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Est C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10

Est 4 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17

OET interlinear EST 4:1

◄ ↨ EST 4:1 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וּ,מָרְדֳּכַי
    2. 331890,331891
    3. and Mārəddəkay
    4. -
    5. 4782
    6. S-C,Np
    7. and,Mordecai
    8. -
    9. Person=Mordecai; Y-453
    10. 229862
    1. יָדַע
    2. 331892
    3. he knew
    4. -
    5. 3045
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. he_knew
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229863
    1. אֶת
    2. 331893
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229864
    2. 331894
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229865
    1. כָּל
    2. 331895
    3. all
    4. -
    5. 3605
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. all
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229866
    2. 331896
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229867
    1. אֲשֶׁר
    2. 331897
    3. that
    4. -
    6. O-Tr
    7. that
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229868
    1. נַעֲשָׂה
    2. 331898
    3. it had been done
    4. done
    6. V-VNp3ms
    7. it_had_been_done
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229869
    1. וַ,יִּקְרַע
    2. 331899,331900
    3. and he tore
    4. -
    5. 7167
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    7. and,he_tore
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229870
    1. מָרְדֳּכַי
    2. 331901
    3. Mārəddəkay
    4. -
    5. 4782
    6. S-Np
    7. Mordecai
    8. -
    9. Person=Mordecai; Y-453
    10. 229871
    1. אֶת
    2. 331902
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229872
    2. 331903
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229873
    1. בְּגָדָי,ו
    2. 331904,331905
    3. clothes of his
    4. clothes
    6. O-Ncmpc,Sp3ms
    7. clothes_of,his
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229874
    1. וַ,יִּלְבַּשׁ
    2. 331906,331907
    3. and he put on
    4. -
    5. 3847
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    7. and,he_put_on
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229875
    1. שַׂק
    2. 331908
    3. sackcloth
    4. sackcloth
    5. 8242
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. sackcloth
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229876
    1. וָ,אֵפֶר
    2. 331909,331910
    3. and ash[es]
    4. ashes
    5. 665
    6. O-C,Ncmsa
    7. and,ash[es]
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229877
    1. וַ,יֵּצֵא
    2. 331911,331912
    3. and he/it went out
    4. went
    5. 3318
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    7. and=he/it_went_out
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229878
    1. בְּ,תוֹךְ
    2. 331913,331914
    3. in the middle
    4. -
    5. 8432
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    7. in_the=middle
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229879
    1. הָ,עִיר
    2. 331915,331916
    3. the city
    4. city
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    7. the=city
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229880
    1. וַ,יִּזְעַק
    2. 331917,331918
    3. and he cried
    4. -
    5. 2199
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    7. and,he_cried
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229881
    1. זְעָקָה
    2. 331919
    3. a cry
    4. -
    5. 2201
    6. S-Ncfsa
    7. a_cry
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229882
    1. גְדֹלָה
    2. 331920
    3. loud
    4. loudly
    6. S-Aafsa
    7. loud
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229883
    1. וּ,מָרָה
    2. 331921,331922
    3. and bitter
    4. bitterly
    5. 4751
    6. S-C,Aafsa
    7. and,bitter
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229884
    2. 331923
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 229885

OET (OET-LV) and_Mārəddəkay he_knew DOM all that it_had_been_done and_ Mārəddəkay _he_tore DOM clothes_of_his and_he_put_on sackcloth and_ash[es] and_he/it_went_out in_the_middle the_city and_he_cried a_cry loud and_bitter.

OET (OET-RV) When Mordekai found out about what had been done, he tore his clothes and dressed in sackcloth and threw ashes over himself (as a sign of mourning or distress) and went out into the city centre, wailing loudly and bitterly.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 4:1–17: Mordecai asked Esther to beg the king to save the Jews

When Mordecai heard about the order to kill the Jews, he dressed in the sort of clothes he would wear to mourn someone who had died and walked around the city weeping loudly. Esther sent him other clothes but he refused to wear them. She then sent a messenger to find out why he was behaving in this way. Mordecai gave the messenger a copy of the decree to show to Esther, and he pleaded with her to go and ask the king not to destroy the Jews. Esther hesitated, but finally agreed, although it was dangerous for her to approach the king in this way and she might be killed.

4:1a

When Mordecai learned of all that had happened,

4:1b

he tore his clothes, put on sackcloth and ashes,

tore his clothes: This was one way Jews showed that something terrible had happened to them.

put on sackcloth: Sackcloth was coarse cloth usually made from goat’s hair and black in color. The Jews dressed in sackcloth to mourn for the dead or at times of great personal or national disaster.

put on…ashes: This was yet another way to show deep grief. A person would usually sprinkle the ashes on his head.

You may need to find some way of informing your readers that all these actions were a sign of being very unhappy about something. The Display shows one way. Another way would be to explain the actions in a footnote.

