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Yacob/(James) C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

Yac 4 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17

OET interlinear YAC (JAM) 4:9

◄ ← YAC (JAM) 4:9 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Ταλαιπωρήσατε
    2. talaipōreō
    3. Be miserable
    4. miserable
    5. 50030
    6. VMAA2··P
    7. be_miserable
    8. be_miserable
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 147879
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147880
    1. πενθήσατε
    2. pentheō
    3. mourn
    4. mourn
    5. 39960
    6. VMAA2··P
    7. mourn
    8. mourn
    9. -
    10. Y60; R147878
    11. 147881
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147882
    1. κλαύσατε
    2. klaiō
    3. weep
    4. -
    5. 27990
    6. VMAA2··P
    7. weep
    8. weep
    9. -
    10. Y60; R147878
    11. 147883
    1. Ὁ
    2. ho
    3. The
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 147884
    1. γέλως
    2. gelōs
    3. laughter
    4. laughing
    5. 10710
    6. N····NMS
    7. laughter
    8. laughter
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147885
    1. ὑμῶν
    2. su
    3. of you all
    4. -
    5. 47710
    6. R···2G·P
    7. ˱of˲ you_all
    8. ˱of˲ you_all
    9. -
    10. Y60; R147878
    11. 147886
    1. εἰς
    2. eis
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 15190
    6. P·······
    7. to
    8. to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147887
    1. πένθος
    2. penthos
    3. mourning
    4. -
    5. 39970
    6. N····ANS
    7. mourning
    8. mourning
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147888
    1. μετατραπήτω
    2. metatrepō
    3. let be turned
    4. -
    5. 33463
    6. VMAP3··S
    7. ˓let_be˒ turned
    8. ˓let_be˒ turned
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147889
    1. μεταστραφήτω
    2. metastrefō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 33440
    6. VMAP3··S
    7. ˓let_be˒ altered
    8. ˓let_be˒ altered
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 147890
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147891
    1. ἡ
    2. ho
    3. your
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NFS
    7. your
    8. your
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147892
    1. χαρά
    2. χara
    3. joy
    4. -
    5. 54790
    6. N····NFS
    7. joy
    8. joy
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147893
    1. εἰς
    2. eis
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 15190
    6. P·······
    7. to
    8. to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147894
    1. κατήφειαν
    2. katēfeia
    3. gloominess
    4. -
    5. 27260
    6. N····AFS
    7. gloominess
    8. gloominess
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147895

OET (OET-LV) Be_miserable, and mourn, and weep.
The laughter of_you_all to mourning let_be_turned, and your joy to gloominess.

OET (OET-RV) Be miserable, and mourn and weep. Change your laughing into crying and your happiness into sadness

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 4:1–12: Believers must submit to God, not to their own selfish desires

In this section, James wrote about the problem of Christians quarreling among themselves. He identified the root of the problem as our human selfish desires. Then he pointed out that the solution is to humble ourselves and submit to God.

Some other possible headings for this section are:

Warning against being God’s enemy (UBS)

Submit Yourselves to God (NIV)

Paragraph 4:7–10

In this paragraph, James gave a series of exhortations or commands on how to get back into a proper relationship with God. He said that his readers should turn back to God and submit to him.

The exhortations in this paragraph are all plural. They are general and are addressed to everyone to whom James was writing.

4:9a

Grieve, mourn, and weep.

Grieve, mourn, and weep: The three verbs Grieve, mourn, and weep refer to the same act and attitude and all mean approximately the same thing. James used these three verbs to emphasize to his readers that they should be very sad because of their sin. In some languages, it is more natural to show this emphasis with one or two verbs plus an intensifier. For example:

Really be sad and cry over your(plur) sins

Be very sorry that you(plur) have sinned

Grieve: The Greek word that the BSB translates as Grieve refers to expressing inner sorrow. James wanted his readers to be sorry and sad because of their sin.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

Be sorrowful (GNT)

Be sad (CEV)

mourn: The Greek word that the BSB translates as mourn refers to a severe form of grief or sadness that results in crying. Some other ways to translate this word are:

cry (GNT)

be sorry

weep: The Greek word that the BSB translates as weep means to cry. For example:

wail (NIV)

cry (GW)

4:9b

Turn your laughter to mourning,

Turn your laughter to mourning: The word laughter refers here to the foolish laughter of people who are following the ways of the world. Some other ways to translate this clause are:

Replace your laughter with crying

Let your laughter become crying

In some languages, it may be more natural to translate both laughter and mourning as verbs. For example:

Stop laughing and start crying. (CEV)

mourning: The word mourning is the same Greek word that is translated as “mourn” in 4:9a.

