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InterlinearVerse GENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOBJOSJDGRUTH1 SAM2 SAMPSAAMOSHOS1 KI2 KI1 CHR2 CHRPROVECCSNGJOELMICISAZEPHABJERLAMYNA (JNA)NAHOBADANEZEEZRAESTNEHHAGZECMALLAOGESLESESGDNG2 PSTOBJDTWISSIRBARLJEPAZSUSBELMAN1 MAC2 MAC3 MAC4 MACYHN (JHN)MARKMATLUKEACTsYAC (JAM)GAL1 TH2 TH1 COR2 CORROMCOLPHMEPHPHP1 TIMTIT1 PET2 PET2 TIMHEBYUD (JUD)1 YHN (1 JHN)2 YHN (2 JHN)3 YHN (3 JHN)REV

2 Th C1C2C3

2 Th 3 V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8V9V10V11V12V13V14V15V16V18

OET interlinear 2 TH 3:17

 2 TH 3:17 ©

SR Greek word order

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. ho
    2. The
    3. -
    4. 35880
    5. E····NMS
    6. the
    7. the
    8. PS
    9. Y54
    10. 136810
    1. ἀσπασμός
    2. aspasmos
    3. greeting
    4. -
    5. 7830
    6. N····NMS
    7. greeting
    8. greeting
    9. -
    10. Y54; F136816
    11. 136811
    1. τῇ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DFS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y54
    11. 136812
    1. ἐμῇ
    2. emos
    3. in my own
    4. -
    5. 16990
    6. E···1DFS
    7. ˱in˲ my ‹own›
    8. ˱in˲ my ‹own›
    9. -
    10. Y54; R136815; Person=Paul
    11. 136813
    1. χειρί
    2. χeir
    3. hand
    4. -
    5. 54950
    6. N····DFS
    7. hand
    8. hand
    9. -
    10. Y54
    11. 136814
    1. Παύλου
    2. paulos
    3. of Paulos
    4. Paul
    5. 39720
    6. N····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ Paulos
    8. ˱of˲ Paul
    9. U
    10. Person=Paul; Y54; F136813; F136823; F136828
    11. 136815
    1. hos
    2. which
    3. -
    4. 37390
    5. R····NNS
    6. which
    7. which
    8. -
    9. Y54; R136811
    10. 136816
    1. ἐστίν
    2. eimi
    3. is
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIPA3··S
    7. is
    8. is
    9. -
    10. Y54
    11. 136817
    1. σημεῖον
    2. sēmeion
    3. ^my sign
    4. -
    5. 45920
    6. N····NNS
    7. ˓my˒ sign
    8. ˓my˒ sign
    9. -
    10. Y54
    11. 136818
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y54
    11. 136819
    1. πάσῃ
    2. pas
    3. every
    4. every
    5. 39560
    6. E····DFS
    7. every
    8. every
    9. -
    10. Y54
    11. 136820
    1. ἐπιστολῇ
    2. epistolē
    3. letter
    4. letter
    5. 19920
    6. N····DFS
    7. letter
    8. letter
    9. -
    10. Y54
    11. 136821
    1. οὕτως
    2. houtōs
    3. thus
    4. -
    5. 37790
    6. D·······
    7. thus
    8. thus
    9. -
    10. Y54
    11. 136822
    1. γράφω
    2. grafō
    3. I am writing
    4. -
    5. 11250
    6. VIPA1··S
    7. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ writing
    8. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ writing
    9. -
    10. Y54; R136815; Person=Paul
    11. 136823

OET (OET-LV)The greeting the in_my own hand, of_Paulos, which is ^my_sign in every letter, thus I_am_writing.

OET (OET-RV)This farewell is in my own handwriting—I’m Paul, and I do this with every letter I write.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 3:16–18: Paul prayed for the Thessalonians and greeted them

Paul prayed a final blessing for the Thessalonians. He prayed that Christ would cause their lives to go well. He then signed the letter in his own handwriting.

3:17a

This greeting is in my own hand—Paul.

3:17b

This is my mark in every letter; it is the way I write.

