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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 1 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear RUTH 1:9

← RUTH 1:9 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. יִתֵּן
    2. 179289
    3. May he give
    4. -
    5. 5414
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    7. may_he_give
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123922
    1. יְהוָה
    2. 179290
    3. YHWH
    4. Yahweh
    5. 3068
    6. S-Np
    7. Yahweh
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-1308
    10. 123923
    1. לָ,כֶם
    2. 179291,179292
    3. to/for you(pl)
    4. you
    6. S-R,Sp2mp
    7. to/for=you(pl)
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123924
    1. וּ,מְצֶאןָ
    2. 179293,179294
    3. and find
    4. -
    5. 4672
    6. SV-C,Vqv2fp
    7. and,find
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123925
    1. מְנוּחָה
    2. 179295
    3. rest
    4. -
    5. 4496
    6. O-Ncbsa
    7. rest
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123926
    1. אִשָּׁה
    2. 179296
    3. each woman
    4. -
    5. 802
    6. S-Ncfsa
    7. [each]_woman
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123927
    1. בֵּית
    2. 179297
    3. the house of
    4. -
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. the_house_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123928
    1. אִישָׁ,הּ
    2. 179298,179299
    3. her/its husband/man
    4. husbands
    5. 376
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    7. her/its=husband/man
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123929
    1. וַ,תִּשַּׁק
    2. 179300,179301
    3. and she kissed
    4. she kissed
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and,she_kissed
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123930
    1. לָ,הֶן
    2. 179302,179303
    3. (to) them
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3fp
    7. (to),them
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123931
    1. וַ,תִּשֶּׂאנָה
    2. 179304,179305
    3. and they raised
    4. -
    5. 5375
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    7. and,they_raised
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123932
    1. קוֹלָ,ן
    2. 179306,179307
    3. voice of their
    4. -
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3fp
    7. voice_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123933
    1. וַ,תִּבְכֶּֽינָה
    2. 179308,179309
    3. and they wept
    4. -
    5. 1058
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    7. and,they_wept
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123934
    2. 179310
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 123935

OET (OET-LV) YHWH May_he_give to/for_you(pl) and_find rest each_woman the_house_of her/its_husband/man and_she_kissed (to)_them and_they_raised voice_of_their and_they_wept.

OET (OET-RV) May Yahweh enable both of you to find new husbands and find peace and happiness in your new homes with them.”
¶ Then she kissed them as they all wept aloud.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:6–22: Naomi returned to Bethlehem with Ruth

This section talks about the next main event of the story, which is Naomi’s return to Bethlehem, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, Ruth.

Many scholars agree that verses 1:7–21 describe this event in detail, and that verse 1:22 is the closing verse of this section, which summarizes the event.

However, scholars do not agree about the function of verse 1:6. Some scholars believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. It says that Naomi arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and returned from the region of Moab. Thus, this section begins and ends with a summary description of the main event.NICOT (pages 99–100 ): The common Hebrew idiom qûm plus a verb of motion (šûḇ) also signals the start of the story’s main action: Then she…returned. Structurally, the idiom is a summary-introduction to the following events (vv. 7–21) and forms an inclusio with the chapter’s summary-conclusion (cf. wattāšāḇ, v. 22). Further, it sounds the chapter’s main theme, namely, the return of Naomi.

Some other scholars do not believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. Rather 1:6 describes the first part of the action. It says that she arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and prepared to return from the region of Moab.

The majority of versions follow the second suggestion. However, the first suggestion follows a pattern that is also in some other Hebrew narratives. An event is introduced by a summary statement, and the verses after it describe that event in detail.For example: Genesis 1:1 introduces the creation account of 1:2–31. Genesis 6:7 introduces the flood account of Genesis 6–9. Ruth 1:1–2 introduces the first section in Ruth 1:3–5. See the Note on 1:6b for more information.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Naomi and Ruth Return to Bethlehem (NIV)

Naomi and Ruth Return (NLT)

Departure from Moab (GW)

1:9a

May the LORD enable each of you to find rest in the home of your new husband.”

May the LORD enable each of you to find rest: This clause is a continuation of the blessing from 1:8b. The clause is more literally “May Yahweh give to you and find rest [each] woman.” The syntax is unusual. In Hebrew, the wish/prayer “May Yahweh give to you” has no object. Also, the verb find is a command form. There are two main interpretations of this clause:

  1. The phrase “and find rest” is not a command. Rather, it is the object of the prayer “May Yahweh give to you.” For example:

    May the Lord grant that each of you find security. (NJPS) (BSB, CEV, ESV, GNT, KJV, NABRE, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NJB, NJPS, NLT, NRSV, REB)

  2. The phrase “and find rest” is the consequence of the prayer “May Yahweh give to you.” For example:

    May the Lord repay each of you so that you may find security. (GW) (GW)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with most versions.

