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Yna C1 C2 C3 C4

Yna 3 V1 V2 V3 V4 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10

OET interlinear YNA (JNA) 3:5

◄ ← YNA (JNA) 3:5 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַֽ,יַּאֲמִינוּ
    2. 530803,530804
    3. And they believed
    4. believed
    5. 539
    6. SV-C,Vhw3mp
    7. and,they_believed
    8. S
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371091
    1. אַנְשֵׁי
    2. 530805
    3. the people of
    4. -
    5. 376
    6. S-Ncmpc
    7. the_people_of
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371092
    1. נִינְוֵה
    2. 530806
    3. of Nīnəvēh
    4. Nineveh
    5. 5210
    6. S-Np
    7. of_Nineveh
    8. -
    9. Location=Nineveh; Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371093
    1. בֵּ,אלֹהִים
    2. 530807,530808
    3. in god
    4. in God
    5. 430
    6. S-R,Ncmpa
    7. in,God
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371094
    1. וַ,יִּקְרְאוּ
    2. 530809,530810
    3. and they proclaimed
    4. -
    5. 7121
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and,they_proclaimed
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371095
    2. 530811
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 371096
    1. צוֹם
    2. 530812
    3. a fast
    4. -
    5. 6685
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. a_fast
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371097
    1. וַ,יִּלְבְּשׁוּ
    2. 530813,530814
    3. and they wore
    4. -
    5. 3847
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and,they_wore
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371098
    1. שַׂקִּים
    2. 530815
    3. sackcloth(s)
    4. sackcloth
    5. 8242
    6. O-Ncmpa
    7. sackcloth(s)
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371099
    1. מִ,גְּדוֹלָ,ם
    2. 530816,530817,530818
    3. from their of great
    4. -
    6. S-R,Aamsc,Sp3mp
    7. from,their_of,great
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371100
    1. וְ,עַד
    2. 530819,530820
    3. and unto
    4. -
    5. 5704
    6. S-R,R
    7. and=unto
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371101
    2. 530821
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 371102
    1. קְטַנָּ,ם
    2. 530822,530823
    3. their of insignificant
    4. least
    6. S-Aamsc,Sp3mp
    7. their_of,insignificant
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371103
    2. 530824
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 371104

OET (OET-LV) And_ the_people_of _they_believed of_Nīnəvēh in_god and_they_proclaimed a_fast and_they_wore sackcloth(s) from_their_of_great and_unto their_of_insignificant.

OET (OET-RV) The people of Nineveh believed in God and announced a time of fasting, and from the least to the most important people, they just wore sackcloth as a sign of contrition.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 3:1–10: The LORD again told Jonah to go to Nineveh and this time he obeyed

This section records how Jonah finally obeyed the LORD and went to Nineveh to preach to the people there. Then the people of Nineveh repented of their sinful ways and the LORD did not destroy them. An alternative title for this section could be: “The people of Nineveh repent.”

3:5a

And the Ninevites believed God.

And the Ninevites believed God: Scholars do not agree about how this should be translated. There are two possibilities:

  1. It means they believed God’s message—that they understood that Jonah’s message was from God and that God was the one who would destroy them and their city. (BSB, NIV, RSV, GNT, CEV, GW, KJV, NCV, NLT, REB)

  2. It means that they believed in God. (NASB, NET, NJB).3.5 Keil-Delitzsch, p. 407; Sasson, p. 240

It is recommended that you follow the first interpretation (1), since it is supported by the majority of English versions as well as the context.

It may be necessary in your language to make it explicit that the people believed God as a result of hearing Jonah speak. Some possible ways of doing this are:

When the people of Nineveh heard what Jonah was saying to them, they believed what God was telling them.

The people of Nineveh believed the message from God which Jonah had preached to them.

3:5b

They proclaimed a fast

They proclaimed a fast: Because the people believed what God had told them, they decided they must try to avoid the disaster which he had threatened. The first thing they decided was that everyone should fast, that is, not eat or drink. The purpose of their fast was to show God that they had really repented.

proclaimed: The basic meaning of the Hebrew verb translated proclaimed is “call.” This probably means that this was not an official proclamation but something the people decided among themselves.

3:5c

and dressed in sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least.

dressed in sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least: Then all the people who had heard Jonah’s message put on sackcloth to show they had repented.

sackcloth: This was rough cloth, often made of goat’s hair. It was often worn when someone was mourning the death of someone or, as here, to show they had repented of some act.

from the greatest of them to the least: This probably means “from the most important to the least important,” that is, everybody whoever they were. You should use an expression in your language which makes it clear that everyone was included.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

אַנְשֵׁ֥י נִֽינְוֵ֖ה

men_of Nīnəvēh

Although the term men is masculine, here it has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: [the men and women of Nineveh]

Note 2 topic: translate-symaction

וַ⁠יִּקְרְאוּ־צוֹם֙ וַ⁠יִּלְבְּשׁ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים

and,they_proclaimed fast and,they_wore sackcloth

Both fasting and wearing coarse cloth were symbolic actions that showed sadness or devotion to God or both. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of these actions in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: [they proclaimed a fast and put on sackcloth to show that they were sorry for having sinned]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / infostructure

וַ⁠יִּקְרְאוּ־צוֹם֙ וַ⁠יִּלְבְּשׁ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים מִ⁠גְּדוֹלָ֖⁠ם וְ⁠עַד־קְטַנָּֽ⁠ם

and,they_proclaimed fast and,they_wore sackcloth from,their_of,great and=unto their_of,insignificant

If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: [And, from the greatest of them even to the least of them, they proclaimed a fast and put on sackcloth]

מִ⁠גְּדוֹלָ֖⁠ם וְ⁠עַד־קְטַנָּֽ⁠ם

from,their_of,great and=unto their_of,insignificant

Alternate translation: [from the most significant to the least significant people] or [including all of the people, whether important or unimportant]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And
    2. believed
    3. 1987,682
    5. 530803,530804
    6. SV-C,Vhw3mp
    8. S
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371091
    1. the people of
    2. -
    3. 266
    5. 530805
    6. S-Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371092
    1. they believed
    2. believed
    3. 1987,682
    5. 530803,530804
    6. SV-C,Vhw3mp
    8. S
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371091
    1. of Nīnəvēh
    2. Nineveh
    3. 4995
    5. 530806
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Location=Nineveh; Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371093
    1. in god
    2. in God
    3. 846,38
    5. 530807,530808
    6. S-R,Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371094
    1. and they proclaimed
    2. -
    3. 1987,6994
    5. 530809,530810
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371095
    1. a fast
    2. -
    3. 6717
    5. 530812
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371097
    1. and they wore
    2. -
    3. 1987,3796
    5. 530813,530814
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371098
    1. sackcloth(s)
    2. sackcloth
    3. 8067
    5. 530815
    6. O-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371099
    1. from their of great
    2. -
    3. 4129,1513,1978
    5. 530816,530817,530818
    6. S-R,Aamsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371100
    1. and unto
    2. -
    3. 1987,5798
    5. 530819,530820
    6. S-R,R
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371101
    1. their of insignificant
    2. least
    3. 6944,1978
    5. 530822,530823
    6. S-Aamsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-862; TProphecies_of_Jonah
    10. 371103

OET (OET-LV) And_ the_people_of _they_believed of_Nīnəvēh in_god and_they_proclaimed a_fast and_they_wore sackcloth(s) from_their_of_great and_unto their_of_insignificant.

OET (OET-RV) The people of Nineveh believed in God and announced a time of fasting, and from the least to the most important people, they just wore sackcloth as a sign of contrition.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← YNA (JNA) 3:5 ↑ → ► ║ ©