Open Bible Data Home  About  News  OET Key

OET OET-RV OET-LV ULT UST BSB MSB BLB AICNT OEB WEBBE WMBB NET LSV FBV TCNT T4T LEB BBE Moff JPS Wymth ASV DRA YLT Drby RV SLT Wbstr KJB-1769 KJB-1611 Bshps Gnva Cvdl TNT Wycl SR-GNT UHB BrLXX BrTr Related Topics Parallel Interlinear Reference Dictionary Search

InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV

Mal C1 C2 C3 C4

Mal 2 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17

OET interlinear MAL 2:12

◄ ← MAL 2:12 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. יַכְרֵת
    2. 544356
    3. May he cut off
    4. -
    5. 3772
    6. V-Vhj3ms
    7. may_he_cut_off
    8. S
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380646
    1. יְהוָה
    2. 544357
    3. YHWH
    4. -
    5. 3068
    6. S-Np
    7. Yahweh
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380647
    1. לָ,אִישׁ
    2. 544358,544359
    3. (to) person
    4. -
    5. 376
    6. S-Rd,Ncmsa
    7. (to),person
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380648
    1. אֲשֶׁר
    2. 544360
    3. who
    4. -
    6. S-Tr
    7. who
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380649
    1. יַעֲשֶׂ,נָּה
    2. 544361,544362
    3. he does it
    4. -
    6. VO-Vqi3ms,Sn
    7. he,does_it
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380650
    1. עֵר
    2. 544363
    3. a protector
    4. -
    5. 5782
    6. O-Vqrmsa
    7. a_protector
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380651
    1. וְ,עֹנֶה
    2. 544364,544365
    3. and one who answers
    4. answers
    6. O-C,Vqrmsa
    7. and,[one_who]_answers
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380652
    1. מֵ,אָהֳלֵי
    2. 544366,544367
    3. from the tents of
    4. -
    5. 168
    6. S-R,Ncmpc
    7. from,the_tents_of
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380653
    1. יַֽעֲקֹב
    2. 544368
    3. Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob)
    4. -
    5. 3290
    6. S-Np
    7. of_Jacob
    8. -
    9. Person=Israel; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380654
    1. וּ,מַגִּישׁ
    2. 544369,544370
    3. and one who brings near
    4. bringing
    5. 5066
    6. OV-C,Vhrmsa
    7. and,[one_who]_brings_near
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380655
    1. מִנְחָה
    2. 544371
    3. an offering
    4. offering
    5. 4503
    6. O-Ncfsa
    7. an_offering
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380656
    1. לַֽ,יהוָה
    2. 544372,544373
    3. to/for YHWH
    4. -
    5. 3068
    6. O-R,Np
    7. to/for=\nd YHWH\nd*
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380657
    1. צְבָאוֹת
    2. 544374
    3. hosts
    4. army-commander
    6. O-Ncbpa
    7. hosts
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380658
    2. 544375
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 380659
    2. 544376
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-pe
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 380660

OET (OET-LV) YHWH May_he_cut_off (to)_person who he_does_it a_protector and_one_who_answers from_the_tents_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) and_ an_offering _one_who_brings_near to/for_YHWH hosts.

OET (OET-RV) May Yahweh, the one who is awake and the one who answers, banish the men who do this from Yisrael, even if they are bringing an offering to army-commander Yahweh.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:10–16: Malachi rebuked the people of Israel because they had been unfaithful to the LORD

This section contains the central message of the book. It highlights its main theme: that is, that both the priests and the people had been unfaithful to the LORD. The LORD here called them to repent and to follow him again.

This section lists three specific ways in which the people of Israel as a nation had broken their covenant with the LORD:

  1. They had married wives who worshipped foreign gods.

  2. They had been unfaithful to their wives.

  3. They had even divorced their wives.

Also the people had been hypocritical. They asked the LORD to help them in order to show that they trusted him. Yet, at the same time, they continued to be unfaithful to him and to disobey him.

The Hebrew word bagad which means “faithless, treacherous” occurs five times in these verses. The repeated use of the word highlights both the unfaithfulness of the people to the LORD and their unfaithfulness to their wives.

This section contains one of the few places in the book in which it was the prophet himself who addressed the people. The prophet rebuked the people of Israel because they had been unfaithful to the LORD. He began his rebuke with a series of rhetorical questions. The first two questions in this section form a doublet, which makes an emphatic beginning, and all the questions indicate strong feeling.

2:12a

As for the man who does this, may the LORD cut off from the tents of Jacob everyone who is awake and aware—

In this verse Malachi expressed a strong desire or prayer. He wanted the LORD to punish all Israelite men who married women who worshipped other gods.

As for the man who does this, may the LORD cut off from the tents of Jacob everyone who is awake and aware: Scholars disagree about the type of punishment that Malachi meant here. The Hebrew text of this verse is hard to understand. There are two main interpretations:

  1. Malachi meant that the LORD should remove all such men from the community of Israel. For example:

    As for the man who does this, whoever he may be, may the Lord cut him off from the tents of Jacob… (NIV) (BSB, NIV, GNT, CEV, GW, KJV, NLT, NCV, NET, REB)

  2. Malachi meant that the LORD should not allow such men to have anyone to defend or support them. For example:

    May Yahweh deprive such an offender of witness and advocate… (NJB) (NJB, RSV, NJPS)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1).

the man who does this: This refers to any Israelite man who married a woman who worshipped idols. It includes those who had already done it and those who would do it in the future.

cut off: The expression which the BSB translates as cut off is an idiom in Hebrew. Here it means “remove,” that is, the LORD should remove them from the Israelite community. The Hebrew text does not state how he would remove them: whether he would banish them or kill them. You should also leave this ambiguous. Some ways to say this are:

