OET interlinear GAL 2:16

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

δὲ

but

What follows the word but here is in contrast to what would be naturally be expected by a Jewish person in view of 2:15. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “nevertheless”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

ἄνθρωπος

/a/_person

Although the term man is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “person” or “human being”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος & δικαιωθῶμεν & δικαιωθήσεται

not /is_being/_justified /a/_person & ˱we˲_/may_be/_justified & /will_be_being/_justified

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God justifies no man … God might justify us … will God justify”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

(Occurrence -1) ἔργων νόμου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: εἰδότες δὲ ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ)

Paul is using the possessive form to describe the types of works to which he is referring. He is specifically referring to works of the Mosaic law. If this is not clear in your language, you could clarify the relationship for your readers. Alternate translation: “doing the works that are commanded in the law of Moses … doing the things commanded in the law of Moses … doing the things commanded in the law of Moses”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

(Occurrence -1) ἔργων νόμου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: εἰδότες δὲ ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ)

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of works, you could express the same idea with a verbal form or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “obeying the law … doing what the law says … obeying the law”

Note 6 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

νόμου & νόμου & νόμου

˱of˲_law & ˱of˲_law & ˱of˲_law

Here, the law is a singular noun that refers to a group of laws that God gave Israel by dictating them to Moses. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. See how you translated the phrase the law in Romans 2:12. Alternate translation: “of God’s laws … of God's laws … of God's laws” or “of the laws God gave Moses … of the laws God gave Moses … of the laws God gave Moses”

Note 7 topic: grammar-connect-exceptions

ἐὰν μὴ

if not

If it would appear in your language that Paul was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “but rather, only”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

(Occurrence -1) πίστεως

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: εἰδότες δὲ ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ)

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of faith, you could express the same idea with a such as believing or trusts, or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language.

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive

ἡμεῖς & δικαιωθῶμεν

we & ˱we˲_/may_be/_justified

When Paul says we it could be: (1) inclusive if Paul is still addressing Peter. If you decide that this verse is a continuation of the quotation that began in 2:14, then we is inclusive both times that it occurs in this verse, because Paul is still addressing Peter and would be including Peter and the Jewish Christians in Antioch. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (2) exclusive if you decide that Paul’s quotation of his words to Peter ended at the end 2:14.

Note 10 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal

ἵνα

in_order_that

The phrase so that introduces a purpose clause. Paul is introducing the purpose for which he and the other Jewish believers believed in Christ Jesus, which is so that they might be justified by faith in Christ. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “in order that”

Note 11 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ

that because by /the/_works ˱of˲_law not /will_be_being/_justified any flesh

Here, the word For re-introduces and re-states the reason why Cephas and the other Jewish believers believed in Christ Jesus. They believed in Jesus Christ because by works of the law no flesh will be justified. The phrase by works of the law no flesh will be justified repeats in slightly different words the earlier phrase in the verse which says no man is justified by works of the law. If it would not be natural in your language to re-introduce the reason after the result, you could re-introduce and re-state the result. Alternate translation: “We believed in Christ Jesus because no flesh will be justified by works of the law”

Note 12 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

πᾶσα σάρξ

any flesh

The word flesh refers to human beings. Paul uses a part of the human body to refer to the entire human. The phrase any flesh means any person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “any person”

Note 13 topic: figures-of-speech / extrainfo

οὐ & ἄνθρωπος & πᾶσα σάρξ

not & /a/_person & any flesh

Both the words man and flesh refer to people in general and include all people, both Jewish people and Gentile people, and refer to people of all ages and ethnicities. The phrases no man and any flesh exclude all people, both Jewish people and Gentile people. Paul is saying the same thing in two different ways to emphasize that no person, Jew or Gentile, can be justified by obeying the law. Since Paul explains this truth in this passage, you do not need to explain its meaning further here, but make sure to use words or phrases when translating the words “man” and “flesh” which indicate that these words refer to all people of all ages and ethnicities.