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Sng C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8

Sng 4 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V15 V16

OET interlinear SNG 4:14

◄ ← SNG 4:14 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. נֵרְדְּ
    2. 405084
    3. Nard
    4. -
    5. 5373
    6. P-Ncmsa
    7. nard
    8. S
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282827
    2. 405085
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-paseq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 282828
    1. וְ,כַרְכֹּם
    2. 405086,405087
    3. and saffron
    4. saffron
    5. 3750
    6. P-C,Ncmsa
    7. and,saffron
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282829
    1. קָנֶה
    2. 405088
    3. calamus
    4. calamus
    5. 7070
    6. P-Ncmsa
    7. calamus
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282830
    1. וְ,קִנָּמוֹן
    2. 405089,405090
    3. and cinnamon
    4. cinnamon
    5. 7076
    6. P-C,Ncmsa
    7. and,cinnamon
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282831
    1. עִם
    2. 405091
    3. with
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282832
    1. כָּל
    2. 405092
    3. all of
    4. -
    5. 3605
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. all_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282833
    2. 405093
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 282834
    1. עֲצֵי
    2. 405094
    3. +the trees of
    4. trees
    5. 6086
    6. S-Ncmpc
    7. [the]_trees_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282835
    1. לְבוֹנָה
    2. 405095
    3. frankincense
    4. -
    5. 3828
    6. S-Ncfsa
    7. frankincense
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282836
    1. מֹר
    2. 405096
    3. myrrh
    4. myrrh
    5. 4753
    6. P-Ncmsa
    7. myrrh
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282837
    1. וַ,אֲהָלוֹת
    2. 405097,405098
    3. and aloes
    4. aloes
    5. 174
    6. P-C,Ncmpa
    7. and,aloes
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282838
    1. עִם
    2. 405099
    3. with
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282839
    1. כָּל
    2. 405100
    3. all of
    4. -
    5. 3605
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. all_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282840
    2. 405101
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 282841
    1. רָאשֵׁי
    2. 405102
    3. +the best of
    4. -
    6. S-Ncmpc
    7. [the]_best_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282842
    1. בְשָׂמִים
    2. 405103
    3. spices
    4. spices
    5. 1314
    6. S-Ncmpa
    7. spices
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282843
    2. 405104
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 282844

OET (OET-LV) Nard and_saffron calamus and_cinnamon with all_of the_trees_of frankincense myrrh and_aloes with all_of the_best_of spices.

OET (OET-RV) nard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees used for incense,
 ⇔ myrrh and aloes, with all the best spices,

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 3:6–5:1: The man and woman married and the man praised her

In 3:6 a new section begins. The author indicates this by several obvious changes from (3:1–5):

  1. The scene changes from a nighttime dream to a public daytime event.

  2. There is a change of speaker.

  3. The search theme in the preceding verses changes to a wedding theme in this section.

  4. The mood changes from anxious searching to joyful celebration.

In this section the author describes the couple’s wedding day. The section has several parts:

3:6–11 The man and woman came to their wedding in a grand procession

4:1–15 The man described his beautiful bride

4:16–5:1 The man and woman consummated their marriage

Paragraph 4:8–15 The man called his bride from Lebanon; and compared her to a private garden

In these lines the man continued to use figurative language to praise his bride (4:8–15). First, he spoke to her as if he and she were in Lebanon. Lebanon is a region north of Israel. It is far from Jerusalem (Zion), where they celebrated their wedding. In Lebanon the rugged mountains and wild animals make it dangerous for people to travel. The man calling the woman from Lebanon symbolizes that he thought the woman was wonderful and mysterious (like Lebanon), but perhaps she was reluctant to fully surrender herself to him. She seemed beyond his reach, as though she was up in the mountains, guarded by wild animals. Because he loved her, he was gentle as he wooed her, preparing her to surrender herself to him.

As you translate these lines, it is important to remember that the author used figurative language. The woman was not actually in Lebanon, and the man did not refer to a real journey from there. The garden descriptions in 4:12–15 are also figurative. They do not describe an actual garden.

Several poetic themes help to unify 4:8–15 and 4:16–5:1:

  1. Lebanon (4:8, 11, 15): In the OT, Lebanon is often portrayed as a remote, beautiful, and fragrant place with mountains and cedar forests. (For example, see Psalm 72:16; Isaiah 35:2; 60:13; and Hosea 14:5–7.)

  2. fragrances (4:10–11, 13–14, 16, 5:1, and maybe implied in 4:8)Lebanon was especially known for its fragrant cedar trees. So fragrance is probably implied in 4:8.

  3. tastes (4:10–11, 13–14, 16, 5:1)

  4. the garden metaphor (especially in focus in 4:12–5:1)

The context of 4:8–5:1, as well as 3:6–4:7, is probably the day of the couple’s wedding. In 5:1, the women of Jerusalem encouraged them to consummate their love as husband and wife.

