OET interlinear YAC (JAM) 4:9

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

ταλαιπωρήσατε, καὶ πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε

be_miserable and mourn and weep

These three verbs have similar meanings. James is using them together to emphasize how sorry his readers should be. Alternate translation: “Be extremely sorry”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ταλαιπωρήσατε, καὶ πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε

be_miserable and mourn and weep

If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state explicitly what James is telling his readers to be sorry for. Alternate translation: “Be extremely sorry for not obeying God”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

the laughter ˱of˲_you_all to mourning /let_be/_turned and your joy to gloominess

In the second part of this sentence, James leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “Let your laughter be changed into mourning, and let your joy be changed into gloom”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

the laughter ˱of˲_you_all to mourning /let_be/_turned and your joy to gloominess

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with active verbal forms. Alternate translation: “Let your laughter become mourning, and let your joy become gloom”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

the laughter ˱of˲_you_all to mourning /let_be/_turned and your joy to gloominess

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract nouns laughter, mourning, joy, and gloom by stating the ideas behind them with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “Stop laughing and be sad. Stop being joyful and be gloomy”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

the laughter ˱of˲_you_all to mourning /let_be/_turned and your joy to gloominess

These two clauses mean similar things. James is using them together for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “Stop being so carefree and show genuine sorrow”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

the laughter ˱of˲_you_all to mourning /let_be/_turned and your joy to gloominess

If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state explicitly why James is telling his readers to show such sorrow. Alternate translation: “Stop being so carefree and show genuine sorrow for your sin”