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interlinearVerse INTGENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOSJDGRUTH1SA2SAPSAAMOSHOS1KI2KI1CH2CHPROECCSNGJOELMICISAZEPHABJERLAMYNANAHOBADANEZEEZRAESTNEHHAGZECMALJOBYHNMARKMATLUKEACTsYACGAL1TH2TH1COR2CORROMCOLPHMEPHPHP1TIMTIT1PET2PET2TIMHEBYUD1YHN2YHN3YHNREV

Est C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10

OET interlinear EST 3:2

 EST 3:2 ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וְ,כָל
    2. 331378,331379
    3. And all
    4. Then
    5. 3605
    6. -C,Ncmsc
    7. and=all
    8. S
    9. Y-453
    10. 229517
    1. 331380
    2. -
    3. -
    4. -x-maqqef
    5. -
    6. -
    7. 229518
    1. עַבְדֵי
    2. 331381
    3. the servants
    4. -
    5. 5650
    6. -Ncmpc
    7. the_servants
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229519
    1. הַ,מֶּלֶךְ
    2. 331382,331383
    3. the king
    4. -
    5. 4428
    6. -Td,Ncmsa
    7. the=king
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229520
    1. אֲשֶׁר
    2. 331384
    3. who
    4. -
    5. -Tr
    6. who
    7. -
    8. -
    9. 229521
    1. 331385
    2. -
    3. -
    4. -x-maqqef
    5. -
    6. -
    7. 229522
    1. בְּ,שַׁעַר
    2. 331386,331387
    3. in/on/at/with gate
    4. -
    5. 8179
    6. -R,Ncmsc
    7. in/on/at/with,gate
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229523
    1. הַ,מֶּלֶךְ
    2. 331388,331389
    3. the king
    4. -
    5. 4428
    6. -Td,Ncmsa
    7. the=king
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229524
    1. כֹּרְעִים
    2. 331390
    3. [were] kneeling
    4. -
    5. 3766
    6. -Vqrmpa
    7. [were]_kneeling
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229525
    1. וּ,מִשְׁתַּחֲוִים
    2. 331391,331392
    3. and paid homage
    4. -
    5. 7812
    6. -C,Vvrmpa
    7. and,paid_homage
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229526
    1. לְ,הָמָן
    2. 331393,331394
    3. to Haman
    4. -
    5. 2001
    6. -R,Np
    7. to,Haman
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229527
    1. כִּי
    2. 331395
    3. if/because
    4. -
    5. -C
    6. if/because
    7. -
    8. -
    9. 229528
    1. 331396
    2. -
    3. -
    4. -x-maqqef
    5. -
    6. -
    7. 229529
    1. כֵן
    2. 331397
    3. thus
    4. -
    5. adv-D
    6. thus
    7. -
    8. -
    9. 229530
    1. צִוָּה
    2. 331398
    3. he had commanded
    4. commanded
    5. 6680
    6. v-Vpp3ms
    7. he_had_commanded
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229531
    1. 331399
    2. -
    3. -
    4. -x-maqqef
    5. -
    6. -
    7. 229532
    1. ל,וֹ
    2. 331400,331401
    3. to him/it
    4. -
    5. -R,Sp3ms
    6. to=him/it
    7. -
    8. -
    9. 229533
    1. הַ,מֶּלֶךְ
    2. 331402,331403
    3. the king
    4. -
    5. 4428
    6. -Td,Ncmsa
    7. the=king
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229534
    1. וּ,מָרְדֳּכַי
    2. 331404,331405
    3. and Mārəddəkay
    4. -
    5. 4782
    6. s-C,Np
    7. and,Mordecai
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229535
    1. לֹא
    2. 331406
    3. not
    4. -
    5. 3808
    6. adv-Tn
    7. not
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229536
    1. יִכְרַע
    2. 331407
    3. he knelt
    4. -
    5. 3766
    6. v-Vqi3ms
    7. he_knelt
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229537
    1. וְ,לֹא
    2. 331408,331409
    3. and not
    4. -
    5. 3808
    6. adv-C,Tn
    7. and=not
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229538
    1. יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה
    2. 331410
    3. he bowed down
    4. -
    5. 7812
    6. v-Vvi3ms
    7. he_bowed_down
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229539
    1. 331411
    2. -
    3. -
    4. -x-sof-pasuq
    5. -
    6. -
    7. 229540

OET (OET-LV)And_all the_servants the_king who in/on/at/with_gate the_king [were]_kneeling and_paid_homage to_Haman if/because thus he_had_commanded to_him/it the_king and_Mārəddəkay not he_knelt and_not he_bowed_down.