3:17a–b

This greeting is in my own hand—Paul. This is my mark in every letter; it is the way I write: Paul usually dictated his letters (that is, he spoke aloud what he wanted to say) so that another person could write them down for himOne cannot be sure why Paul dictated his letters to a secretary, since it is clear that he was an educated man who could read and write both Greek and Hebrew. Paul may have had poor eyesight. No one knows for sure. What Paul seems to be saying in 3:17 is, “I, Paul, am writing this greeting with my own hand, and not by means of a secretary. This is a distinctive sign to show you that this letter is from me, Paul, and not from someone else pretending to be me. I do the same with all my letters, so that if you receive a letter without these last few words written by me, you may know that it does not come from me. That is the way I write my letters.”. However, he would often take the pen at some point to write the final part of the letter himself, presumably as a proof that it was really from himWhy was Paul afraid that someone else would write a letter that claimed to be from him? Or if he was not afraid of that, why did he write the end of this letter with his own hand? In the context, Paul has just emphasized a warning to disobedient and lazy believers. Therefore he may want to show that this letter has also come from the same person who wrote the first letter (1 Thessalonians), which they would have with them still. If they believed the first letter came from him, they would then be able to compare the handwriting of the end of each letter and see that they were the same. See also 1 Corinthians 16:21; Galatians 6:11; Colossians 4:18. It is not clear how much of the letter Paul wrote, so you should avoid being too specific.Which words did Paul himself write? Below are three main points of view on this:(1) Paul wrote the last few words (3:17 and 3:18) in his own handwriting.(2) Paul wrote the words of 3:17 in his own handwriting. He emphasizes that the Thessalonians should be able to recognize his own handwriting (NJB, REB). However this opinion puts too much emphasis on their ability to recognize the handwriting. It is more important to emphasize his statement that he wrote the end of all his letters by himself to show that they were truly from him.(3) Paul wrote (in his own handwriting) only the word “Paul,” or the words “Greetings from Paul” (GNT). This view emphasizes that the signature was truly Paul’s writing. This is not likely to be what Paul really meant, since this is not the way he ended the first letter (1 Thessalonians). However, in two later letters (1 Corinthians 16:21 and Colossians 4:18), he wrote “the greeting of Paul with my hand.” He also wrote Philemon 19 with his own hand. He did not write his signature as the last word in his letters, as people do today. In that time, someone would know that a letter was from him usually because his name was written in the first line of the letter. But in this case, it was in the handwriting of his secretary.

uW Translation Notes:

ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ, Παύλου, ὅ ἐστιν σημεῖον ἐν πάσῃ ἐπιστολῇ, οὕτως γράφω

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ὁ ἀσπασμός τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί Παύλου ὅ ἐστίν σημεῖον ἐν πάσῃ ἐπιστολῇ οὕτως γράφω)

Alternate translation: [I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand, which I do in every letter, as a sign that this letter is truly from me because this is how I write]

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ

¬the ˱in˲_my_‹own› (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ὁ ἀσπασμός τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί Παύλου ὅ ἐστίν σημεῖον ἐν πάσῃ ἐπιστολῇ οὕτως γράφω)

Here, the phrase in my own hand is an idiom meaning “in my own handwriting.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: [I myself am writing]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

οὕτως γράφω

thus ˱I˲_˓am˒_writing

Paul makes it clear that this letter is from him and is not a forgery. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: [you could know that the letter is from me because this is how I write]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

3:17 A secretary had written this letter for Paul (Rom 16:22; 1 Pet 5:12). Now Paul takes the pen to add a final greeting in his own hand (cp. 1 Cor 16:21; Gal 6:11; Col 4:18; Phlm 1:19). Because he suspected that a letter he had not written was circulating under his name (2 Thes 2:2), he emphasizes this authenticating procedure to prove this letter is from him.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. The
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. PS
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. PS
    10. Y54
    11. 136810
    1. greeting
    2. -
    3. 7830
    4. aspasmos
    5. N-····NMS
    6. greeting
    7. greeting
    8. -
    9. Y54; F136816
    10. 136811
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-····DFS
    6. ¬the
    7. ¬the
    8. -
    9. Y54
    10. 136812
    1. in my own
    2. -
    3. 16990
    4. emos
    5. E-···1DFS
    6. ˱in˲ my ‹own›
    7. ˱in˲ my ‹own›
    8. -
    9. Y54; R136815; Person=Paul
    10. 136813
    1. hand
    2. -
    3. 54950
    4. χeir
    5. N-····DFS
    6. hand
    7. hand
    8. -
    9. Y54
    10. 136814
    1. of Paulos
    2. Paul
    3. 39720
    4. U
    5. paulos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ Paulos
    8. ˱of˲ Paul
    9. U
    10. Person=Paul; Y54; F136813; F136823; F136828
    11. 136815
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 37390
    4. hos
    5. R-····NNS
    6. which
    7. which
    8. -
    9. Y54; R136811
    10. 136816
    1. is
    2. -
    3. 15100
    4. eimi
    5. V-IPA3··S
    6. is
    7. is
    8. -
    9. Y54
    10. 136817
    1. ^my sign
    2. -
    3. 45920
    4. sēmeion
    5. N-····NNS
    6. ˓my˒ sign
    7. ˓my˒ sign
    8. -
    9. Y54
    10. 136818
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    4. en
    5. P-·······
    6. in
    7. in
    8. -
    9. Y54
    10. 136819
    1. every
    2. every
    3. 39560
    4. pas
    5. E-····DFS
    6. every
    7. every
    8. -
    9. Y54
    10. 136820
    1. letter
    2. letter
    3. 19920
    4. epistolē
    5. N-····DFS
    6. letter
    7. letter
    8. -
    9. Y54
    10. 136821
    1. thus
    2. -
    3. 37790
    4. houtōs
    5. D-·······
    6. thus
    7. thus
    8. -
    9. Y54
    10. 136822
    1. I am writing
    2. -
    3. 11250
    4. grafō
    5. V-IPA1··S
    6. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ writing
    7. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ writing
    8. -
    9. Y54; R136815; Person=Paul
    10. 136823

OET (OET-LV)The greeting the in_my own hand, of_Paulos, which is ^my_sign in every letter, thus I_am_writing.

OET (OET-RV)This farewell is in my own handwriting—I’m Paul, and I do this with every letter I write.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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 2 TH 3:17 ©