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36:1 Esaw’s descendants
36 These are the descendants of Esaw (who’s also known as Edom): 2 Esaw had married two local women from the Canaan region: Adah (the Hittite Elon’s daughter) and Oholibamah (Anah’s daughter and granddaughter of the Hivite Zibeon)[ref] 3 and Basemat (Yishma’el’s daughter and the sister of Nevayot).[ref]
4 Esaw’s wife Adah gave birth to Elifaz, and Basemat gave birth to Reuel. 5 Oholibamah gave birth to Yeush and Yalam and Korah. Those were Esaw’s sons who were born in the Canaan region.
6 Then Esaw took his wives and his sons and daughters and all his household, and his livestock and all his animals and all his possessions that he had acquired in the Canaan region, and he went to a place far away from his brother Yisra’el, 7 because they had too many possessions for them to remain together, and the land they were staying in wasn’t able to support both of them because of all their livestock. 8 So Esaw (also known as Edom) settled his household in the Se’ir hills.
9 Now these are the following generations of Esaw, the father of the Edomites in the Se’ir hills: 10 Two of Esaw’s sons were Elifaz, who he had with his wife Adah, and Reuel, who he had with his wife Basemat.
11 Elifaz’s sons were Teman, Omar, Zefo and Gatam and Kenaz. 12 Elifaz and his slave-wife Timna had a son they named Amalek. (Elifaz’s sons were all grandsons of Esaw and his wife Adah.) 13 Reuel’s sons were Nahat, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. (They were the grandsons of Esaw and his wife Basemat.) 14 Esaw and his wife Oholibamah had Yeush, Yalam, and Korah. (Oholibamah was the daughter of Anah and the granddaughter of Zibeon.)
15 These were Esaw’s sons who became leaders: the sons of Elifaz (Esaw’s eldest son) which were Chief Teman, Chief Omar, Chief Zefo, Chief Kenaz, 16 Chief Korah, Chief Gatam, Chief Amalek. Those were the chiefs of Elifaz in the Edom region. (They were the grandsons of Esaw and his wife Adah.)
17 These were the sons of Esaw’s son Reuel: Chief Nahath, Chief Zerah, Chief Shammah, Chief Mizzah. Those were the chiefs of Reuel in the Edom region. (They were the grandsons of Esaw and his wife Basemath.)
18 These were the sons of Esaw’s wife Oholibamah: Chief Yeush, Chief Yalam, Chief Korah. (They were the chiefs from Esaw’s wife Oholibamah—Anah’s daughter.) 19 Those were the sons of Esaw (also known as Edom), and those were their chiefs.
36:20 Se’ir’s descendants
20 These were the sons of Se’ir the Horite who were inhabiting that area: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, 21 Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan. Those were the chiefs of the Horites, Se’ir’s sons, in the Edom region. 22 Lotan’s sons were Hori and Hemam, and his sister was Timna. 23 Shobal’s sons were Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shefo, and Onam. 24 Zibeon’s sons were Aiah and Anah. This is the same Anah who discovered some hot springs while he was out in the desert grazing his father’s donkeys. 25 Anah’s children were his son Dishon and his daughter Oholibamah. 26 Dishon’s sons were Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Keran. 27 Ezer’s sons were Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan. 28 Dishan’s sons were Uz and Aran. 29 These were the chiefs of the Horites: Chief Lotan, Chief Shobal, Chief Zibeon, Chief Anah, 30 Chief Dishon, Chief Ezer, Chief Dishan. Those were the chiefs of the Horites, according to their clans in the Se’ir region.
36:31 The kings around Edom
31 And these were the kings who reigned in Edom region before the tribes of Yisra’el had a king: 32 Beor’s son Bela reigned in Edom, and the name of his city was Dinhabah. 33 Then Bela died, and Zerah’s son Yobab from Bozrah reigned in his place. 34 Then Yobab died, and Husham from the land of the Temanites reigned in his place. 35 Then Husham died, and Bedad’s son Hadad reigned in his place, and the name of his city was Avith. He was the one who attacked the Midianites in the countryside in Moab. 36 Then Hadad died, and Samlah from Masrekah reigned in his place. 37 Then Samlah died, and Sha’ul from Rehoboth by the river reigned in his place. 38 Then Sha’ul died, and Acbor’s son Baal-Hanan reigned in his place. 39 Then (Acbor’s son) Baal-Hanan died, and Hadar reigned in his place, and the name of his city was Pau. His wife’s name was Mehetabel (and she was the daughter of Matred’s daughter and the granddaughter of Me-Zahab).
