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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 1 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21

OET interlinear RUTH 1:22

← RUTH 1:22 ↓ ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,תָּשָׁב
    2. 179615,179616
    3. And she returned
    4. returned and
    5. 7725
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and,she_returned
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124143
    1. נָעֳמִי
    2. 179617
    3. Nāˊₒmī
    4. Naomi
    5. 5281
    6. S-Np
    7. Naomi
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi; Y-1308
    10. 124144
    1. וְ,רוּת
    2. 179618,179619
    3. and Rūt
    4. Ruth
    5. 7327
    6. S-C,Np
    7. and,Ruth
    8. -
    9. Person=Ruth; Y-1308
    10. 124145
    1. הַ,מּוֹאֲבִיָּה
    2. 179620,179621
    3. the Mōʼāⱱite woman
    4. -
    5. 4125
    6. S-Td,Ngfsa
    7. the_Moabite,[woman]
    8. -
    9. Person=Moab; Location=Moab; Y-1308
    10. 124146
    1. כַלָּתָ,הּ
    2. 179622,179623
    3. daughter-in-law of her
    4. her daughter-in-law
    5. 3618
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3fs
    7. daughter-in-law_of,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124147
    1. עִמָּ,הּ
    2. 179624,179625
    3. with her/it
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3fs
    7. with=her/it
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124148
    1. הַ,שָּׁבָה
    2. 179626,179627
    3. who she returned
    4. -
    5. 7725
    6. SV-Td,Vqp3fs
    7. who,she_returned
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124149
    1. מִ,שְּׂדֵי
    2. 179628,179629
    3. from the region(s) of
    4. -
    6. S-R,Ncmpc
    7. from,the_region(s)_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124150
    1. מוֹאָב
    2. 179630
    3. Mōʼāⱱ
    4. -
    5. 4124
    6. S-Np
    7. of_Moab
    8. -
    9. Person=Moab; Location=Moab; Y-1308
    10. 124151
    1. וְ,הֵמָּה
    2. 179631,179632
    3. and they
    4. -
    5. 1992
    6. S-C,Pp3mp
    7. and,they
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124152
    1. בָּאוּ
    2. 179633
    3. they came
    4. -
    5. 935
    6. V-Vqp3cp
    7. they_came
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124153
    1. בֵּית
    2. 179634
    3. Bēyt-
    4. -
    6. S-Np
    7. Beth-
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124154
    1. לֶחֶם
    2. 179635
    3. leḩem
    4. -
    5. 1035
    6. S-Np
    7. -lehem
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124155
    1. בִּ,תְחִלַּת
    2. 179636,179637
    3. at +the beginning of
    4. with at
    5. 8462
    6. S-R,Ncfsc
    7. at_[the],beginning_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124156
    1. קְצִיר
    2. 179638
    3. +the harvest of
    4. harvest
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. of_[the]_harvest_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124157
    1. שְׂעֹרִים
    2. 179639
    3. barley(s)
    4. barley
    5. 8184
    6. S-Ncfpa
    7. barley(s)
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124158
    2. 179640
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124159

OET (OET-LV) And_ Nāˊₒmī _she_returned and_Rūt the_Mōʼāⱱite_woman daughter-in-law_of_her with_her/it who_she_returned from_the_region(s)_of Mōʼāⱱ and_they they_came Bēyt- leḩem at_the_beginning_of the_harvest_of barley(s).

OET (OET-RV) And so Naomi had returned to Yisrael (Israel), along with her daughter-in-law, Ruth the Moabitess, and they arrived there in Beyt-Lehem at the start of the barley harvest.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:6–22: Naomi returned to Bethlehem with Ruth

This section talks about the next main event of the story, which is Naomi’s return to Bethlehem, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, Ruth.

Many scholars agree that verses 1:7–21 describe this event in detail, and that verse 1:22 is the closing verse of this section, which summarizes the event.

However, scholars do not agree about the function of verse 1:6. Some scholars believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. It says that Naomi arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and returned from the region of Moab. Thus, this section begins and ends with a summary description of the main event.NICOT (pages 99–100 ): The common Hebrew idiom qûm plus a verb of motion (šûḇ) also signals the start of the story’s main action: Then she…returned. Structurally, the idiom is a summary-introduction to the following events (vv. 7–21) and forms an inclusio with the chapter’s summary-conclusion (cf. wattāšāḇ, v. 22). Further, it sounds the chapter’s main theme, namely, the return of Naomi.

Some other scholars do not believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. Rather 1:6 describes the first part of the action. It says that she arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and prepared to return from the region of Moab.

The majority of versions follow the second suggestion. However, the first suggestion follows a pattern that is also in some other Hebrew narratives. An event is introduced by a summary statement, and the verses after it describe that event in detail.For example: Genesis 1:1 introduces the creation account of 1:2–31. Genesis 6:7 introduces the flood account of Genesis 6–9. Ruth 1:1–2 introduces the first section in Ruth 1:3–5. See the Note on 1:6b for more information.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Naomi and Ruth Return to Bethlehem (NIV)

Naomi and Ruth Return (NLT)

Departure from Moab (GW)

1:22a

So Naomi returned from the land of Moab with her daughter-in-law Ruth the Moabitess.

