MIC 4:4 Interlinear View

Hebrew word order

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. וְ,יָשְׁבוּ
2. 532352,532353
3. And they will dwell
4. Then sit ≈and
5. 3427
6. SV-C,Vqq3cp
7. and,they_will_dwell
8. S
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372174
1. אִישׁ
2. 532354
3. everyone
4. every
5. 376
6. S-Ncmsa
7. everyone
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372175
1. תַּחַת
2. 532355
3. under
4. -
5. 8478
6. S-R
7. under
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372176
1. גַּפְנ,וֹ
2. 532356,532357
3. vine of his own
4. grapevine
5. 1612
6. S-Ncbsc,Sp3ms
7. vine_of,his_own
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372177
1. וְ,תַחַת
2. 532358,532359
3. and under
4. -
5. 8478
6. S-C,R
7. and,under
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372178
1. תְּאֵנָת,וֹ
2. 532360,532361
3. fig tree of his own
4. fig tree
5. 8384
6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3ms
7. fig_tree_of,his_own
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372179
1. וְ,אֵין
2. 532362,532363
3. and there +will not +be
4. -
5. 369
6. SP-C,Tn
7. and,there_[will]_not_[be]
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372180
1. מַחֲרִיד
2. 532364
3. one who terrifies
4. -
5. 2729
6. S-Vhrmsa
7. [one_who]_terrifies
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372181
1. כִּי
2. 532365
3. if/because
4. because
6. S-C
7. if/because
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372182
2. 532366
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 372183
1. פִי
2. 532367
3. the mouth of
4. -
5. 6310
6. S-Ncmsc
7. the_mouth_of
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372184
1. יְהוָה
2. 532368
3. YHWH
4. Yahweh
5. 3068
6. S-Np
7. of_Yahweh
8. -
9. Person=God; Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372185
1. צְבָאוֹת
2. 532369
3. hosts
4. -
6. S-Ncbpa
7. hosts
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372186
1. דִּבֵּר
2. 532370
3. it has spoken
4. spoken
5. 1696
6. V-Vpp3ms
7. it_has_spoken
8. -
9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
10. 372187
2. 532371
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 372188

OET (OET-RV) Then every person will be able to sit under their grapevine
⇔ ≈ and under their fig tree.
⇔ No one will make them afraid,
⇔ because Commander-in-chief Yahweh has spoken.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 4:1–8: The LORD will rule the world as King from Jerusalem and cause all nations to be at peace

In the last verse of chapter 3, Micah described the destruction that would happen to the temple and to all of Jerusalem. But here in 4:1–8, he described the future importance of the city and the many good things that will result when the LORD rules as King over all the nations from that city.

The Notes have divided this section into two paragraphs (4:1–5 and 4:6–8) with one section heading. Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord’s Future Reign (NLT)

The future reign of Yahweh in Zion (NJB)

The Lord Will Teach the Nations (GW)

Some versions use two section headings, one for 4:1–5 and another for 4:6ff. For example:

^1–5Peace and Security through Obedience

^6ffRestoration Promised after Exile (NRSV)

^1–5The Lord’s Universal Reign of Peace

^6ffIsrael Will Return from Exile (GNT)

^1–5Better Days Ahead for Jerusalem

^6ffRestoration Will Follow Crisis (NET)

You may use one or more section headings in your language.

Some versions, including the GNT and NRSV, make verse 5 a separate paragraph. Some versions, including the NRSV and NJB, make verse 8 a separate paragraph. Divide the paragraphs in a natural way in your language.

Paragraph 4:1–5

Here is a summary of Micah’s predictions in this paragraph:

(4:1a–c) The temple hill will become higher than other mountains and hills.
(4:1d–2) Many people will go there to learn about God.
(4:3–4) God will rule the world from Jerusalem. He will cause all nations to be at peace with one another.
(4:5) Even though the people of other nations follow their own gods, the people of Israel will follow the LORD forever.

The first three verses in this paragraph are very similar to Isaiah 2:2–4. If you have already translated Isaiah, you will want to translate these verses in a similar way.

4:4a

And each man will sit under his own vine and under his own fig tree,

But/Instead each person will live at home, sitting peacefully under his own grape vines and fig trees.
Instead of fighting wars, people will live in peace and safety, taking care of their own grape vines and fig trees.
Each person will stay on his own farm, and everyone will live peacefully.

