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Sng C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8

Sng 4 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V14 V15 V16

OET interlinear SNG 4:13

◄ ← SNG 4:13 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. שְׁלָחַיִ,ךְ
    2. 405072,405073
    3. Shoots of your
    4. -
    5. 7973
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp2fs
    7. shoots_of,your
    8. S
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282816
    1. פַּרְדֵּס
    2. 405074
    3. +are a garden of
    4. -
    5. 6508
    6. P-Ncmsc
    7. [are]_a_garden_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282817
    1. רִמּוֹנִים
    2. 405075
    3. pomegranates
    4. pomegranate
    5. 7416
    6. P-Ncmpa
    7. pomegranates
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282818
    1. עִם
    2. 405076
    3. with
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282819
    1. פְּרִי
    2. 405077
    3. fruit of
    4. fruits
    5. 6529
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. fruit_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282820
    1. מְגָדִים
    2. 405078
    3. excellence(s)
    4. -
    5. 4022
    6. S-Ncmpa
    7. excellence(s)
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282821
    1. כְּפָרִים
    2. 405079
    3. henna plants
    4. henna
    6. P-Ncmpa
    7. henna_plants
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282822
    1. עִם
    2. 405080
    3. with
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282823
    2. 405081
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 282824
    1. נְרָדִים
    2. 405082
    3. nard plants
    4. -
    5. 5373
    6. S-Ncmpa
    7. nard_plants
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282825
    2. 405083
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 282826

OET (OET-LV) Shoots_of_your are_a_garden_of pomegranates with fruit_of excellence(s) henna_plants with nard_plants.

OET (OET-RV) Your shoots are an orchard of pomegranate trees with delicious fruits,
 ⇔ and henna and nard spice plants,

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 3:6–5:1: The man and woman married and the man praised her

In 3:6 a new section begins. The author indicates this by several obvious changes from (3:1–5):

  1. The scene changes from a nighttime dream to a public daytime event.

  2. There is a change of speaker.

  3. The search theme in the preceding verses changes to a wedding theme in this section.

  4. The mood changes from anxious searching to joyful celebration.

In this section the author describes the couple’s wedding day. The section has several parts:

3:6–11 The man and woman came to their wedding in a grand procession

4:1–15 The man described his beautiful bride

4:16–5:1 The man and woman consummated their marriage

Paragraph 4:8–15 The man called his bride from Lebanon; and compared her to a private garden

In these lines the man continued to use figurative language to praise his bride (4:8–15). First, he spoke to her as if he and she were in Lebanon. Lebanon is a region north of Israel. It is far from Jerusalem (Zion), where they celebrated their wedding. In Lebanon the rugged mountains and wild animals make it dangerous for people to travel. The man calling the woman from Lebanon symbolizes that he thought the woman was wonderful and mysterious (like Lebanon), but perhaps she was reluctant to fully surrender herself to him. She seemed beyond his reach, as though she was up in the mountains, guarded by wild animals. Because he loved her, he was gentle as he wooed her, preparing her to surrender herself to him.

As you translate these lines, it is important to remember that the author used figurative language. The woman was not actually in Lebanon, and the man did not refer to a real journey from there. The garden descriptions in 4:12–15 are also figurative. They do not describe an actual garden.

Several poetic themes help to unify 4:8–15 and 4:16–5:1:

  1. Lebanon (4:8, 11, 15): In the OT, Lebanon is often portrayed as a remote, beautiful, and fragrant place with mountains and cedar forests. (For example, see Psalm 72:16; Isaiah 35:2; 60:13; and Hosea 14:5–7.)

  2. fragrances (4:10–11, 13–14, 16, 5:1, and maybe implied in 4:8)Lebanon was especially known for its fragrant cedar trees. So fragrance is probably implied in 4:8.

  3. tastes (4:10–11, 13–14, 16, 5:1)

  4. the garden metaphor (especially in focus in 4:12–5:1)

The context of 4:8–5:1, as well as 3:6–4:7, is probably the day of the couple’s wedding. In 5:1, the women of Jerusalem encouraged them to consummate their love as husband and wife.

4:13a

Your branches are an orchard of pomegranates

Your branches are an orchard: Here the author again compares the woman to a garden. The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as Your branches occurs only here in the OT, and its meaning is uncertain. It seems to refer in general to what comes out from something else, like the shoots of plants, the streams of a river,For a brief discussion of this meaning, see Bloch and Bloch, page 177. or the legs and arms of a person. Because of its general meaning, it must be translated in different ways in different contexts.