So: The Hebrew conjunction that the BSB translates as So indicates that what follows is a summary. This clause summarizes verses 6 through 21 and sets the scene for the next part of the story. Introduce this summary in a natural way in your language.

Naomi returned from the land of Moab with her daughter-in-law Ruth the Moabitess:

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

So Naomi came back from the territory of Moab with her daughter-in-law Ruth the Moabitess. (CSB)

This, then, was how Naomi came back from Moab with Ruth, her Moabite daughter-in-law. (GNT)

1:22b

And they arrived in Bethlehem at the beginning of the barley harvest.

And they arrived in Bethlehem at the beginning of the barley harvest: The Hebrew text begins a new sentence here. This may be more natural in many languages. For example:

When they arrived in Bethlehem, the barley harvest was just beginning. (GNT)

barley harvest: The barley harvest was in late April or early May. Barley is a grain, like rice, corn, or millet. The grains grow in a cluster at the top of a thin stalk. People use the stalks and the grains as animal food, and they grind the barley grains into flour and make bread.If you have translated any of the following books, you should check these references to see how you translated “barley” there: John 6:9, Exodus 9:31, Judges 7:13.

If people in your culture are not familiar with barley, here are some ways you can translate it:

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

They arrived in Bethlehem in late spring, at the beginning of the barley harvest. (NLT)

The barley harvest was just beginning when Naomi and Ruth, her Moabite daughter-in-law, arrived in Bethlehem. (CEV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-endofstory

וַ⁠תָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְ⁠ר֨וּת הַ⁠מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה כַלָּתָ⁠הּ֙ עִמָּ֔⁠הּ הַ⁠שָּׁ֖בָה מִ⁠שְּׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֑ב

and,she_returned Nāˊₒmī and,Ruth the_Moabite,[woman] daughter-in-law_of,her with=her/it who,she_returned from,the_region(s)_of Mōʼāⱱ

This sentence provides a brief summary and conclusion of the story so far. It does not provide new information or new events in the story. Your language may have its own way of showing that this is the end of a section of a story. Follow that way here.

Note 2 topic: writing-background

וְ⁠הֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּ⁠תְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים

and,they they_went house_of food/grain/bread at_[the],beginning_of harvest_of barley

This sentence provides background information to help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

בִּ⁠תְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים

at_[the],beginning_of harvest_of barley

The phrase the harvest of barley can be translated with a verbal phrase if that would be helpful in your language. Alternate translation: [when the farmers were just beginning to harvest barley] or [when the farmers started harvesting the barley]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And
    2. returned and
    3. 1987,7951
    5. 179615,179616
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124143
    1. Nāˊₒmī
    2. Naomi
    3. 5263
    5. 179617
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi; Y-1308
    10. 124144
    1. she returned
    2. returned and
    3. 1987,7951
    5. 179615,179616
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124143
    1. and Rūt
    2. Ruth
    3. 1987,7396
    5. 179618,179619
    6. S-C,Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Ruth; Y-1308
    10. 124145
    1. the Mōʼāⱱite woman
    2. -
    3. 1893,4816
    5. 179620,179621
    6. S-Td,Ngfsa
    8. -
    9. Person=Moab; Location=Moab; Y-1308
    10. 124146
    1. daughter-in-law of her
    2. her daughter-in-law
    3. 3561,1978
    5. 179622,179623
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124147
    1. with her/it
    2. -
    3. 5681,1978
    5. 179624,179625
    6. S-R,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124148
    1. who she returned
    2. -
    3. 1893,7951
    5. 179626,179627
    6. SV-Td,Vqp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124149
    1. from the region(s) of
    2. -
    3. 4129,8079
    5. 179628,179629
    6. S-R,Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124150
    1. Mōʼāⱱ
    2. -
    3. 4815
    5. 179630
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Moab; Location=Moab; Y-1308
    10. 124151
    1. and they
    2. -
    3. 1987,1877
    5. 179631,179632
    6. S-C,Pp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124152
    1. they came
    2. -
    3. 1274
    5. 179633
    6. V-Vqp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124153
    1. Bēyt-
    2. -
    3. 1009
    5. 179634
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124154
    1. leḩem
    2. -
    3. 1009
    5. 179635
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124155
    1. at +the beginning of
    2. with at
    3. 846,8165
    5. 179636,179637
    6. S-R,Ncfsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124156
    1. +the harvest of
    2. harvest
    3. 6970
    5. 179638
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124157
    1. barley(s)
    2. barley
    3. 8012
    5. 179639
    6. S-Ncfpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124158

OET (OET-LV) And_ Nāˊₒmī _she_returned and_Rūt the_Mōʼāⱱite_woman daughter-in-law_of_her with_her/it who_she_returned from_the_region(s)_of Mōʼāⱱ and_they they_came Bēyt- leḩem at_the_beginning_of the_harvest_of barley(s).

OET (OET-RV) And so Naomi had returned to Yisrael (Israel), along with her daughter-in-law, Ruth the Moabitess, and they arrived there in Beyt-Lehem at the start of the barley harvest.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← RUTH 1:22 ↑ ► ║ ©