MAL 1:3 Interlinear View

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. וְ,אֶת
2. 543704,543705
3. And DOM
4. -
5. 853
6. SO-C,To
7. and=\untr DOM\untr*
8. S
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380191
2. 543706
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 380192
1. עֵשָׂו
2. 543707
3. ˊĒsāv
4. -
5. 6215
6. O-Np
7. Esau
8. -
9. Person=Esau; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380193
1. שָׂנֵאתִי
2. 543708
3. I hated
4. -
5. 8130
6. V-Vqp1cs
7. I_hated
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380194
1. וָ,אָשִׂים
2. 543709,543710
3. and I have made
4. I've turned
6. SV-C,Vqw1cs
7. and,I_have_made
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380195
1. אֶת
2. 543711
3. DOM
4. -
5. 853
6. O-To
7. DOM
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380196
2. 543712
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 380197
1. הָרָי,ו
2. 543713,543714
3. mountains of his
4. -
5. 2022
6. O-Ncmpc,Sp3ms
7. mountains_of,his
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380198
1. שְׁמָמָה
2. 543715
3. a waste
4. wasteland
6. S-Ncfsa
7. a_waste
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380199
1. וְ,אֶת
2. 543716,543717
3. and DOM
4. -
5. 853
6. SO-C,To
7. and=\untr DOM\untr*
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380200
2. 543718
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 380201
1. נַחֲלָת,וֹ
2. 543719,543720
3. inheritance of his
4. inheritance
5. 5159
6. O-Ncfsc,Sp3ms
7. inheritance_of,his
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380202
1. לְ,תַנּוֹת
2. 543721,543722
3. for female jackals of
4. jackals
5. 8568
6. S-R,Ncbpc
7. for_[female],jackals_of
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380203
1. מִדְבָּר
2. 543723
3. +the wilderness
4. -
6. S-Ncmsa
7. [the]_wilderness
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380204
2. 543724
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 380205

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:2–5: The LORD loved the people of Israel very much

Paragraph 1:2–5

At the time when Malachi was writing, the people of Israel were discouraged. Some years earlier their enemies, the Babylonians, had defeated them in war and had taken them as slaves to Babylon.

After some time the people of Israel had been released and were now living again in their own land, but life was very difficult. Perhaps they felt that the LORD had failed to bless them as a nation. They questioned whether the LORD really loved them. The LORD answered this accusation by pointing out that he had chosen to love them more than other nations. He told them that he had shown this love when he chose their ancestor Jacob and entered into a covenant relationship with him and his descendants (Genesis 28:13–15, 35:9–12, 46:3–4).

1:3a

but Esau I have hated,

while I rejected Esau and his descendants.

1:3b

and I have made his mountains a wasteland

See how I have made the hill country where the descendants/people of Esau used to live an empty wasteland?
I have made the hill country of Esau’s descendants barren and deserted.

made…a wasteland: The Hebrew expression which the BSB translates as made…a wasteland literally means “made a waste.” This means that the LORD made the land barren and deserted. Some ways to say this are:About six hundred years before the birth of Christ, the Nabatean Arabs gradually took over the land of Edom, driving the Edomites from the area. (Nabaioth, the ancestor of the Nabateans, was the eldest son of Ishmael and therefore grandson of Abraham (Genesis 25:12–13).) This had already happened by the time that Malachi was writing.

I turned Esau’s hill country into a barren desert. (CEV)

I turned Esau’s mountains into a deserted wasteland. (NET)

his mountains: Esau had already been dead many years before Malachi received this prophecy. The expression which the BSB translates as his mountains refers to the hilly region where Esau’s descendants lived.

1:3c

and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”

I have left that desert land to jackals as their home.”
So that region now belongs to the wild animals.”

inheritance: This refers to the land of Edom, that is, the land where Esau and his descendants had formerly lived. The LORD had given them that land, but later he had taken it from them because of what they had done to the people of Israel.The Edomites consistently opposed the Israelites on many occasions through history. In 589–587 BC they joined with the Babylonians to fight against the people of Judah, and to destroy Jerusalem. (See the book of Obadiah, especially verses 10–14.) About six hundred years before the birth of Christ, the Nabatean Arabs gradually took over the land of Edom, driving the Edomites from the area. (Nabaioth, the ancestor of the Nabateans, was the eldest son of Ishmael and therefore grandson of Abraham (Genesis 25:12–13).) This had already happened by the time that Malachi was writing.

desert jackals: The desert jackals mentioned here are wild animals of the dog family (similar to wolves). They usually hunt in packs and often make a sad-sounding cry at night. In the Bible they are almost always associated with scenes of desolation.See Job 30:29, Psalm 44:19, Isaiah 13:22, 34:13, 35:7, 43:20, Jeremiah 9:11, 10:22, 14:6, 49:33, 50:39, 51:37, Lamentations 4:3, Micah 1:8. If jackals are unknown in your area, possible substitutes might be: wolves, hyenas, or just “wild animals.”

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וְ⁠אֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי

and=DOM ˊĒsāv hated

The word translated as hated does not always indicate a strong antipathy or loathing. In a comparison such as this one, it can mean “loved less” or “favored less.” If it would help your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: [but I have not favored Esau or his descendants, the Edomites]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

שְׁמָמָ֔ה

desolation

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of desolation, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [a desolate place]

Note 3 topic: translate-unknown

לְ⁠תַנּ֥וֹת

for_[female],jackals_of

A jackal is a wild dog that lives in the desert. If your readers would not be familiar with what a jackal is, in your translation you could use the name of a similar animal that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [desert scavengers]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Hebrew word
5. Hebrew lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. And DOM
2. -
3. 1987,347
5. 543704,543705
6. SO-C,To
8. S
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380191
1. ˊĒsāv
2. -
3. 5750
5. 543707
6. O-Np
8. -
9. Person=Esau; Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380193
1. I hated
2. -
3. 8101
5. 543708
6. V-Vqp1cs
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380194
1. and I have made
2. I've turned
3. 1987,8148
5. 543709,543710
6. SV-C,Vqw1cs
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380195
1. DOM
2. -
3. 347
5. 543711
6. O-To
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380196
1. mountains of his
2. -
3. 1906,1978
5. 543713,543714
6. O-Ncmpc,Sp3ms
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380198
1. a waste
2. wasteland
3. 7495
5. 543715
6. S-Ncfsa
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380199
1. and DOM
2. -
3. 1987,347
5. 543716,543717
6. SO-C,To
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380200
1. inheritance of his
2. inheritance
3. 5077,1978
5. 543719,543720
6. O-Ncfsc,Sp3ms
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380202
1. for female jackals of
2. jackals
3. 3705,8323
5. 543721,543722
6. S-R,Ncbpc
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380203
1. +the wilderness
2. -
3. 4057
5. 543723
6. S-Ncmsa
8. -
9. Y-397; TProphecies_of_Malachi
10. 380204

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.