4:1c

and went out into the middle of the city, wailing loudly and bitterly.

wailing loudly and bitterly: Use the natural expression in your language for expressing great sorrow.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-participants

וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֗י יָדַע֙

and,Mordecai knowing

Here the story re-introduces Mordecai as the main character in focus. Alternate translation: [when Mordecai found out]

אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשָׂ֔ה

DOM all/each/any/every which/who done

Alternate translation: [about Haman’s plan to kill all the Jews] or [about those letters]

Note 2 topic: translate-symaction

וַ⁠יִּקְרַ֤ע מָרְדֳּכַי֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔י⁠ו וַ⁠יִּלְבַּ֥שׁ שַׂ֖ק וָ⁠אֵ֑פֶר

and,he_tore Mārəddəkay DOM clothes_of,his and,he_put_on sackcloth and,ash[es]

These actions demonstrate extreme sadness.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וַ⁠יִּקְרַ֤ע מָרְדֳּכַי֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔י⁠ו וַ⁠יִּלְבַּ֥שׁ שַׂ֖ק וָ⁠אֵ֑פֶר

and,he_tore Mārəddəkay DOM clothes_of,his and,he_put_on sackcloth and,ash[es]

You can explain why Mordecai did this. Alternate translation: [he was so anguished that he tore his clothes and put on rough sackcloth and threw ashes over himself]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וַ⁠יֵּצֵא֙ בְּ⁠ת֣וֹךְ הָ⁠עִ֔יר

and=he/it_went_out in_the=middle the=city

The next verse shows that Mordecai was heading towards the king’s palace. You could say that explicitly here. Mordecai might have wanted to call attention to the danger that the Jews were in by going to a public location where people were used to seeing him. Or he might have wanted to contact Esther and ask her to help with the trouble. Or he might have wanted both. Alternate translation: [he started walking towards the city center, towards the king’s palace]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

וַ⁠יִּזְעַ֛ק זְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּ⁠מָרָֽה

and,he_cried cry loudly and,bitter

Great and bitter are two words that refer to the same thing and that work together. They indicate that Mordecai’s cry was so loud because it was so anguished. Alternate translation: [cried out in anguish]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

4:1 Mordecai’s dramatic response showed extreme grief and mourning (see 2 Sam 1:11; Ezra 9; Jon 3:5-9).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. and Mārəddəkay
    2. -
    3. 1987,4809
    5. 331890,331891
    6. S-C,Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Mordecai; Y-453
    10. 229862
    1. he knew
    2. -
    3. 3207
    5. 331892
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229863
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 331893
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229864
    1. all
    2. -
    3. 3671
    5. 331895
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229866
    1. that
    2. -
    3. 238
    5. 331897
    6. O-Tr
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229868
    1. it had been done
    2. done
    3. 6035
    5. 331898
    6. V-VNp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229869
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 1987,6991
    5. 331899,331900
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229870
    1. Mārəddəkay
    2. -
    3. 4809
    5. 331901
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Mordecai; Y-453
    10. 229871
    1. he tore
    2. -
    3. 1987,6991
    5. 331899,331900
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229870
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 331902
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229872
    1. clothes of his
    2. clothes
    3. 1051,1978
    5. 331904,331905
    6. O-Ncmpc,Sp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229874
    1. and he put on
    2. -
    3. 1987,3796
    5. 331906,331907
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229875
    1. sackcloth
    2. sackcloth
    3. 8067
    5. 331908
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229876
    1. and ash[es]
    2. ashes
    3. 1987,340
    5. 331909,331910
    6. O-C,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229877
    1. and he/it went out
    2. went
    3. 1987,3278
    5. 331911,331912
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229878
    1. in the middle
    2. -
    3. 846,8360
    5. 331913,331914
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229879
    1. the city
    2. city
    3. 1893,5667
    5. 331915,331916
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229880
    1. and he cried
    2. -
    3. 1987,2132
    5. 331917,331918
    6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229881
    1. a cry
    2. -
    3. 2022
    5. 331919
    6. S-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229882
    1. loud
    2. loudly
    3. 1513
    5. 331920
    6. S-Aafsa
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229883
    1. and bitter
    2. bitterly
    3. 1987,4582
    5. 331921,331922
    6. S-C,Aafsa
    8. -
    9. Y-453
    10. 229884

OET (OET-LV) and_Mārəddəkay he_knew DOM all that it_had_been_done and_ Mārəddəkay _he_tore DOM clothes_of_his and_he_put_on sackcloth and_ash[es] and_he/it_went_out in_the_middle the_city and_he_cried a_cry loud and_bitter.

OET (OET-RV) When Mordekai found out about what had been done, he tore his clothes and dressed in sackcloth and threw ashes over himself (as a sign of mourning or distress) and went out into the city centre, wailing loudly and bitterly.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ↨ EST 4:1 ↑ → ► ║ ©