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Mal C1 C2 C3 C4

Mal 1 V1 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14

OET interlinear MAL 1:2

← MAL 1:2 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. אָהַבְתִּי
    2. 543677
    3. I have loved
    4. I've
    5. 157
    6. V-Vqp1cs
    7. I_have_loved
    8. S
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380171
    1. אֶתְ,כֶם
    2. 543678,543679
    3. you(pl)
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To,Sp2mp
    7. ,you(pl)
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380172
    1. אָמַר
    2. 543680
    3. he says
    4. -
    5. 559
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. he_says
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380173
    1. יְהוָה
    2. 543681
    3. YHWH
    4. -
    5. 3068
    6. S-Np
    7. Yahweh
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380174
    1. וַ,אֲמַרְתֶּם
    2. 543682,543683
    3. and you(pl) say
    4. ≈but
    5. 559
    6. SV-C,Vqp2mp
    7. and,you(pl)_say
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380175
    1. בַּ,מָּה
    2. 543684,543685
    3. how
    4. -
    5. 4100
    6. S-R,Ti
    7. ,how?
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380176
    1. אֲהַבְתָּ,נוּ
    2. 543686,543687
    3. have you(pl) loved us
    4. -
    5. 157
    6. VO-Vqp2ms,Sp1cp
    7. have,you(pl)_loved_us
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380177
    1. הֲ,לוֹא
    2. 543688,543689
    3. am not
    4. -
    5. 3808
    6. S-Ti,Tn
    7. am=not
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380178
    2. 543690
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 380179
    1. אָח
    2. 543691
    3. +did a brother
    4. brother
    5. 251
    6. P-Ncmsa
    7. [did]_a_brother
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380180
    1. עֵשָׂו
    2. 543692
    3. ˊĒsāv
    4. Esaw
    5. 6215
    6. S-Np
    7. Esau
    8. -
    9. Person=Esau; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380181
    1. לְ,יַֽעֲקֹב
    2. 543693,543694
    3. belong to Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob)
    4. Yacob's
    5. 3290
    6. S-R,Np
    7. [belong]_to,Jacob
    8. -
    9. Person=Israel; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380182
    1. נְאֻם
    2. 543695
    3. the utterance of
    4. -
    5. 5002
    6. P-Ncmsc
    7. the_utterance_of
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380183
    2. 543696
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 380184
    1. יְהוָה
    2. 543697
    3. YHWH
    4. -
    5. 3068
    6. P-Np
    7. of_Yahweh
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380185
    1. וָ,אֹהַב
    2. 543698,543699
    3. and I loved
    4. -
    5. 157
    6. SV-C,Vqw1cs
    7. and,I_loved
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380186
    1. אֶֽת
    2. 543700
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380187
    2. 543701
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 380188
    1. יַעֲקֹב
    2. 543702
    3. Yaˊₐqoⱱ
    4. -
    5. 3290
    6. O-Np
    7. Jacob
    8. -
    9. Person=Israel; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380189
    2. 543703
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 380190

OET (OET-LV) I_have_loved you(pl) YHWH he_says and_you(pl)_say how have_you(pl)_loved_us am_not did_a_brother ˊĒsāv belong_to_Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) the_utterance_of YHWH and_I_loved DOM Yaˊₐqoⱱ.

OET (OET-RV) “I have loved you all,” says Yahweh, but you say, “How have you shown your love for us?”
¶ “Wasn’t Esaw Yacob’s brother?” declares Yahweh. “Yet I’ve loved Yacob

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:2–5: The LORD loved the people of Israel very much

Paragraph 1:2–5

At the time when Malachi was writing, the people of Israel were discouraged. Some years earlier their enemies, the Babylonians, had defeated them in war and had taken them as slaves to Babylon.

After some time the people of Israel had been released and were now living again in their own land, but life was very difficult. Perhaps they felt that the LORD had failed to bless them as a nation. They questioned whether the LORD really loved them. The LORD answered this accusation by pointing out that he had chosen to love them more than other nations. He told them that he had shown this love when he chose their ancestor Jacob and entered into a covenant relationship with him and his descendants (Genesis 28:13–15, 35:9–12, 46:3–4).

1:2a

“I have loved you,”

I have loved you: This is the first of the LORD’s statements of fact.

have loved: The tense of the verb “love” used here in Hebrew is not limited to present time. It can include past time as well as a present. GNT makes this clear with:

I have always loved you. (GNT)

1:2b

says the LORD.

says the LORD: The speech clause, says the LORD (or “says the LORD of Hosts”), occurs many times throughout the text. This emphasizes repeatedly that this is a direct message from the LORD. See note 1 in “Literary structure and recurring features in Malachi” in the Introduction.

Notice that in the BSB this clause occurs after the speech. This is good English style. You should place your speech clause wherever it would naturally occur in your language.

1:2c

But you ask, “How have You loved us?”

But you ask: This phrase introduces the first of the objections made by the people of Israel. Most English versions keep the second person pronoun you. This emphasizes the personal relationship which the LORD had with his people.

How have You loved us?: This question expresses surprise and disbelief.

1:2d

“Was not Esau Jacob’s brother?” declares the LORD.

Was not Esau Jacob’s brother?: This is a rhetorical question. The LORD was speaking again. By using the question form, the LORD emphasized a fact that the people knew well. Esau and Jacob were children of the same father and the same mother. (In fact, they were twins. See Genesis 25:21–26.)

declares the LORD: See the note on 1:2b. Notice that in the BSB this speech clause again occurs after the question. This is good English style. You should place it wherever it would naturally occur in your language.

