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interlinearVerse INT GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA PSA AMOS HOS 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH PRO ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL JOB YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC GAL 1TH 2TH 1COR 2COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1TIM TIT 1PET 2PET 2TIM HEB YUD 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN REV
OET (OET-LV) Someone said of them, an_own prophet of_them:
ones_from_Kraʸtaʸ always are liars, evil wild_beasts, idle bellies.
OET (OET-RV) One of their own prophets said that the people from Crete are liars, evil beasts, and lazy gluttons,
τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης
someone of them /an/_own ˱of˲_them prophet
Alternate translation: “A Cretan, one that they themselves consider to be a prophet”
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole
Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται
Cretans always_‹are› liars
The word always here is an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Cretans have a reputation to be liars” or “Cretans tend to be liars”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
κακὰ θηρία
evil wild_beasts
This metaphor is speaking of Cretans as if they were evil beasts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche
γαστέρες ἀργαί
bellies idle
Here the part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” or “lazy people who just want to eat”
1:12 one of their own men, a prophet from Crete, has said: This quotation is from Epimenides of Knossos, a philosopher who lived on Crete around the 500s BC.
• all liars: This charge was directed specifically at the Cretan claim to have Zeus’s tomb on the island. According to Cretan mythology, the god Zeus was once a mere human who lived and died on Crete (his tomb was said to be there) but who had achieved godhood through his patronage (i.e., gifts and benefits) to humans. Some Greek moralists opposed this legend and characterized it as a lie. A quote from Alexandria in the 200s BC reads: “Cretans are always liars. For a tomb, O Lord, Cretans build for you; but you do not die, for you are forever.” One of Crete’s own prophets (Epimenides) had the same assessment, and Paul cites his voice of conscience approvingly (1:13; see Acts 17:28), for the God who does not lie (Titus 1:2) stands in opposition to the lies of such myths.
• liars . . . animals . . . gluttons: It was believed that Cretan immorality resulted from their belief about Zeus; religious lies had given rise to moral corruption. Paul later counters these vices by presenting the contrasting virtues (2:12). He calls the Cretans to reach ethical ideals that are extolled in human society generally but were absent on Crete, as bemoaned by their own prophet. They would reach these ideals only through the gospel of Jesus Christ (2:11-14).
• lazy gluttons: Cretans were known to do anything for a little cash. They were famous as mercenaries and as insatiate consumers. They reputedly saw no shame in greed (see Phil 3:19).
• Paul applies the quotation more directly to the current false teachers than to Cretan culture generally; the false teachers carried on this Cretan tradition of immorality built on falsehood.
OET (OET-LV) Someone said of them, an_own prophet of_them:
ones_from_Kraʸtaʸ always are liars, evil wild_beasts, idle bellies.
OET (OET-RV) One of their own prophets said that the people from Crete are liars, evil beasts, and lazy gluttons,
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.