May the Lord remove from the community of Israel those who did this. (GNT)

May the Lord banish from the dwellings of Jacob any who do this. (REB)

I pray that the Lord will no longer let those who are guilty belong to his people. (CEV)

from the tents of Jacob: This is an idiom which refers to all the people of Israel. They were the people who had a covenant relationship with the LORD and who worshipped him. The reference to tents came from the time when the descendants of Jacob/Israel, the people of Israel, lived in tents and wandered in the desert.

everyone who is awake and aware: The Hebrew phrase which the BSB translates as everyone who is awake and aware is difficult to understand. Scholars make two main suggestionsClark (1998) gives an excellent review of the alternative possible interpretations here. See also Alden (1985), page 718; Dods (1990), page 143; Merrill (1994), page 419; Redditt (1995), pages 171–172. Yet another alternative but less likely interpretation, is ‘May the LORD cut off from Israel anyone who defends the ones guilty of marrying foreign wives.’ about its meaning in this verse:

  1. The two Hebrew words which the BSB translates as awake and aware function together as a Hebrew idiom, which, means “everyone.” From this interpretation comes “whoever they may be.” So the meaning of 2:12a is:

    May the LORD drive away those who marry foreign wives, whoever they may be, so that they may never again be part of Israel. (BSB, NIV, GNT, GW, NCV, NET, NLT)

  2. The two words have separate meanings and represent two groups of people or two different actions. The English versions that follow this view interpret the individual words differently.Baldwin (1972) page 239. For example:

    …witness and advocate. (NJB) (RSV, NJB, KJV, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1).

2:12b

even if he brings an offering to the LORD of Hosts.

even if he brings an offering to the LORD of Hosts: Scholars differ about how this phrase relates to the previous one. There are at least three views:

  1. This phrase makes it clear that there is no exception to the punishment in 2:12a. Even offering a sacrifice to the LORD would not enable them to escape this punishment. For example:

    [May the LORD banish from the dwellings of Jacob any who do this…] even though they bring offerings to the Lord of Hosts. (REB) (BSB, NIV, REB, CEV, NCV, NLT)

  2. This phrase expresses part of the punishment that Malachi spoke about in 2:12a. For example:

    and never again let them participate in the offerings our nation brings to the Lord Almighty. (GNT) (GNT, NJB, GW)

  3. This phrase goes with the preceding phrase “any to witness or answer.” It lists another group of people or another action. For example:

    [any to witness or answer,] or to bring an offering to the Lord of hosts! (RSV) (RSV, KJV, NASB, NET)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1).

In English this idea is often expressed by using connectors like “even though” or “and yet.” Express it in a natural way in your language.

the LORD of Hosts: See the note on 1:4d and 1:6e. Translate this term in the same way here.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה & מֵ⁠אָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב

cut_off YHWH & from,the_tents_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob)

Malachi is describing the people of Israel by association with their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: [May Yahweh cut off from the tents of the people of Israel]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה

cut_off YHWH

The expression cut off is one that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to “remove.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [May Yahweh remove]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

מֵ⁠אָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב

from,the_tents_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob)

Malachi is using the word tents by association to mean the community of Israel. Alternate translation: [from the community of Israel]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

לָ⁠אִ֨ישׁ

(to),person

Here the masculine term man has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: [anyone]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / merism

עֵ֣ר וְ⁠עֹנֶ֔ה

awake and,[one_who]_answers

Malachi is speaking of two extremes in order to include them and everything in between. He is alluding to a watchman guarding a city at night (the one being awake) and someone approaching the city who is responding to the challenge, “Who is there?” (the one answering). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [no matter who he is]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. YHWH
    2. -
    3. 3354
    5. 544357
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380647
    1. May he cut off
    2. -
    3. 3652
    5. 544356
    6. V-Vhj3ms
    8. S
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380646
    1. (to) person
    2. -
    3. 3705,266
    5. 544358,544359
    6. S-Rd,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380648
    1. who
    2. -
    3. 238
    5. 544360
    6. S-Tr
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380649
    1. he does it
    2. -
    3. 6035,4876
    5. 544361,544362
    6. VO-Vqi3ms,Sn
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380650
    1. a protector
    2. -
    3. 6118
    5. 544363
    6. O-Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380651
    1. and one who answers
    2. answers
    3. 1987,5969
    5. 544364,544365
    6. O-C,Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380652
    1. from the tents of
    2. -
    3. 4129,754
    5. 544366,544367
    6. S-R,Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380653
    1. Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob)
    2. -
    3. 3160
    5. 544368
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Israel; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380654
    1. and
    2. bringing
    3. 1987,5127
    5. 544369,544370
    6. OV-C,Vhrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380655
    1. an offering
    2. offering
    3. 4132
    5. 544371
    6. O-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380656
    1. one who brings near
    2. bringing
    3. 1987,5127
    5. 544369,544370
    6. OV-C,Vhrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380655
    1. to/for YHWH
    2. -
    3. 3705,3354
    5. 544372,544373
    6. O-R,Np
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380657
    1. hosts
    2. army-commander
    3. 6629
    5. 544374
    6. O-Ncbpa
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380658

OET (OET-LV) YHWH May_he_cut_off (to)_person who he_does_it a_protector and_one_who_answers from_the_tents_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) and_ an_offering _one_who_brings_near to/for_YHWH hosts.

OET (OET-RV) May Yahweh, the one who is awake and the one who answers, banish the men who do this from Yisrael, even if they are bringing an offering to army-commander Yahweh.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← MAL 2:12 ↑ → ► ║ ©