RUTH 4:10 Interlinear View

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. וְ,גַם
2. 181080,181081
3. And also
4. -
5. 1571
6. S-C,Ta
7. and=also
8. S
9. -
10. 125147
1. אֶת
2. 181082
3. DOM
4. -
5. 853
6. O-To
7. DOM
8. -
9. -
10. 125148
2. 181083
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 125149
1. רוּת
2. 181084
3. Rūt
4. Ruth
5. 7327
6. O-Np
7. Ruth
8. -
9. Person=Ruth
10. 125150
1. הַ,מֹּאֲבִיָּה
2. 181085,181086
3. the Mōʼāⱱite woman
4. -
5. 4125
6. O-Td,Ngfsa
7. the_Moabite,[woman]
8. -
9. -
10. 125151
1. אֵשֶׁת
2. 181087
3. the wife of
4. -
5. 802
6. O-Ncfsc
7. the_wife_of
8. -
9. -
10. 125152
1. מַחְלוֹן
2. 181088
3. Maḩlōn
4. Mahlon's
5. 4248
6. O-Np
7. of_Mahlon
8. -
9. Person=Mahlon
10. 125153
1. קָנִיתִי
2. 181089
3. I acquire
4. -
5. 7069
6. V-Vqp1cs
7. I_acquire
8. -
9. -
10. 125154
1. לִ,י
2. 181090,181091
3. to me
4. -
6. S-R,Sp1cs
7. to=me
8. -
9. -
10. 125155
1. לְ,אִשָּׁה
2. 181092,181093
3. to/for (a) woman
4. -
5. 802
6. S-R,Ncfsa
7. to/for=(a)_woman
8. -
9. -
10. 125156
1. לְ,הָקִים
2. 181094,181095
3. to raise up
4. -
6. SV-R,Vhc
7. to,raise_up
8. -
9. -
10. 125157
1. שֵׁם
2. 181096
3. the name of
4. -
5. 8034
6. O-Ncmsc
7. the_name_of
8. -
9. -
10. 125158
2. 181097
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 125159
1. הַ,מֵּת
2. 181098,181099
3. the dead man
4. -
5. 4191
6. O-Td,Vqrmsa
7. of,the_dead_[man]
8. -
9. -
10. 125160
1. עַל
2. 181100
3. over
4. -
6. S-R
7. over
8. -
9. -
10. 125161
2. 181101
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 125162
1. נַחֲלָת,וֹ
2. 181102,181103
3. inheritance of his
4. inherit
5. 5159
6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3ms
7. inheritance_of,his
8. -
9. -
10. 125163
1. וְ,לֹא
2. 181104,181105
3. and not
4. -
5. 3808
6. S-C,Tn
7. and=not
8. -
9. -
10. 125164
2. 181106
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 125165
1. יִכָּרֵת
2. 181107
3. it will be cut off
4. -
5. 3772
6. V-VNi3ms
7. it_will_be_cut_off
8. -
9. -
10. 125166
1. שֵׁם
2. 181108
3. the name of
4. -
5. 8034
6. S-Ncmsc
7. the_name_of
8. -
9. -
10. 125167
2. 181109
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 125168
1. הַ,מֵּת
2. 181110,181111
3. of the dead man
4. -
5. 4191
6. S-Td,Vqrmsa
7. of,the_dead_[man]
8. -
9. -
10. 125169
1. מֵ,עִם
2. 181112,181113
3. from with
4. among
6. S-R,R
7. from,with
8. -
9. -
10. 125170
1. אֶחָי,ו
2. 181114,181115
3. brothers of his
4. relatives
5. 251
6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3ms
7. brothers_of,his
8. -
9. -
10. 125171
1. וּ,מִ,שַּׁעַר
2. 181116,181117,181118
3. and from the gate of
4. -
5. 8179
6. S-C,R,Ncmsc
7. and,from,the_gate_of
8. -
9. -
10. 125172
1. מְקוֹמ,וֹ
2. 181119,181120
3. his place of his
4. -
5. 4725
6. S-Ncmsc,Sp3ms
7. his_place_of,his
8. -
9. -
10. 125173
1. עֵדִים
2. 181121
3. +are witnesses
4. -
5. 5707
6. P-Ncmpa
7. [are]_witnesses
8. -
9. -
10. 125174
1. אַתֶּם
2. 181122
3. you(pl)
4. -
6. S-Pp2mp
7. you(pl)
8. -
9. -
10. 125175
1. הַ,יּוֹם
2. 181123,181124
3. the day
4. -
5. 3117
6. S-Td,Ncmsa
7. the=day
8. -
9. -
10. 125176
2. 181125
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 125177

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 4:1–12: Boaz assumed responsibility for Ruth

In this final chapter of the book, Ruth received the reward for her loyalty to Naomi.