The phrase Your branches are an orchard is a metaphor. Some other ways to translate it in this context are:

When you translate this metaphor, be careful that what it communicates is beautiful, and not ugly, humorous, or shocking. It should imply that the woman was refreshing and lovely like a garden. In some languages it may be more natural to speak of the woman herself instead of using the metaphor of branches. For example:

You are like a lovely orchard (NLT96)

You are paradise that produces pomegranates (GW)

an orchard: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as orchard also means “paradise,”The word in the Hebrew text is actually a Persian loan word meaning “park” or “paradise.” It was transliterated into Greek and also passed into English as a transliteration. and some versions translate it this way. orchard or “paradise” is parallel to “garden” in 4:12a.

of pomegranates: The word pomegranates refers to the fruit that grows on small bush-like trees that are also called “pomegranate trees.” The pomegranate fruit is smooth and red on the outside. Inside, its seeds are surrounded with a jelly-like pulp. Its juice is sweet and refreshing and was sometimes made into syrup or wine. The pomegranate fruit symbolized beauty. For more information and a picture of the fruit, see the note on 4:3c.

4:13b

with the choicest of fruits,

with the choicest of fruits: The phrase with the choicest of fruits introduces a list of the finest fruits and spices. The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as with is used several times in the list to introduce another fruit or spice.

In some languages (as in English), a connector like with may be confusing here. It may wrongly imply that pomegranate trees produce many kinds of fruit besides pomegranates. However, the meaning here is “along with” or simply “and.” Other ways to translate the connection between 4:13a and 4:13b are:

pomegranates along with many other choicest fruits…

pomegranates and the best fruits (GW)

For the list in 4:13–14 use natural connectors in your language.

the choicest of fruits: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as fruits is a general word for fruit. The phrase the choicest of fruits indicates a variety of the best and most delicious kinds of fruit. Some other ways to translate the phrase are:

the best/finest fruits

rare spices (NLT)

as well as many other wonderful fruits

4:13c

with henna and nard,

In 14:13c the list of orchard plants continues.

with henna and nard: The phrase henna and nard refers to two plants that smell sweet. Some other ways to translate the phrase are:

henna bushes and nard plants

henna and nard

henna: The word henna refers to a shrub (bush) with very fragrant flowers.

nard: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as nard is a plant used to produce an oil which has a sweet spicy fragrance. This plant is often called “spikenard.” It grows in the Himalaya mountains, far from Israel, and it was expensive for people in Israel to buy. If people are not familiar with nard in your area, it is helpful to indicate what it is, or to use a general word or phrase. For example:

nard plants

nard spice bushes

sweet-smelling spice bushes

This word also occurred in 1:12b, where the Notes recommended that translators refer to the plant in a more general way. For more information, see the note there.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / exmetaphor

שְׁלָחַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙

shoots_of,your

The word translated as shoots refers to the stems and roots that come out (shoot out) from trees and plants. The word shoots is used here to refer to the woman so if it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate the phrase Your shoots as “You”. Alternately, you could translate it with a more general term that your language uses to speak of what grows out of plants and trees. Alternate translation: [Your sprouts are]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. Shoots of your
    2. -
    3. 7474,1978
    5. 405072,405073
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp2fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282816
    1. +are a garden of
    2. -
    3. 6321
    5. 405074
    6. P-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282817
    1. pomegranates
    2. pomegranate
    3. 7133
    5. 405075
    6. P-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282818
    1. with
    2. -
    3. 5681
    5. 405076
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282819
    1. fruit of
    2. fruits
    3. 6173
    5. 405077
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282820
    1. excellence(s)
    2. -
    3. 4297
    5. 405078
    6. S-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282821
    1. henna plants
    2. henna
    3. 3673
    5. 405079
    6. P-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282822
    1. with
    2. -
    3. 5681
    5. 405080
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282823
    1. nard plants
    2. -
    3. 5036
    5. 405082
    6. S-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282825

OET (OET-LV) Shoots_of_your are_a_garden_of pomegranates with fruit_of excellence(s) henna_plants with nard_plants.

OET (OET-RV) Your shoots are an orchard of pomegranate trees with delicious fruits,
 ⇔ and henna and nard spice plants,

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← SNG 4:13 ↑ → ► ║ ©