1:2e–3a

loved…hated: The Hebrew word which the BSB translates as hated needs to be understood in contrast to the word which the BSB translates as loved. In this context loved means “chosen,” “favored” (as in Deuteronomy 7:7–8; Jeremiah 31:3; Hosea 11:1), while hated is the opposite: “not chosen,” “rejected” or “set aside.” Jacob had been chosen to be the ancestor of the LORD’s special people. By choosing Jacob, the LORD, therefore, was not choosing Jacob’s twin brother, Esau.

In some languages it may be best to use words like “choose” and “reject.” For example:

yet I have accepted Jacob and have rejected Esau. (NJPS)

yet I chose Jacob, and rejected Esau. (NET)

Jacob…Esau: This verse is not referring only to the individuals, Jacob and Esau, but also to their descendants. Jacob was the ancestor of the nation of Israel, and Esau was the ancestor of a different nation. In some languages it may be necessary to make this explicit. For example:

2Esau and Jacob were brothers, but I have loved Jacob and his descendants, 3and have hated Esau and his descendants. (GNT)

General Comment on 1:2e–3a

In some languages it may be helpful to reverse the order of 1:2e and 1:3a. For example:

3abut it was not Esau whom I chose to be the ancestor of my people. 2eInstead, I chose Jacob and his descendants.

1:2e

“Yet Jacob I have loved,

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-quotations

אָהַ֤בְתִּי אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה

loved ,you(pl) he/it_had_said YHWH

In your translation, use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: [Yahweh says, ‘I have loved you’]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / yousingular

אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙

,you(pl)

The word you is plural here because Yahweh is addressing the Israelites as a group, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. The words “you,” “your,” and “yourselves” are usually plural in this book when they refer to the Israelites. These notes will indicate any exceptions. The word “you” is always singular when it refers to Yahweh.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם

and,you(pl)_say

Malachi is probably not quoting an actual response from the Judeans. Rather, he is anticipating an objection, stating it, and then answering it. See the further discussion in the General Introduction to Malachi. Alternate translation: [Now you may object]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / infostructure

הֲ⁠לוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְ⁠יַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וָ⁠אֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב

am=not brother ˊĒsāv [belong]_to,Jacob declares_of YHWH and,I_loved DOM Yaakob

If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases so that the speaker, Yahweh, is identified before we read the words which he speaks. Alternate translation: [Yahweh declares, “Was not Esau a brother to Jacob? Yet I loved Jacob”]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

הֲ⁠לוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְ⁠יַֽעֲקֹב֙

am=not brother ˊĒsāv [belong]_to,Jacob

Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: [Now Esau was Jacob’s brother]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

הֲ⁠לוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְ⁠יַֽעֲקֹב֙

am=not brother ˊĒsāv [belong]_to,Jacob

Yahweh is using the names Esau and Jacob by association to mean their descendants. Alternate translation: [Are the Edomites not a related people group to you Israelites?] or [Now the Edomites are a related people group to you Israelites]

Note 7 topic: writing-quotations

נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה

declares_of YHWH

This phrase indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. In your translation, use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: [Yahweh declares]

Note 8 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

וָ⁠אֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב

and,I_loved DOM Yaakob

Yahweh is referring to the Israelites as a group by using the name of their ancestor, Jacob. Alternate translation: [Yet I loved you Israelites]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

1:2 loved: In portraying a relationship between the Lord and Israel, love has covenant implications. The term may be equated with God’s choice, or election, of Israel as his people. Malachi’s message indicates that the other dimensions of God’s unconditional covenant love for Israel (such as his patient mercy; see 3:6, 17) are also still operative. See also Rom 9:13.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. I have loved
    2. I've
    3. 643
    5. 543677
    6. V-Vqp1cs
    8. S
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380171
    1. you(pl)
    2. -
    3. 347,1978
    5. 543678,543679
    6. O-To,Sp2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380172
    1. YHWH
    2. -
    3. 3354
    5. 543681
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380174
    1. he says
    2. -
    3. 683
    5. 543680
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380173
    1. and you(pl) say
    2. ≈but
    3. 1987,683
    5. 543682,543683
    6. SV-C,Vqp2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380175
    1. how
    2. -
    3. 846,4666
    5. 543684,543685
    6. S-R,Ti
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380176
    1. have you(pl) loved us
    2. -
    3. 643,1978
    5. 543686,543687
    6. VO-Vqp2ms,Sp1cp
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380177
    1. am not
    2. -
    3. 1820,3835
    5. 543688,543689
    6. S-Ti,Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380178
    1. +did a brother
    2. brother
    3. 653
    5. 543691
    6. P-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380180
    1. ˊĒsāv
    2. Esaw
    3. 5750
    5. 543692
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Esau; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380181
    1. belong to Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob)
    2. Yacob's
    3. 3705,3160
    5. 543693,543694
    6. S-R,Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Israel; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380182
    1. the utterance of
    2. -
    3. 4879
    5. 543695
    6. P-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380183
    1. YHWH
    2. -
    3. 3354
    5. 543697
    6. P-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380185
    1. and I loved
    2. -
    3. 1987,643
    5. 543698,543699
    6. SV-C,Vqw1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380186
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 543700
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380187
    1. Yaˊₐqoⱱ
    2. -
    3. 3160
    5. 543702
    6. O-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Israel; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
    10. 380189

OET (OET-LV) I_have_loved you(pl) YHWH he_says and_you(pl)_say how have_you(pl)_loved_us am_not did_a_brother ˊĒsāv belong_to_Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) the_utterance_of YHWH and_I_loved DOM Yaˊₐqoⱱ.

OET (OET-RV) “I have loved you all,” says Yahweh, but you say, “How have you shown your love for us?”
¶ “Wasn’t Esaw Yacob’s brother?” declares Yahweh. “Yet I’ve loved Yacob

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

← MAL 1:2 ↑ → ► ║ ©