Boaz is in focus in the first twelve verses. He met with the other close relative in the presence of many witnesses to discuss the entire situation. The other relative did not want to buy Elimelech’s property that Naomi was selling, if the arrangement also meant that he had to marry Ruth. So Boaz said that he would act as the redeemer himself.

In section 4:13–17, Boaz and Ruth were married, and the LORD soon gave them a son. The women in Bethlehem named the son Obed and rejoiced that Naomi now had a “son” to carry on her family line and care for her in her old age. So both Naomi and Ruth were going to be cared for, and the women went from “emptiness” to “fullness.”

Section 4:18–22 concludes the book with a genealogy that lists of the family line of Perez, who was a son of Judah and grandson of Jacob (who is also called Israel). The family line is listed from Perez through Obed to King David.

Here are some other examples of section headings for 4:1–12:

Boaz Redeems Ruth (ESV)

Boaz Settles the Matter (NET)

Structure:

Some commentaries divide this section into four scenes:NICOT, Sakenfield, Cornerstone, and Sakenfield. These divide the scenes in at least two different ways.

4:1–2 Introduction: Boaz Convenes a Legal Assembly
4:3–8 Boaz Obtains the Rights of Redemption
4:9–10 Boaz Formalizes the Agreement
4:11–12 Witnessing and Blessing

One commentary divides this section into three scenes.Block (pages 203–204).

4:1–2 setting the stage for the legal drama
4:3–8 report of the legal drama
4:9–12 significance of legal drama

You may divide the paragraphs in these scenes in whatever way best fits the structure of your language.

Paragraph 4:9–10

This paragraph describes how Boaz formalized the agreement to acquire the land and also Ruth in front of the elders and the other witnesses.

The author probably discussed the land agreement first, because Boaz would not be able to marry Ruth unless he first acquired the land.Block (pages 221–223).

4:10a

Moreover, I have acquired Ruth the Moabitess, Mahlon’s widow, as my wife,

Also, I am obtaining Ruth as my wife. She is the woman from Moab who is Mahlon’s widow.
And also regarding Ruth from Moab, who used to be Mahlon’s wife, I take her to be my own wife.

Moreover, I have acquired Ruth the Moabitess, Mahlon’s widow, as my wife: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as acquired is the same word that is translated “buy” or “bought” in other parts of this chapter. It can also mean “have gotten” or “have obtained.”

Boaz was taking Ruth, Mahlon’s widow, as his wife. This was an important part of the responsibility of the “redeemer.” This is not the same as giving a payment to the parents of the bride, called a “bride-price,” which is practiced in many cultures. See how you translated “acquire” in 4:5b.

4:10b

to raise up the name of the deceased through his inheritance,

I will marry her so that Mahlon’s name will be remembered with this property.
I will marry her to keep the property in the family of Mahlon.

In 4:10b and 4:10c, Boaz stated his reasons for marrying Ruth. Here he gave a positive reason. He said that if a son would be born to him and Ruth, that son would be the heir to the property of Mahlon and would carry on Mahlon’s family name.

to raise up: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as to raise up here means “establish” or “cause to continue.” If an heir would be born, the property would continue to be known as the property of the family line of Elimelech and Mahlon.Chisholm (page 677).

the name of the deceased: This probably refers primarily to Mahlon. But Boaz was also talking about Elimelech who originally owned the property (see the GNT and NCV quoted in 4:9b). He did not distinguish between the name and property of the father Elimelek and the son Mahlon. But if you must be specific, it is recommended that you refer to Mahlon, as in 4:5c.Schipper (page 170), EBC (page 1342).

through his inheritance: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as inheritance refers to the plot of land that Elimelech owned and that his sons would have inherited after he died.

