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interlinearVerse INT GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH EZRA NEH EST JOB PSA PRO ECC SNG ISA JER LAM EZE DAN HOS JOEL AMOS OBA YNA MIC NAH HAB ZEP HAG ZEC MAL YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs ROM 1COR 2COR GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TIM 2TIM TIT PHM HEB YAC 1PET 2PET 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN YUD REV
OET (OET-LV) Adultresses.
Not you_all_have_known that the friendship with_the world, enmity the of_god is?
Whoever therefore if may_be_wished a_friend to_be of_the world, an_enemy of_ the _god is_being_appointed.
OET (OET-RV) You’re just like prostitutes. Don’t you realise that if you befriend the world then you’re opposing God, so anyone who befriends the world makes themself an enemy of God.
μοιχαλίδες
adultresses
James is addressing his readers in the vocative. If your language has a vocative case, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, you could express the meaning in another way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You adulteresses”
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
μοιχαλίδες
adultresses
James is describing his readers as married women who have sexual relations with men who are not their husbands. This metaphor is used many places in the Bible to represent unfaithfulness to God. Alternate translation: “You are not being faithful to God”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion
οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου, ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν?
not ˱you_all˲_/have/_known that ¬the friendship ˱with˲_the world enmity ¬the ˱of˲_God is
James is using the question form for emphasis and as a teaching tool. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question by translating his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly you know that friendship with the world is enmity with God!”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns
ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου, ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν
¬the friendship ˱with˲_the world enmity ¬the ˱of˲_God is
If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract nouns friendship and enmity by stating the ideas behind them with the concrete nouns “friend” and “enemy.” Alternate translation: “if you are a friend of the world, you are an enemy of God”
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου
¬the friendship ˱with˲_the world
As in 1:27, James is using the term world to mean the system of values shared by people who do not honor God. Alternate translation: “friendship with an ungodly value system”
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / personification
ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου
¬the friendship ˱with˲_the world
James is speaking of this ungodly value system as if it were a person with whom someone could be friends. Alternate translation: “living by an ungodly value system”
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν
enmity ¬the ˱of˲_God is
James probably does not consider that his readers have literally become sworn enemies of God. He is using the term enmity to describe how opposed the worldly value system is to the way God wants people to live. Alternate translation: “is contrary to what God wants”
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου
/a/_friend to_be ˱of˲_the world
See how you translated the term world earlier in this verse. Alternate translation: “to be a friend of an ungodly value system”
Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / personification
φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου
/a/_friend to_be ˱of˲_the world
James speaks again of the ungodly value system as if it were a person with whom someone could be friends. Alternate translation: “to live by an ungodly value system”
Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
καθίσταται
/is_being/_appointed
If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form. Alternate translation: “makes himself”
Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ἐχθρὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ
/an/_enemy ¬the ˱of˲_God
See how you translated the similar expression earlier in this verse. Alternate translation: “someone who lives in a way contrary to what God wants”
4:4 You adulterers: James uses this prophetic imagery (see, e.g., Jer 3:6; Hos 3:1) because his readers were seeking what friendship with the world could give them—social acceptance (Jas 2:1-4), prestige (3:1), or wealth (4:13). Divided loyalty toward God (4:8) is like adultery against one’s spouse.
• In the ancient world, friend was used as a title for special and exclusive relationships (Luke 23:12, Herod and Pilate; John 19:12, Pilate as “friend of Caesar”; see also 1 Maccabees 2:18; 6:28). Both Moses (Exod 33:11) and Abraham were called friends of God (Jas 2:23; 2 Chr 20:7; Isa 41:8; cp. John 15:15).
• The world consists of society that is opposed to God and his kingdom. The world is guided by earthly wisdom, not heavenly (Jas 3:15-17), and is characterized by evil desires, fighting, and killing (4:2-3).
OET (OET-LV) Adultresses.
Not you_all_have_known that the friendship with_the world, enmity the of_god is?
Whoever therefore if may_be_wished a_friend to_be of_the world, an_enemy of_ the _god is_being_appointed.
OET (OET-RV) You’re just like prostitutes. Don’t you realise that if you befriend the world then you’re opposing God, so anyone who befriends the world makes themself an enemy of God.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.