UTN uW Translation Notes:

2 Timothy 4 Chapter Introduction

Structure and Formatting

5. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)
   • Paul gives a solemn charge to Timothy (4:1–8)
6. Travel plans and news (4:9–18)
7. Greetings (4:19–21)
8. Letter closing (4:22)

Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter

Paul’s situation and his defense

In this chapter, Paul writes about how many people abandoned him and failed to support him at his “first defense.” These people behaved in that way because Paul had been accused of acting against the Roman Empire. While he was waiting to defend himself at his trial, he was held as a prisoner, almost certainly in the capital of the empire, Rome. By the time he wrote this letter, he had already had his “first defense,” which was the first time he appeared in court to defend himself against the accusations. Paul implies that the judge did not decide what to do with him, so Paul would have to appear in court at least one more time. So, people abandoned Paul because they might also be arrested and accused if they stayed with him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include some of this information in a footnote.

Greetings

In this culture, it was common for those who sent letters to include greetings to and from others in their letters. In this way, many people could greet each other but only send one letter. In 4:19 and 4:21, Paul includes greetings to and from people whom he and the Timothy knew. Express these greetings in a natural form in your language.

Translation Issues in This Chapter

Sports and military metaphors

In 4:7–8, Paul speaks as if he were a soldier who has fought well and an athlete who has competed well. Just as athletes in his culture received crowns when they won, so Paul is sure that he will receive a “crown” from Jesus. Paul means that he has persisted in believing in and serving Jesus, even when it was difficult, and he is sure that Jesus will reward him for that. If possible, preserve these metaphors or express the ideas in simile form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: figs-metaphor)