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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 1 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V21 V22

OET interlinear RUTH 1:20

← RUTH 1:20 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,תֹּאמֶר
    2. 179566,179567
    3. And she/it said
    4. But but said
    5. 559
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and=she/it_said
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124107
    1. אֲלֵי,הֶן
    2. 179568,179569
    3. to them
    4. -
    5. 413
    6. S-R,Sp3fp
    7. to,them
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124108
    1. אַל
    2. 179570
    3. do not
    4. -
    5. 408
    6. S-Tn
    7. do_not
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124109
    2. 179571
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124110
    1. תִּקְרֶאנָה
    2. 179572
    3. call
    4. -
    5. 7121
    6. V-Vqj2fp
    7. call
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124111
    1. לִ,י
    2. 179573,179574
    3. to me
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    7. to=me
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124112
    1. נָעֳמִי
    2. 179575
    3. Nāˊₒmī
    4. -
    5. 5281
    6. O-Np
    7. Naomi
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi; Y-1308
    10. 124113
    1. קְרֶאןָ
    2. 179576
    3. call
    4. -
    5. 7121
    6. V-Vqv2fp
    7. call
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124114
    1. לִ,י
    2. 179577,179578
    3. to me
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    7. to=me
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124115
    1. מָרָא
    2. 179579
    3. Mara
    4. -
    5. 4755
    6. O-Np
    7. Mara
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124116
    1. כִּי
    2. 179580
    3. if/because
    4. because
    6. S-C
    7. if/because
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124117
    2. 179581
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124118
    1. הֵמַר
    2. 179582
    3. he has caused bitterness
    4. -
    5. 4843
    6. V-Vhp3ms
    7. he_has_caused_bitterness
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124119
    1. שַׁדַּי
    2. 179583
    3. +the almighty
    4. almighty
    5. 7706
    6. S-Np
    7. [the]_Almighty
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124120
    1. לִ,י
    2. 179584,179585
    3. to me
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    7. to=me
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124121
    1. מְאֹד
    2. 179586
    3. exceedingly
    4. -
    5. 3966
    6. S-D
    7. exceedingly
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124122
    2. 179587
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124123

OET (OET-LV) And_she/it_said to_them do_not call to_me Nāˊₒmī call to_me Mara if/because the_almighty he_has_caused_bitterness to_me exceedingly.

OET (OET-RV) But Naomi told them not to call her ‘Naomi’ (which means ‘pleasant’) but to call her ‘Mara’ (meaning ‘miserable’) because she said, “The almighty God has made my life very miserable.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:6–22: Naomi returned to Bethlehem with Ruth

This section talks about the next main event of the story, which is Naomi’s return to Bethlehem, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, Ruth.

Many scholars agree that verses 1:7–21 describe this event in detail, and that verse 1:22 is the closing verse of this section, which summarizes the event.

However, scholars do not agree about the function of verse 1:6. Some scholars believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. It says that Naomi arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and returned from the region of Moab. Thus, this section begins and ends with a summary description of the main event.NICOT (pages 99–100 ): The common Hebrew idiom qûm plus a verb of motion (šûḇ) also signals the start of the story’s main action: Then she…returned. Structurally, the idiom is a summary-introduction to the following events (vv. 7–21) and forms an inclusio with the chapter’s summary-conclusion (cf. wattāšāḇ, v. 22). Further, it sounds the chapter’s main theme, namely, the return of Naomi.

Some other scholars do not believe that verse 1:6 is a summary introduction. Rather 1:6 describes the first part of the action. It says that she arose (she and her daughters-in-law) and prepared to return from the region of Moab.

The majority of versions follow the second suggestion. However, the first suggestion follows a pattern that is also in some other Hebrew narratives. An event is introduced by a summary statement, and the verses after it describe that event in detail.For example: Genesis 1:1 introduces the creation account of 1:2–31. Genesis 6:7 introduces the flood account of Genesis 6–9. Ruth 1:1–2 introduces the first section in Ruth 1:3–5. See the Note on 1:6b for more information.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Naomi and Ruth Return to Bethlehem (NIV)

Naomi and Ruth Return (NLT)

Departure from Moab (GW)

1:20a

“Do not call me Naomi,” she replied. “Call me Mara,

Do not call me Naomi: The Hebrew name Naomi means “happy, pleasant.” The original readers would have understood that Naomi was telling the women that she was not happy.

she replied: The Hebrew clause that the BSB translates as she replied occurs at the beginning of the sentence. The BSB has placed these words in the middle of the verse for reasons of English style. It may be more natural in your language to put them at the beginning of the sentence. For example:

But she replied to them, “Don’t call me ‘Naomi’! Call me ‘Mara’ (NET)

Call me Mara: The Hebrew name Mara means “bitter.” The original readers would have understood that Naomi was telling the women that now she was bitter and unhappy. This is the same Hebrew word as was used in verse 13. If possible, you should translate it with the same word in both places.

There are two ways to help the readers of your language understand why Naomi said this.

1:20b

because the Almighty has dealt quite bitterly with me.

because: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as because introduces the reason why Naomi wanted the women to call her bitter.

the Almighty has dealt quite bitterly with me: The Hebrew term that the BSB translates as the Almighty is one of the names for God. The exact meaning of this term is uncertain. It probably refers to God’s power.

Here are some other ways to translate this term:

God all powerful (ERV)

God who has all power

Almighty God (GNT)

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

The Mighty One has made my life very bitter. (NIRV)

God All Powerful has made my life very sad. (ICB)

For the All-powerful has brought much trouble to me. (NLV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: translate-names

אַל־תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה לִ֖⁠י נָעֳמִ֑י

not call to=me Nāˊₒmī

The name Naomi means “delight” or “pleasantness.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could include this information in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: [It is no longer appropriate to call me Naomi, the Pleasant One.]

Note 2 topic: translate-names

מָרָ֔א

mara

The name Mara means “bitter.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could include this information in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: [Mara, the Bitter One]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And she/it said
    2. But but said
    3. 1987,683
    5. 179566,179567
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124107
    1. to them
    2. -
    3. 369,1978
    5. 179568,179569
    6. S-R,Sp3fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124108
    1. do not
    2. -
    3. 515
    5. 179570
    6. S-Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124109
    1. call
    2. -
    3. 6994
    5. 179572
    6. V-Vqj2fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124111
    1. to me
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 179573,179574
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124112
    1. Nāˊₒmī
    2. -
    3. 5263
    5. 179575
    6. O-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Naomi; Y-1308
    10. 124113
    1. call
    2. -
    3. 6994
    5. 179576
    6. V-Vqv2fp
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124114
    1. to me
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 179577,179578
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124115
    1. Mara
    2. -
    3. 4582
    5. 179579
    6. O-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124116
    1. if/because
    2. because
    3. 3482
    5. 179580
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124117
    1. +the almighty
    2. almighty
    3. 7694
    5. 179583
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124120
    1. he has caused bitterness
    2. -
    3. 4751
    5. 179582
    6. V-Vhp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124119
    1. to me
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 179584,179585
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124121
    1. exceedingly
    2. -
    3. 3867
    5. 179586
    6. S-D
    8. -
    9. Y-1308
    10. 124122

OET (OET-LV) And_she/it_said to_them do_not call to_me Nāˊₒmī call to_me Mara if/because the_almighty he_has_caused_bitterness to_me exceedingly.

OET (OET-RV) But Naomi told them not to call her ‘Naomi’ (which means ‘pleasant’) but to call her ‘Mara’ (meaning ‘miserable’) because she said, “The almighty God has made my life very miserable.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← RUTH 1:20 ↑ → ► ║ ©