40 And these are the names of the chiefs of Esaw, according to their clans, according to their places, by their names: Chief Timna, Chief Alvan, Chief Yetet, 41 Chief Oholibamah, Chief Elah, Chief Pinon, 42 Chief Kenaz, Chief Teman, Chief Mibzar, 43 Chief Magdiel, and Chief Iram. They were the chiefs of Edom, according to their dwellings in the land of their possession. That was the record about Esaw, the ancestor of the Edomites.
36:5 OSHB variant note: יעיש: (x-qere) ’יְע֥וּשׁ’: lemma_3266 morph_HNp id_01PEh יְע֥וּשׁ
36:13 OSHB note: BHS has been faithful to the Leningrad Codex where there might be a question of the validity of the form and we keep the same form as BHS.
36:14 OSHB variant note: יעיש: (x-qere) ’יְע֥וּשׁ’: lemma_3266 morph_HNp id_019PN יְע֥וּשׁ
Genesis 32-36
As with many of the stories of the Bible, the events of Jacob’s life are often misunderstood by readers as disjointed pericopes arranged primarily for theological and cultural purposes. Because of this, readers often fail to see that these stories follow a clear geographical progression of the patriarch throughout the land of Canaan. This realistic and coherent geographical framework behind the stories gives strong support to the belief that these stories are authentic, historical accounts of the experiences of Jacob and his ancestors. The overall framework for virtually all of Jacob’s stories is very simple: Jacob is born and raised in southern Canaan but comes into conflict with his twin brother Esau, so he flees to Paddan-aram in Mesopotamia (Genesis 25-28; see “Jacob Goes to Paddan-Aram” map). There he builds a large family and great wealth (Genesis 29-30) and eventually returns to southern Canaan, likely retracing the exact steps he followed when he fled (Genesis 31-35; see also “Jacob Returns to Canaan” map). During this time, Esau moves to the hill country of Seir, likely just south of southern Canaan (“Edom and the Land of Seir” map), and establishes his own family there, giving rise to the nation of Edom (Genesis 36). Though the primary intent of Jacob’s return was no doubt to resettle in Canaan, comments made during his reunion with Esau near Peniel may reveal that he also intended to travel even further to Seir to visit his brother there (Genesis 33:12-14). After crossing from Mahanaim to Peniel in Gilead, Jacob reunites with Esau and settles in Succoth for a time and builds a house for himself and booths for his cattle. He eventually crosses the Jordan River and enters Canaan, stopping first at the ancient city of Shechem. There Jacob’s daughter Dinah is defiled by the son of the region’s leader, and her brothers take revenge by killing all the men of the city. Thus, Jacob is forced to leave, but first he calls upon all his household to purify themselves. He collects their idols and rings and buries them beneath a tree in Shechem. Upon reaching Bethel, Jacob builds an altar and calls it El-bethel. The nurse of Jacob’s mother Rebekah also dies at Bethel and is buried under an oak below the town, leading them to call the place Allon-bacuth (“oak of weeping”). Jacob and his family leave for Bethlehem, but very soon after they start the journey Rachel gives birth to Benjamin and then dies. Jacob buries her along the way, apparently near a place called Zelzah (or perhaps Elzah; see 1 Samuel 10 and “Saul Search for His Donkeys” map). Jacob continues on and camps beyond the tower of Eder, perhaps near Bethlehem, since that seems to have been his original destination. Finally Jacob reaches Mamre and Hebron. Soon after this Isaac dies, and Esau and Jacob bury him. The story of Jacob’s journey ends at Genesis 35, and we are not explicitly told if Jacob traveled even further to Seir. Genesis 36, however, catalogs the descendants of Esau, the Edomites, perhaps indicating that Jacob did indeed fulfill the intentions he stated in Genesis 33:12-14.
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