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Open English Translation GEN Chapter 49

GEN 49 ©

Readers’ Version

Literal Version

49:1 Yacob’s individual words for his sons

49Then Yacob called for all his sons and said, “Gather together, and I’ll reveal to you what will happen to you all in the years ahead.

2Gather around and listen you sons of Yacob,

listen to your father Yisra’el.


3Reuben you’re my eldest,

my power and the beginning of my strength.

With excellence in dignity,

and excelling in power.

4But you’re destructive like strong waters.

You climbed into my bed (with my slave wife).

You got onto my couch and defiled it.


5Simeon and Levi are alike.

Their swords are weapons of violence.

6Don’t let my thoughts enter into their discussion.

Don’t let my honour join in their assembly.

They killed a man in their anger,

and they hamstrung an ox just for their pleasure.

7Their fierce anger is cursed,

and their severe anger is determined.

I will divide them out among Yacob’s descendants,

and scatter them across Yisra’el.


8Yehudah, you’ll be praised by your brothers.

You’ll be a powerful force against your enemies.

Your father’s sons will bow down to you.

9Yehudah is a lion cub.[ref]

My son, you’ve stood up after feasting on your prey.

He stretches and lies down like a lion.

As with a lioness, who will dare wake him?

10Yehudah will never leave the ruling position,

nor will his descendants be without the ruler’s staff,

until the messiah arrives

and the people groups obey him.

11He’ll tie his donkey to the grapevine,[fn]

and the donkey’s colt to the best branch.

He’ll wash his clothes in wine

and his robes in the blood of grapes.

12His eyes will be darker than wine,

and his teeth will be white from milk.


13Zebulun will settle near the coast,

and be like a safe harbour for ships.

His border will extend up to Tsidon.


14Yissashkar (Issachar) is a strong donkey

lying down between the sheep pens.[fn]

15He’ll see that his resting place is good

and that the land is pleasant.

He’ll strain his shoulders to carry a burden.

He’ll be forced to labour for others.


16Dan (which means ‘judge’) will judge his people

like one of Yisra’el’s tribes.

17He’ll be a snake beside the road,

a viper on the path,

that bites a horse’s heels

and its rider falls backwards.


18Yahweh, I’m waiting for you to save us.


19Gad will be attacked by riders,

but he’ll attack them from behind.


20Asher will enjoy delicious food,

and he’ll provide delicacies for a king.


21Naftali is a doe that’s been untied.

He says beautiful words.[fn]


22Yosef is part of a fruit-bearing vine—

part of a fruit-bearing vine at a spring.

His branches will climb over the wall.

23Expert archers will attack him,

and shoot and harass him.

24But his bow will stay steady

and his arms will be made agile

by the hands of the mighty one of Yacob,

because of the shepherd who’s Yisra’el’s rock,

25by the God of your father, and he will help you,

and with the provider,

and he will bless you with blessings from the heavens above

blessings of the deep that lies below,

and blessings of breasts and womb.

26I’ve been blessed more than my ancestors were—

even with being gifted those ancient hills.

May those blessings now transfer to Yosef

the one who was separated from all his brothers.


27Benyamin is a ravenous wolf.

In the morning he devours his prey,

and in the evening he divides the plunder.

28Those are Yisra’el’s twelve sons (that led to the twelve tribes) and that’s what their father said to them from his bed as he blessed each one of them—each one blessed appropriately.