May the LORD enable: This phrase is a wish/prayer of Naomi. Here are some other ways to translate it:

May the Lord give (NCV)

May the Lord grant (NIV)

May the Lord bless you (NLT)

And may the Lord make it possible (GNT)

each of you: This phrase makes explicit that Naomi’s wish/prayer is for the benefit of both of her daughters-in-law. For example:

for each of you (GNT)

Some versions leave the phrase each of implied. For example:

May the Lord give you (NCV)

rest: In Hebrew, this word means either “rest” or “resting place.”TWOT #1323f. Here it refers to a situation that is secure and free from anxiety “after wandering, uncertainty, and pain.”NICOT (page 105).

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

that you may each find happiness (NJB)

the security (NET)

in the home of your new husband: This phrase describes the kind of rest that Naomi wants for her daughters-in-law. The best way for a young widow to have security was to marry another husband.

to marry again and have a home (GNT)

with a husband! (NJB)

1:9b

And she kissed them as they wept aloud

And she kissed them as they wept aloud: This clause describes Naomi’s gesture of farewell to her daughters-in-law before they parted ways.

Here are some ways to indicate the connection of 1:9b to the previous clauses. Either of these options is acceptable:

And she kissed them: This clause describes a leave-taking custom. She probably kissed them on both cheeks. This was a proper gesture of farewell in that culture. However, in some cultures, this kind of kiss may be considered to be improper or unusual.

Here are some other ways to translate this gesture:

as they wept aloud: This clause describes what happened when Naomi kissed them goodbye. The phrase wept aloud means that they wept/cried loudly.

There are two ways to interpret the referents of the pronoun they in this clause:

  1. Orpah and Ruth wept aloud. For example:

    but they began weeping loudly, 10and said, ‘No, we shall go back with you…” (NJB) (BSB, CEV, GNT, NABRE, NIV, NJB, NJPS, REB)

  2. All three women wept aloud. For example:

    and they all broke down and wept (NLT) (NLT)

Some versions are ambiguous as to the interpretation that they follow. It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with the majority of versions. Orpah and Ruth were distressed when Naomi kissed them good-bye, so they cried and told Naomi that they wanted to stay with her.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: translate-blessing

יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ

he/it_gave YHWH to/for=you(pl) and,find

Here, Naomi continues her blessing. Use a natural form for a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: [May Yahweh give you] or [I pray that Yahweh will allow you to have]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ מְנוּחָ֔ה

and,find rest

The word rest here does not refer to sitting down to rest. It means a place where these women would belong, a home for them, which would include the security that comes through marriage. Alternate translation: [a safe and stable home]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

בֵּ֣ית אִישָׁ֑⁠הּ

house_of her/its=husband/man

This means with new husbands, not with their previous husbands, who died, or with someone else’s husband. The word house refers to both a physical house that belongs to the husband and to the protection from shame and poverty that a husband provides. Alternate translation: [in her own husband’s household]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֖⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּֽינָה

and,they_raised voice_of,their and,they_wept

To lift up the voice is an idiom for speaking or crying loudly. Alternate translation: [and they cried loudly] or [and they wept bitterly]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

1:9 Naomi here speaks the first of the book’s several blessings.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. YHWH
    2. Yahweh
    3. 3354
    5. 179290
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-1308
    10. 123923
    1. May he give
    2. -
    3. 5233
    5. 179289
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123922
    1. to/for you(pl)
    2. you
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 179291,179292
    6. S-R,Sp2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123924
    1. and find
    2. -
    3. 1987,4733
    5. 179293,179294
    6. SV-C,Vqv2fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123925
    1. rest
    2. -
    3. 3953
    5. 179295
    6. O-Ncbsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123926
    1. each woman
    2. -
    3. 290
    5. 179296
    6. S-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123927
    1. the house of
    2. -
    3. 1094
    5. 179297
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123928
    1. her/its husband/man
    2. husbands
    3. 266,1978
    5. 179298,179299
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123929
    1. and she kissed
    2. she kissed
    3. 1987,5222
    5. 179300,179301
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123930
    1. (to) them
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 179302,179303
    6. S-R,Sp3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123931
    1. and they raised
    2. -
    3. 1987,5228
    5. 179304,179305
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123932
    1. voice of their
    2. -
    3. 7027,1978
    5. 179306,179307
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123933
    1. and they wept
    2. -
    3. 1987,1186
    5. 179308,179309
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 123934

OET (OET-LV) YHWH May_he_give to/for_you(pl) and_find rest each_woman the_house_of her/its_husband/man and_she_kissed (to)_them and_they_raised voice_of_their and_they_wept.

OET (OET-RV) May Yahweh enable both of you to find new husbands and find peace and happiness in your new homes with them.”
¶ Then she kissed them as they all wept aloud.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← RUTH 1:9 ↑ → ► ║ ©