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interlinearVerse INT GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA PSA AMOS HOS 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH PRO ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC GAL 1TH 2TH 1COR 2COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1TIM TIT 1PET 2PET 2TIM HEB YUD 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN REV
OET (OET-LV) For/Because every nature of_wild_beasts both and of_birds, of_reptiles both and of_sea creatures, is_being_tamed and has_been_tamed by_the nature the human,
OET (OET-RV) Every kind of wild animal and birds and reptiles and sea creature can be tamed and has been tamed by humankind
Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-time-background
γὰρ
for
James uses For to introduce background information in the form of an illustration that will help his readers understand what he wants to teach them. Alternate translation: [Now]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole
πᾶσα & φύσις θηρίων τε καὶ πετεινῶν, ἑρπετῶν τε καὶ ἐναλίων, δαμάζεται καὶ δεδάμασται
every & nature ˱of˲_wild_beasts both and ˱of˲_birds ˱of˲_reptiles both and ˱of˲_sea_‹creatures› /is_being/_tamed and /has_been/_tamed
Here, every is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: [many different kinds of beasts, birds, reptiles, and marine animals are being tamed and have been tamed]
πᾶσα γὰρ φύσις θηρίων τε καὶ πετεινῶν, ἑρπετῶν τε καὶ ἐναλίων
every for nature ˱of˲_wild_beasts both and ˱of˲_birds ˱of˲_reptiles both and ˱of˲_sea_‹creatures›
If you retain the generalization in your translation, it might be more natural in your language to use the singular for the creatures on this list. Alternate translation: [every kind of beast, bird, reptile, and marine animal]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / merism
πᾶσα γὰρ φύσις θηρίων τε καὶ πετεινῶν, ἑρπετῶν τε καὶ ἐναλίων
every for nature ˱of˲_wild_beasts both and ˱of˲_birds ˱of˲_reptiles both and ˱of˲_sea_‹creatures›
James is using various categories of creatures to mean every creature. Alternate translation: [every kind of creature that exists]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
ἐναλίων
˱of˲_sea_‹creatures›
James is using the adjective marine in the plural as a noun. (ULT adds animals to show this.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate the term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: [sea creatures]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
δαμάζεται καὶ δεδάμασται τῇ φύσει τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ
/is_being/_tamed and /has_been/_tamed ˱by˲_the nature ¬the human
If your language does not use this passive form, you can express this with an active form. Alternate translation (place the phrase right after “For”): “the human kind is taming and has tamed”
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet
δαμάζεται καὶ δεδάμασται τῇ φύσει τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ
/is_being/_tamed and /has_been/_tamed ˱by˲_the nature ¬the human
James says both is being tamed and has been tamed for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation (place the phrase right after “For”): “the human kind is in the process of taming”
τῇ φύσει τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ
˱by˲_the nature ¬the human
Alternate translation: [by people]
OET (OET-LV) For/Because every nature of_wild_beasts both and of_birds, of_reptiles both and of_sea creatures, is_being_tamed and has_been_tamed by_the nature the human,
OET (OET-RV) Every kind of wild animal and birds and reptiles and sea creature can be tamed and has been tamed by humankind
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.