2878,1978
    5. 179452,179453
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp2fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124033

OET (OET-LV) And_she/it_said there she_has_returned sister-in-law_of_your to people_of_her and_near/to gods_of_her go_back after sister-in-law_of_your.

OET (OET-RV) Naomi said, “Look, your sister-in-law is going back to her parents and to her religion. Go back with her.”

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← RUTH 1:15 ↑ → ► ║ ©