And each man will sit under his own vine and under his own fig tree: In contrast to the nations needing to train for war (4:3e–f), people will live in peace (4:4a).

Some versions introduce this contrast with the word “but” (it is the same Hebrew conjunction that introduced 4:3c).

Many versions leave the relationship implied. For example:

Each man will sit… (REB)

Everyone will sit… (NCV)

This verse part is a Hebrew idiom.This same idiom is also in 1 Kings 4:25 where the writer also used the phrase “in safety” to clarify the meaning. Similar idioms are used in 2 Kings 18:31, Isaiah 36:16, and Zechariah 3:10. Literally, it says that every man (male) will sit under his own grape vine and under his own fig tree. The meaning is: “all people will live in peace and safety on their own land.” Here are some ways to translate this idiom:

Translate the idiom literally, as the BSB does.
Modify the idiom to make the meaning clearer. For example:
Everyone will live in peace among their own vineyards and fig trees (GNT)
Everyone will live in peace and prosperity, enjoying their own grapevines and fig trees (NLT)
Translate the meaning without using an idiom. For example:
Everyone will live quietly in their own homes in peace and prosperity (NLT96)
Everyone will live peacefully on their own farm.

vine…fig tree: In Hebrew, the words vine and fig tree are singular.Farmers in Israel sometimes planted grape vines and fig trees together. So it is possible that a person could sit under his own grape vine and under his own fig tree at the same time. But if it is more natural in your language, you can use plural forms, as in the GNT and NLT (quoted above).

4:4b

with no one to frighten him.

No one will cause them to be afraid of anything/anybody.
And people/they will not fear that others will attack them.

with no one to frighten him: In Hebrew, this verse part is more literally “and there will not be anyone/anything who causes fear.” It implies that people will not be afraid that an enemy army will attack them.

with: In Hebrew, this is the same conjunction that was used in 4:3c. Here it may indicate the implied result of living peacefully on one’s own farm.

Here are some ways to translate this line:

and no one will make them afraid (NIV)

for there will be nothing to fear (NLT)

without any fear (NET)

4:4c

For the mouth of the LORD of Hosts has spoken.

Yahweh of hosts himself has spoken this message.
This will surely happen, because the Almighty/All-Powerful Yahweh himself has said it.
Yahweh the Leader of the armies of heaven has promised that this will happen.

For the mouth of the LORD of Hosts has spoken: This clause refers to Micah’s message from the LORD in verses 4:1–4:4b. It emphatically gives the reason why this message is true. The reason is that the LORD of hosts himself said it.

For: Some versions translate this conjunction as For or “because.” For example:

because the Lord All-Powerful has said it (NCV)

Other versions leave implied that this clause is a reason. For example:

The Lord of Hosts himself has spoken. (REB)

Some versions use the word “promise” to make this statement emphatic. For example:

This is a solemn promise of the Lord All-Powerful. (CEV)

The Lord Almighty has promised this! (GNT)

the mouth…: This is a figure of speech in which the mouth represents the LORD’s whole being. In some languages, this figure of speech may be natural and clearly understood. In other languages, including English, it may be very unnatural. In such languages, it will be better to translate like the versions quoted above.

the LORD of Hosts: This is the only time that Micah used this name for God, but it is used frequently in other OT books. The word Hosts means “armies.” The CEV and GNT (quoted above) give two ways to translate this name of God. Here are some other ways:

the Lord of armies (GW)

the Lord of Heaven’s Armies (NLT)

the Lord who commands armies (NET)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

(Occurrence 0) they will sit every person under his vine and under his fig tree

(Some words not found in UHB: and,they_will_dwell (a)_man below/instead_of vine_of,his_own and,under fig_tree_of,his_own and,there_[will]_not_[be] make_~_afraid that/for/because/then/when mouth_of YHWH armies/messengers spoken )

Both the “vine” and the “fig tree” are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. If grapevines or fig trees are unknown you can translate this more generally. Alternate translation: “they will sit peacefully in their own gardens and fields”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

(Occurrence 0) for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken

The mouth is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh of hosts has spoken”

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

4:4 Everyone will be free of enemies as in Solomon’s time (1 Kgs 4:25; cp. Isa 36:16; Zech 3:10).
• The prophets frequently described God as the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. This military title expresses his control of the universe and his unlimited power. The warrior kings of the ancient Near East were no match for the Lord.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.