OET (OET-RV)Then the king commanded that all his other officials had to bow down in front of Haman to honour him, and they were doing this at the king’s gate, except for Mordekai who refused to bow down to reverence Haman.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

וְ⁠כָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ

and=all servants the=king which/who in/on/at/with,gate the=king

Here, the gate of the king, probably the entrance to the citadel, may represent the citadel itself, the place where these people served the king. The citadel, in turn, would represent everyone who served the king. So you could say just “all the king’s other servants.” However, this may also be a reference to the specific group of officials who were stationed at the gate, the way Mordecai was. Alternate translation: “the royal officials who were stationed at the palace gate”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וְ⁠כָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ & כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְ⁠הָמָ֔ן

and=all servants the=king & bowed_down and,paid_homage to,Haman

The servants were required to do this as a way of honoring him whenever Haman walked by. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly, as in the UST.

Note 3 topic: translate-symaction

כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙

bowed_down and,paid_homage

This means that the other officials humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman. These actions represented recognition and respect for the very high position that the king had given him in the Persian government.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙

bowed_down and,paid_homage

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that the officials knew how important it was to obey the king’s command and honor Haman in this way. You could combine them as UST does and say something like “bow down all the way to the ground.” Alternate translation: “bowing and lying down on the ground”

וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙

and,paid_homage

This means bowing down all the way to the ground.

Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣⁠וֹ

that/for/because/then/when so commanded to=him/it

If it would be helpful in your language, you could put this information first in the verse because it explains the reason why all the other officials were bowing to Haman. See the UST.

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣⁠וֹ

that/for/because/then/when so commanded to=him/it

The king did this as a sign of Haman’s new position. You can state this here or in a separate sentence, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “the king had commanded them to do this in order to show that he had given Haman such a high position”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

וּ⁠מָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה

and,Mordecai not bow_down and=not pay_homage

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize how serious an offense this was against the king’s command and how much determination it took for Mordecai to remain standing. You could combine these phrases as UST does and say, “But Mordecai refused to bow down to Haman.” Alternate translation: “Mordecai did not bow down or lie on the ground”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וּ⁠מָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה

and,Mordecai not bow_down and=not pay_homage

It appears that as a Jew, Mordecai considered it wrong to worship anyone other than Yahweh, and that he believed he would be worshiping Haman if he bowed down low to the ground to honor him. So, on religious grounds, Mordecai refused to bow down. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

3:2 It was a common custom to bow down before a superior (e.g., Gen 33:3). Since Mordecai served at the large gate to the palace and Haman entered the king’s court through that gate, there were many opportunities for Mordecai to break the king’s command and not bow before Haman.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And all
    2. Then
    3. 1814,3401
    4. 331378,331379
    5. -C,Ncmsc
    6. S
    7. Y-453
    8. 229517
    1. the servants
    2. -
    3. 5356
    4. 331381
    5. -Ncmpc
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229519
    1. the king
    2. -
    3. 1723,3997
    4. 331382,331383
    5. -Td,Ncmsa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229520
    1. who
    2. -
    3. 247
    4. 331384
    5. -Tr
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229521
    1. in/on/at/with gate
    2. -
    3. 821,7228
    4. 331386,331387
    5. -R,Ncmsc
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229523
    1. the king
    2. -
    3. 1723,3997
    4. 331388,331389
    5. -Td,Ncmsa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229524
    1. [were] kneeling
    2. -
    3. 3379
    4. 331390
    5. -Vqrmpa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229525
    1. and paid homage
    2. -
    3. 1814,7278
    4. 331391,331392
    5. -C,Vvrmpa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229526
    1. to Haman
    2. -
    3. 3430,1775
    4. 331393,331394
    5. -R,Np
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229527
    1. if/because
    2. -
    3. 3211
    4. 331395
    5. -C
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229528
    1. thus
    2. -
    3. 3255
    4. 331397
    5. adv-D
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229530
    1. he had commanded
    2. commanded
    3. 6185
    4. 331398
    5. v-Vpp3ms
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229531
    1. to him/it
    2. -
    3. 3430
    4. 331400,331401
    5. -R,Sp3ms
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229533
    1. the king
    2. -
    3. 1723,3997
    4. 331402,331403
    5. -Td,Ncmsa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229534
    1. and Mārəddəkay
    2. -
    3. 1814,4477
    4. 331404,331405
    5. s-C,Np
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229535
    1. not
    2. -
    3. 3555
    4. 331406
    5. adv-Tn
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229536
    1. he knelt
    2. -
    3. 3379
    4. 331407
    5. v-Vqi3ms
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229537
    1. and not
    2. -
    3. 1814,3555
    4. 331408,331409
    5. adv-C,Tn
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229538
    1. he bowed down
    2. -
    3. 7278
    4. 331410
    5. v-Vvi3ms
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 229539

OET (OET-LV)And_all the_servants the_king who in/on/at/with_gate the_king [were]_kneeling and_paid_homage to_Haman if/because thus he_had_commanded to_him/it the_king and_Mārəddəkay not he_knelt and_not he_bowed_down.

OET (OET-RV)Then the king commanded that all his other officials had to bow down in front of Haman to honour him, and they were doing this at the king’s gate, except for Mordekai who refused to bow down to reverence Haman.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

 EST 3:2 ©