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Mic C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7

Mic 6 V1 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16

OET interlinear MIC 6:2

◄ ← MIC 6:2 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. שִׁמְעוּ
    2. 532975
    3. Hear
    4. -
    5. 8085
    6. V-Vqv2mp
    7. hear
    8. S
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372612
    1. הָרִים
    2. 532976
    3. Oh mountains
    4. mountains
    5. 2022
    6. S-Ncmpa
    7. O_mountains
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372613
    1. אֶת
    2. 532977
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372614
    2. 532978
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 372615
    1. רִיב
    2. 532979
    3. the case of
    4. -
    5. 7379
    6. O-Ncbsc
    7. the_case_of
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372616
    1. יְהוָה
    2. 532980
    3. YHWH
    4. Yahweh's
    5. 3068
    6. O-Np
    7. of_Yahweh
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372617
    1. וְ,הָ,אֵתָנִים
    2. 532981,532982,532983
    3. and Oh enduring ones
    4. enduring
    5. 386
    6. S-C,Td,Aampa
    7. and,O,enduring_[ones]
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372618
    1. מֹסְדֵי
    2. 532984
    3. +the foundations of
    4. foundations
    5. 4146
    6. S-Ncbpc
    7. [the]_foundations_of
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372619
    1. אָרֶץ
    2. 532985
    3. +the earth
    4. earth
    5. 776
    6. S-Ncbsa
    7. [the]_earth
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372620
    1. כִּי
    2. 532986
    3. if/because
    4. because
    6. S-C
    7. if/because
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372621
    1. רִיב
    2. 532987
    3. a case at law
    4. -
    5. 7379
    6. S-Ncbsa
    7. a_case_at_law
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372622
    1. לַֽ,יהוָה
    2. 532988,532989
    3. to/for YHWH
    4. -
    5. 3068
    6. P-R,Np
    7. to/for=\nd YHWH\nd*
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372623
    1. עִם
    2. 532990
    3. with
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372624
    2. 532991
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 372625
    1. עַמּ,וֹ
    2. 532992,532993
    3. people of his
    4. people
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    7. people_of,his
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372626
    1. וְ,עִם
    2. 532994,532995
    3. and with
    4. against
    6. S-C,R
    7. and,with
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372627
    2. 532996
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 372628
    1. יִשְׂרָאֵל
    2. 532997
    3. Yisrāʼēl/(Israel)
    4. Yisrael
    5. 3478
    6. S-Np
    7. Israel
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372629
    1. יִתְוַכָּח
    2. 532998
    3. he will argue
    4. -
    5. 3198
    6. V-Vti3ms
    7. he_will_argue
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372630
    2. 532999
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 372631

OET (OET-LV) Hear Oh_mountains DOM the_case_of YHWH and_Oh_enduring_ones the_foundations_of the_earth if/because a_case_at_law to/for_YHWH with people_of_his and_with Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) he_will_argue.

OET (OET-RV) Listen to Yahweh’s lawsuit, you mountains,
 ⇔ ≈ and you enduring foundations of the earth,
 ⇔ because Yahweh has a lawsuit with his people,
 ⇔ ≈ and he’ll present evidence against Yisrael.”

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 6:1–8: The LORD brought a lawsuit against his people

In this section, the LORD (speaking through Micah) conducted a lawsuit or a court trial against the people of Israel. The LORD accused the people of Israel of failing to keep his requirements. Some scholars refer to this accusation as a “covenant lawsuit” because his requirements were based on his covenant with Israel.For example, ZIBBC (pages 140–141), Hays (page 315), and CBC (page 334). Scholars point out, however, that this lawsuit was not conventional in some ways. For example, there was no judge, the witnesses were silent, and there was no pronouncement of punishment.ZIBBC (pages 140–141) and A&F (page 513).

Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord’s case against Israel (NIV)

God Challenges Israel (NRSV)

Paragraph 6:1–2

The lawsuit/trial began with these verses. Micah called on the people to hear the LORD’s case against them and called on the mountains/hills to be witnesses.

6:2a–b

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

2a“Hear, O mountains, the LORD’s indictment,

2b you enduring foundations of the earth.

There is an ellipsis (a deliberately omitted phrase) in 6:2b. In some languages, it may be necessary to supply the missing words from 6:2a. For example:

2b hear you enduring foundations of the earth the LORD’s indictment.

In these parallel lines, Micah began conducting the case of the LORD against Israel. He first called/summoned the mountains and the foundations of the earth to be witnesses in the case.

6:2a

Hear, O mountains, the LORD’s indictment,

Hear: This is the same Hebrew word as in 6:1a.

O mountains: Here Micah addressed the mountains directly, as if they could hear and understand him. Some versions have added the word “you” or O to make it clear that O mountains, is a term of address (vocative).

Use a term of address (vocative) that is natural in your language when a person speaks to a group of listeners. In some languages, it may be helpful to use a simile here. For example:

Mountains, I call on you as witnesses to listen to the accusation of the LORD.

the LORD’s indictment: In Hebrew, the word for indictment is a form of the same word as “plead my case” in 6:1b. See the note there for more detail.

6:2b

you enduring foundations of the earth.

you enduring foundations of the earth: This phrase may refer to the bottoms of the mountains.NAC (page 109). It indicates the very old, unchanging parts of the land that had witnessed Israel’s entire history.UBS (page 226) and EBC (page 538).