4:9c

and your joy to gloom.

and your joy to gloom: Here James left a word implicit. In some languages, it may be necessary to supply this implicit information. For example:

and change your joy to gloom

This clause is parallel to the one in 4:9b. That one referred to the noises that people make (“laughter”, “mourning”). This clause seems to refer to the expressions on their faces. Another way to translate this clause is:

and your joy into sadness (NCV)

In some languages, it will be more natural to translate joy and gloom as verbs. For example:

Be gloomy instead of glad. (CEV)

joy: The Greek word that the BSB translates as joy refers to a state of being cheerful and happy.

gloom: The Greek word that the BSB translates as gloom means sadness (as in the NCV). Your language may have an idiom describing someone who goes around with a gloomy, sad face.

General Comment on 4:9a–c

In 4:9a–c, James tells his readers three times that they should mourn because of their sin. He does this for emphasis. In some languages, it is more natural to show this emphasis in another way. For example:

Stop laughing and being so happy. Become deeply sorry and cry that you have sinned.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

ταλαιπωρήσατε, καὶ πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ταλαιπωρήσατε καί πενθήσατε καί κλαύσατε Ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω καί ἡ χαρά εἰς κατήφειαν)

These three verbs have similar meanings. James is using them together to emphasize how sorry his readers should be. Alternate translation: [Be extremely sorry]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ταλαιπωρήσατε, καὶ πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ταλαιπωρήσατε καί πενθήσατε καί κλαύσατε Ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω καί ἡ χαρά εἰς κατήφειαν)

If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state explicitly what James is telling his readers to be sorry for. Alternate translation: [Be extremely sorry for not obeying God]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ταλαιπωρήσατε καί πενθήσατε καί κλαύσατε Ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω καί ἡ χαρά εἰς κατήφειαν)

In the second part of this sentence, James leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: [Let your laughter be changed into mourning, and let your joy be changed into gloom]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ταλαιπωρήσατε καί πενθήσατε καί κλαύσατε Ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω καί ἡ χαρά εἰς κατήφειαν)

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with active verbal forms. Alternate translation: [Let your laughter become mourning, and let your joy become gloom]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ταλαιπωρήσατε καί πενθήσατε καί κλαύσατε Ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω καί ἡ χαρά εἰς κατήφειαν)

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract nouns laughter, mourning, joy, and gloom by stating the ideas behind them with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: [Stop laughing and be sad. Stop being joyful and be gloomy]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ταλαιπωρήσατε καί πενθήσατε καί κλαύσατε Ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω καί ἡ χαρά εἰς κατήφειαν)

These two clauses mean similar things. James is using them together for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: [Stop being so carefree. Show genuine sorrow]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ταλαιπωρήσατε καί πενθήσατε καί κλαύσατε Ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω καί ἡ χαρά εἰς κατήφειαν)

If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state explicitly why James is telling his readers to show such sorrow. Alternate translation: [Stop being so carefree and show genuine sorrow for your sin]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Be miserable
    2. miserable
    3. 50030
    4. S
    5. talaipōreō
    6. V-MAA2··P
    7. be_miserable
    8. be_miserable
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 147879
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147880
    1. mourn
    2. mourn
    3. 39960
    5. pentheō
    6. V-MAA2··P
    7. mourn
    8. mourn
    9. -
    10. Y60; R147878
    11. 147881
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147882
    1. weep
    2. -
    3. 27990
    5. klaiō
    6. V-MAA2··P
    7. weep
    8. weep
    9. -
    10. Y60; R147878
    11. 147883
    1. The
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. S
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 147884
    1. laughter
    2. laughing
    3. 10710
    5. gelōs
    6. N-····NMS
    7. laughter
    8. laughter
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147885
    1. of you all
    2. -
    3. 47710
    5. su
    6. R-···2G·P
    7. ˱of˲ you_all
    8. ˱of˲ you_all
    9. -
    10. Y60; R147878
    11. 147886
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 15190
    5. eis
    6. P-·······
    7. to
    8. to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147887
    1. mourning
    2. -
    3. 39970
    5. penthos
    6. N-····ANS
    7. mourning
    8. mourning
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147888
    1. let be turned
    2. -
    3. 33463
    5. metatrepō
    6. V-MAP3··S
    7. ˓let_be˒ turned
    8. ˓let_be˒ turned
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147889
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147891
    1. your
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NFS
    7. your
    8. your
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147892
    1. joy
    2. -
    3. 54790
    5. χara
    6. N-····NFS
    7. joy
    8. joy
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147893
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 15190
    5. eis
    6. P-·······
    7. to
    8. to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147894
    1. gloominess
    2. -
    3. 27260
    5. katēfeia
    6. N-····AFS
    7. gloominess
    8. gloominess
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 147895

OET (OET-LV) Be_miserable, and mourn, and weep.
The laughter of_you_all to mourning let_be_turned, and your joy to gloominess.

OET (OET-RV) Be miserable, and mourn and weep. Change your laughing into crying and your happiness into sadness

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← YAC (JAM) 4:9 ↑ → ► ║ ©