4:14a

with nard and saffron,

In 4:14 the man continued to list plants that were found in the beautiful garden that he described. He used the plants in a figurative way to describe his bride.

with nard: The oil of the nard plant is expensive for people in Israel and the Near East. The author repeats nard here (from 4:13) for emphasis. Consider how to emphasize it in a natural way in your language. For example:

even nard plants

the expensive nard spice

In some languages it is helpful to have another introduction to the comparisons. For example:

Yes, in the garden are precious nard plants.

and saffron: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as saffron is a type of crocus with purple flowers. It was used to produce an oil with a sweet floral fragrance. In some languages it is helpful to indicate what saffron refers to. For example:

saffron flowers

beautiful saffron flowers

4:14b

with calamus and cinnamon,

The list of orchard plants continues in this part of the verse.

with calamus: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as calamus probably refers to a type of sweet cane. It produces an oil that has a spicy fragrance. Some other ways to translate calamus here are:

calamus plants

sweet cane plants

calamus canes that produce fragrant oil

and cinnamon: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as cinnamon refers to the small tree called “cinnamon.” The bark of the cinnamon tree is used to make a fragrant spice. In the Bible this spice was used to make anointing oil.

Some other ways to translate cinnamon here are:

cinnamon trees

cinnamon spice trees

4:14c

with every kind of frankincense tree, with myrrh and aloes,

with every kind of frankincense tree, with myrrh and aloes: The phrase every kind of introduces a list of other spice trees, frankincense, myrrh and aloes, in addition to the cinnamon tree that was just mentioned in 4:14b.

frankincense: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as frankincense also occurred in 3:6c. For more information, see the note there. You should translate it in the same way in both verses.

myrrh: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as myrrh also occurred in 3:6c. For more information, see the note there. You should translate it in the same way in both verses.

aloes: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as aloes refers here to a type of fragrant resin that is sometimes found inside certain trees of east India. The resin develops because of an infection in the tree, which causes the resin to grow inside the tree. The aloes resin is rare and valuable. Other ways to translate aloes here are:

aloes wood

aloes resin

fragrant resin called aloes

4:14d

with all the finest spices.

with all the finest spices: The phrase with all the finest spices indicates that there are many other fragrant spices. It implies that the man could list them all as being in the “garden” to which he compared the woman. She was as wonderful as all those spices. The spices are so many that he cannot list them all specifically.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

along with all the other best/finest spices

and every other lovely spice. (NLT)

General Comment on 4:13–14

In these two verses the man compared the woman to a garden that was extravagant. Many of the plants were rare and valuable. Some of them were not native to Palestine, where the man and woman lived. It had the most wonderful fragrant plants that a person can imagine. This description of the fantasy garden is a hyperbole. It implies that the man considered his beloved to be full of wonderful delights.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: translate-unknown

וְ⁠כַרְכֹּ֗ם קָנֶה֙ וְ⁠קִנָּמ֔וֹן & וַ⁠אֲהָל֔וֹת

and,saffron calamus and,cinnamon & and,aloes

Both saffron, a beautiful flowering plant that produces purple flowers, and calamus, a cane, were used to make a pleasant-smelling oil. The term cinnamon refers to a spice made from the bark of the cinnamon tree. The term aloes refers to the pleasant-smelling resin that comes from specific trees in Asia. If your readers would not be familiar with these types of plants, you could use the names of similar plants in your area, or you could use more general terms. Alternate translation: [and saffron flowers, calamus canes and cinnamon trees … and pleasant-smelling resins called aloes]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. Nard
    2. -
    3. 5036
    5. 405084
    6. P-Ncmsa
    8. S
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282827
    1. and saffron
    2. saffron
    3. 1987,3576
    5. 405086,405087
    6. P-C,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282829
    1. calamus
    2. calamus
    3. 6961
    5. 405088
    6. P-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282830
    1. and cinnamon
    2. cinnamon
    3. 1987,6820
    5. 405089,405090
    6. P-C,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282831
    1. with
    2. -
    3. 5681
    5. 405091
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282832
    1. all of
    2. -
    3. 3671
    5. 405092
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282833
    1. +the trees of
    2. trees
    3. 5736
    5. 405094
    6. S-Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282835
    1. frankincense
    2. -
    3. 3717
    5. 405095
    6. S-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282836
    1. myrrh
    2. myrrh
    3. 4793
    5. 405096
    6. P-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282837
    1. and aloes
    2. aloes
    3. 1987,645
    5. 405097,405098
    6. P-C,Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282838
    1. with
    2. -
    3. 5681
    5. 405099
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282839
    1. all of
    2. -
    3. 3671
    5. 405100
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282840
    1. +the best of
    2. -
    3. 7356
    5. 405102
    6. S-Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282842
    1. spices
    2. spices
    3. 1082
    5. 405103
    6. S-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1014
    10. 282843

OET (OET-LV) Nard and_saffron calamus and_cinnamon with all_of the_trees_of frankincense myrrh and_aloes with all_of the_best_of spices.

OET (OET-RV) nard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees used for incense,
 ⇔ myrrh and aloes, with all the best spices,

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← SNG 4:14 ↑ → ► ║ ©