49and_he/it_called Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) (to) sons_his and_he/it_said gather_yourselves and_tell to/for_you_all DOM [that]_which it_will_happen_to DOM_you_all in_end/latter the_days.
2Assemble and_hear Oh_sons of_Yaˊₐqoⱱ and_listen to Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) father_your_all’s.
3Oh_Rəʼūⱱēn firstborn_my you might_my and_firstfruits strength_my excellence of_dignity and_excelling of_power.
4Destructiveness as_the_water do_not excel if/because you_went_up the_bed(s) I_will_show_you(ms) then you_profaned_[it] couch_my he_went_up.
5Shimˊōn and_Lēvīh [are]_brothers [are]_weapons of_violence swords_their.
6In/on/at/with_council_their not let_it_enter soul_my in/on/at/with_assembly_their not let_it_be_united glory_my if/because in/on/at/with_anger_their they_slew a_man and_in/on/at/with_whim_their they_hamstrung ox[en].
7[be]_cursed anger_their if/because fierce and_severe_anger_their if/because it_is_hard divide_them in/on/at/with_Yaˊₐqoⱱ and_scatter_them in/on/at/with_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
8Oh_Yəhūdāh/(Judah) you praise_you brothers_your hand_your in/on/at/with_neck enemies_your they_will_bow_down[fn] to/for_yourself(m) the_sons I_will_show_you(ms).
9[is]_a_cub of_a_lion Yəhūdāh from_prey son_my you_have_gone_up he_bows_down he_lies_down like_lion and_as_lioness who rouse_him.
10Not it_will_depart a_scepter from_Yəhūdāh and_ruler’s_staff from_between feet_his until if/because he_will_come Shiloh[fn] and_to/for_him/it [the]_obedience of_peoples.
11[he_will_be]_binding to_the_vine donkey_his[fn] and_to_the_choice_vine the_young_one donkey’s_his he_will_wash in/on/at/with_wine garments_his and_in/on/at/with_blood of_grapes robes_his[fn].
12Dark of_eyes than_wine and_whiter of_teeth than_milk.
13Zəⱱulun by_shore of_[the]_seas he_will_dwell and_he as_haven of_ships and_border_his [will_be]_at Tsīdōn/(Sidon).
14Yissāskār/(Issachar) [is]_a_donkey of_bone lying_down between the_sheepfolds.
15And_he/it_saw a_resting_place if/because_that [it_was]_good and_DOM the_earth/land if/because_that it_was_pleasant and_bowed shoulder_his to_burden and_he/it_was at_forced_labour of_labouring.
16Dān he_will_judge people_his like_one of_the_tribes of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
17May_he_be Dān a_snake on a_road a_viper on a_path the_bites [the]_heels of_a_horse and_falls rider_its backwards.
18For_salvation_your I_wait_eagerly Oh_YHWH.
19Gād a_marauding_band attacked_him and_he he_will_attack a_rearguard.
20as_for_ʼĀshēr’s [will_be]_rich food_his and_he he_will_provide delicacies of_a_king.
21Naftālī [is]_a_doe let_untie/release the_bears words of_beauty.
22[is]_a_son of_a_fruit-bearer Yōşēf/(Joseph) a_son of_a_fruit-bearer at a_spring daughters she_will_climb over a_wall.
23And_bitterly_attacked_him and_shot and_harassed_him masters of_arrows.
24And_remained in/on/at/with_steady bow_his and_made_agile the_arms arms_his by_hands of_the_mighty_one of_Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) from_there [the]_shepherd the_stone of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
25By_god I_will_show_you(ms) and_helps_you and_DOM [the]_almighty and_blesses_you blessings of_heaven above blessings of_the_deep [which]_lies beneath blessings of_breasts and_womb.
26The_blessings I_will_show_you(ms) they_have_prevailed over the_blessings ancestors_my to desire of_hills of_antiquity may_they_belong[fn] on_head of_Yōşēf and_on_brow of_the_consecrated_one brothers_his.
27Binyāmīn [is]_a_wolf [which]_it_tears_to_pieces in/on/at/with_morning he_consumes booty and_in_the_evening he_divides plunder.
28All these [are]_the_tribes of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) two_plus ten and_this [is_that]_which he_spoke to/for_them father_their and_he/it_blessed DOM_them everyone whom with_blessing_him he_blessed DOM_them.

49:29 Yacob’s death and burial

29Then Yacob instructed them, “I’m about to go and join my ancestors. Bury me with them in the cave in the field that was bought from Efron the Hittite, 30in the cave that is in Machpelah’s field in front of Mamre in Canaan. That’s the cave that my grandfather Abraham bought with the field from Ephron the Hittite as property for a burial place.[ref] 31Abraham and his wife Sarah were buried there, along with their son Isaac and his wife Rebekah, and I also buried my wife Le’ah there.[ref] 32That field and the cave in it was bought from the descendants of Het. 33When Yacob finished giving those instructions to his sons, he pulled his feet up into the bed and lay and breathed his last and his spirit joined his ancestors.[ref]


49:11 This likely suggests such a surplus of fruit that it doesn’t even matter what the animals eat.

49:14 Or ‘between two saddlebags’.

49:21 Or ‘has beautiful fawns’.


29And_he/it_commanded DOM_them and_he/it_said to_them I [am]_about_to_be_gathered to people_my bury DOM_me with fathers_my into the_cave which in/on/at/with_field of_ˊEfrōn the_Ḩittiy.
30In/on/at/with_cave which in/on/at/with_field the_Machpelah which [is]_on the_face of_Mamre in_land of_Kinaˊan which he_bought ʼAⱱrāhām DOM the_field from ˊEfrōn the_Ḩittiy as_place of_a_burial_site.
31There_at people_buried DOM ʼAⱱrāhām and_DOM Sārāh his/its_wife/woman there_at people_buried DOM Yiʦḩāq/(Isaac) and_DOM Riⱱqāh his/its_wife/woman and_there_at I_buried DOM Lēʼāh.
32The_livestock the_field and_the_cave which in/on/over_him/it from the_sons of_Heth.
33And_they_were_ended/finished Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) to_charge DOM sons_his and_drew_up feet_his into the_bed and_breathed_last and_gathered to people_his.

49:8 Note: BHS has been faithful to the Leningrad Codex where there might be a question of the validity of the form and we keep the same form as BHS.

49:10 Variant note: שילה: (x-qere) ’שִׁיל֔וֹ’: lemma_7886 n_0.1 morph_HNp id_01KU3 שִׁיל֔וֹ

49:11 Variant note: עיר/ה: (x-qere) ’עִיר֔/וֹ’: lemma_5895 n_1.1 morph_HNcmsc/Sp3ms id_01BN1 עִיר֔/וֹ

49:11 Variant note: סות/ה: (x-qere) ’סוּתֽ/וֹ’: lemma_5497 n_0 morph_HNcmsc/Sp3ms id_01Chx סוּתֽ/וֹ

49:26 Note: BHS has been faithful to the Leningrad Codex where there might be a question of the validity of the form and we keep the same form as BHS.

GEN 49 ©

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