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

This way she can have a son to carry on the family name of her dead husband and to inherit the family property here in his hometown. (NLT)

I am doing this so her dead husband’s property will stay in his name and his name will not be separated from his family and his hometown. (NCV)

4:10c

so that his name will not disappear from among his brothers or from the gate of his home.

I will marry Ruth so that Mahlon’s name will not be forgotten among his family/descendants or disappear from the history of Bethlehem.
Then his family/descendants will continue to remember Mahlon and the town’s elders will repeat his name in the stories of his people.

Having given a positive reason in 4:10b for him to marry Ruth, Boaz here gave a negative reason. He said that if a son would be born to him and Ruth, people would not forget that Elimelech’s and Mahlon’s family/lineage continued to exist.

so that his name will not disappear: The Hebrew verb that the BSB translates as disappear is literally “be cut off.” If there was no heir and a different family bought Elimelech’s family land, then the name of Mahlon, and that of Elimelech and Chilion as well, would no longer be associated with this land. Their names would eventually be forgotten.

from among his brothers or from the gate of his home: Their names would be forgotten among his brothers in the family line and from the gate of his home in the town history. First, if there was no heir, there would be no descendants or relatives to talk about them. Secondly, if the property was not bought back and was used by some other family and their descendants, the names of Mahlon and Elimelech eventually would not be mentioned in relation to the property, even from the gate of his home.

his brothers: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as his brothers means Mahlon’s relatives and descendants.

or from the gate of his home: This phrase is an idiom that refers to a family’s history in relation to their property, which is equivalent to town records. Here is another possible translation:

or from the town records

4:10d

You are witnesses today.”

Today, you are witnesses.”
Today you have seen this and will be able to testify about it.”

You are witnesses today: This phrase was used to complete legal or commercial business. See the notes on 4:9b.

witnesses: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as witnesses is emphasized by being placed first in the phrase in the Hebrew text.

General Comment on 4:10a–d

Since 4:10 is very long, it may be better to break it into several shorter sentences. See the Display for examples.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וְ⁠גַ֣ם

and=also

This connecting phrase indicates that the people sitting at the gate are also witnesses to what follows. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [You are also witnesses that]

לְ⁠הָקִ֤ים שֵׁם־הַ⁠מֵּת֙ עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔⁠וֹ

to,raise_up name_of of,the_dead_[man] on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in inheritance_of,his

See how you translated this phrase in [4:5](../04/05.md). Alternate translation: [so that I might give her a son who will inherit the dead man’s property]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

הַ⁠מֵּת֙ & הַ⁠מֵּ֛ת

of,the_dead_[man] & of,the_dead_[man]

Boaz is using the adjective dead as a noun to mean the one who died. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. See how you translated it in [4:5](../04/05.md). Alternate translation: [the man who died … the dead man]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וְ⁠לֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַ⁠מֵּ֛ת מֵ⁠עִ֥ם אֶחָ֖י⁠ו וּ⁠מִ⁠שַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑⁠וֹ

and=not cut_off name_of of,the_dead_[man] from,with brothers_of,his and,from,the_gate_of his_place_of,his

Being forgotten is spoken of here as if one’s name were being cut off from a list of one’s people. Alternate translation: [so that he will not be forgotten by his brothers’ descendants and by the people of this town]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / doublenegatives

וְ⁠לֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַ⁠מֵּ֛ת מֵ⁠עִ֥ם אֶחָ֖י⁠ו וּ⁠מִ⁠שַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑⁠וֹ

and=not cut_off name_of of,the_dead_[man] from,with brothers_of,his and,from,the_gate_of his_place_of,his

If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle not and the negative be cut off. Alternate translation: [so that the name of the dead man will be preserved among his brothers and at the gate of his place]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

וּ⁠מִ⁠שַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑⁠וֹ

and,from,the_gate_of his_place_of,his

Here, the gate refers to the location where the leaders gathered and made important legal decisions for his place, which refers to his town. This location represents the people there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [and the important people of his town]

עֵדִ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם הַ⁠יּֽוֹם

witnesses you(pl) the=day

Alternate translation: [You have seen and heard these things today and can speak of them tomorrow]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.

OET interlinear RUTH 4:10

Hebrew word order