Here are some other examples:

You firm foundations of the earth! (NJPS)

Listen, you strong foundations of the earth. (GW)

Micah addressed the enduring foundations of the earth directly. For more information on how to translate the vocative you see “O mountains” in 6:2a.

6:2c

For the LORD has a case against His people,

6:2d

and He will argue it against Israel:

6:2c–d

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

2cFor the LORD has a case against his people,

2dand He will argue it against Israel:

These lines give the reason why Micah asked the mountains and foundations of the earth to hear. The reason was to hear the lawsuit.

For: This word introduces a reason.

Here are some ways to introduce this clause:

Use a natural way in your language to introduce a reason.

has a case against…will argue it against: These parallel phrases are very similar in meaning. The word case against means an “argument.” Here both phrases refer to the legal case that the LORD (through Micah) was about to argue against the people of Israel.

Here are some other ways to translate these phrases:

He has a case against his people. He will bring charges against Israel. (NLT)

The Lord has a legal case against his people, and he will accuse Israel. (NCV)

The Lord has filed a lawsuit against his people. He is arguing his case against Israel. (GW)

against His people…Israel: Here the word against introduces the defendants in the case.Waltke 2007 (page 348 citing Renaud La Formation, page 292). The defendants in the LORD’s case were his people, Israel.

Both of the terms His people and Israel refer to the people of Israel. However, Micah may have used the phrase His people to remind them that they were obligated to live according to their covenant with the LORD. The phrase may also indicate that the LORD had the right to make this case against them.KD (page 333).

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

אֶת רִ֣יב יְהוָ֔ה

DOM indictment_of YHWH

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of dispute, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [Yahweh as he disputes]

Note 2 topic: writing-pronouns

עִם עַמּ֔⁠וֹ

with people_of,his

The pronoun his refers to Yahweh, and the phrase his people refers to the Israelites. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: [with the Israelites, his people]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / apostrophe

שִׁמְע֤וּ הָרִים֙ אֶת רִ֣יב יְהוָ֔ה וְ⁠הָ⁠אֵתָנִ֖ים מֹ֣סְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ

hear mountains DOM indictment_of YHWH and,O,enduring_[ones] foundations_of earth

Micah is speaking to the mountains and the foundations of the earth, which he knows cannot hear him. He is doing this to communicate to the people listening to him that he feels very strongly about everything in all creation hearing the case that Yahweh is bringing against them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words as if he were speaking directly to the people about the mountains and the foundations of the earth. Alternate translation: [Let all creation hear the dispute of Yahweh]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ עִם עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠עִם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְוַכָּֽח

(Some words not found in UHB: hear mountains DOM indictment_of YHWH and,O,enduring_[ones] foundations_of earth that/for/because/then/when case to/for=YHWH with people_of,his and,with Yisrael contend )

These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine them and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: [for Yahweh has a dispute that he is bringing against his people, Israel]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

רִ֤יב לַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ עִם עַמּ֔⁠וֹ

case to/for=YHWH with people_of,his

Micah is using a dispute is to Yahweh as a common expression of the culture to mean “Yahweh has a dispute.” If this phrase does not have that meaning for your readers, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Yahweh has a dispute with his people]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. Hear
    2. -
    3. 7841
    5. 532975
    6. V-Vqv2mp
    8. S
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372612
    1. Oh mountains
    2. mountains
    3. 1906
    5. 532976
    6. S-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372613
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 532977
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372614
    1. the case of
    2. -
    3. 7120
    5. 532979
    6. O-Ncbsc
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372616
    1. YHWH
    2. Yahweh's
    3. 3354
    5. 532980
    6. O-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372617
    1. and Oh enduring ones
    2. enduring
    3. 1987,1893,323
    5. 532981,532982,532983
    6. S-C,Td,Aampa
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372618
    1. +the foundations of
    2. foundations
    3. 4781
    5. 532984
    6. S-Ncbpc
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372619
    1. +the earth
    2. earth
    3. 422
    5. 532985
    6. S-Ncbsa
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372620
    1. if/because
    2. because
    3. 3482
    5. 532986
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372621
    1. a case at law
    2. -
    3. 7120
    5. 532987
    6. S-Ncbsa
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372622
    1. to/for YHWH
    2. -
    3. 3705,3354
    5. 532988,532989
    6. P-R,Np
    8. -
    9. Person=God; Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372623
    1. with
    2. -
    3. 5681
    5. 532990
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372624
    1. people of his
    2. people
    3. 5847,1978
    5. 532992,532993
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372626
    1. and with
    2. against
    3. 1987,5681
    5. 532994,532995
    6. S-C,R
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372627
    1. Yisrāʼēl/(Israel)
    2. Yisrael
    3. 3077
    5. 532997
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372629
    1. he will argue
    2. -
    3. 3230
    5. 532998
    6. V-Vti3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-710; TProphecies_of_Micah
    10. 372630

OET (OET-LV) Hear Oh_mountains DOM the_case_of YHWH and_Oh_enduring_ones the_foundations_of the_earth if/because a_case_at_law to/for_YHWH with people_of_his and_with Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) he_will_argue.

OET (OET-RV) Listen to Yahweh’s lawsuit, you mountains,
 ⇔ ≈ and you enduring foundations of the earth,
 ⇔ because Yahweh has a lawsuit with his people,
 ⇔ ≈ and he’ll present evidence against Yisrael.”

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← MIC 6:2 ↑ → ► ║ ©