GAL 2:11 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. ὅτε
2. hote
3. when
4. -
5. 37530
6. C·······
7. when
8. when
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126138
1. Δέ
2. de
3. But
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. PS
10. Y52
11. 126139
1. ἦλθεν
2. erχomai
3. came
4. came
5. 20640
6. VIAA3··S
7. came
8. came
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126140
1. Κηφᾶς
2. kēfas
3. Kaʸfas
4. -
5. 27860
6. N····NMS
7. Kaʸfas
8. Cephas
9. U
10. Y52; F126147; F126150; F126151; F126163; F126169; F126171; F126172; F126173; F126179; F126190; F126198
11. 126141
1. Πέτρος
2. petros
3. -
4. -
5. 40740
6. N····NMS
7. Petros
8. Peter
9. W
10. -
11. 126142
1. εἰς
2. eis
3. to
4. -
5. 15190
6. P·······
7. to
8. to
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126143
1. Ἀντιοχείαν
2. antioχeia
3. Antioⱪeia
4. Antioch
5. 4900
6. N····AFS
7. Antioⱪeia
8. Antioch
9. U
10. Y52
11. 126144
1. κατά
2. kata
3. to
4. -
5. 25960
6. P·······
7. to
8. to
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126145
1. πρόσωπον
2. prosōpon
3. ^his face
4. face
5. 43830
6. N····ANS
7. ˓his˒ face
8. ˓his˒ face
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126146
1. αὐτῷ
2. autos
3. against him
4. him
5. 8460
6. R···3DMS
7. ˱against˲ him
8. ˱against˲ him
9. -
10. Y52; R126141
11. 126147
1. ἀντέστην
2. anthistēmi
3. I resisted
4. -
5. 4360
6. VIAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ resisted
8. ˱I˲ resisted
9. -
10. Y52; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 126148
1. ὅτι
2. hoti
3. because
4. because
5. 37540
6. C·······
7. because
8. because
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126149
1. κατεγνωσμένος
2. kataginōskō
3. having been condemned
4. -
5. 26070
6. VPEP·NMS
7. ˓having_been˒ condemned
8. ˓having_been˒ condemned
9. -
10. Y52; R126141
11. 126150
1. ἦν
2. eimi
3. he was
4. -
5. 15100
6. VIIA3··S
7. ˱he˲ was
8. ˱he˲ was
9. -
10. Y52; R126141
11. 126151

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:11–21: Paul corrected Peter in Antioch

In this section, Paul told his readers what the true gospel is. It is salvation by faith in Christ alone. Obeying the law is not part of the true gospel. Doing what the law demands does not justify anyone.

Paul told how Peter had deserted the true gospel. He wanted the Galatians to understand how they too were deserting the true gospel. They had started to think that it was necessary to obey the law to be justified. Paul wanted them to read about his rebuke to Peter so that they could recognize how their own situation was similar. They must completely reject justification through the law. He emphasized that justification is by faith in Christ alone.

This section also shows that Paul’s authority as an apostle was at least as great as Peter’s was. This section is also an indirect rebuke of the false teachers who had come to the Galatian churches and required the non-Jews to adopt Jewish traditions to be accepted as true Christians.

Some other possible headings for this section are:

Paul rebukes Peter

Paul defended the truth of the gospel

Paul shows how Peter was wrong

Paragraph 2:11–13

In this paragraph, Paul wrote about an event that happened when he and Barnabas were teaching together in Antioch. (Acts 11:25–30 also talks about their time in Antioch.) During that period, Peter came to visit. While he was there, a group of Jewish Christians from Jerusalem also arrived. They did not accept uncircumcised non-Jewish believers as true Christians. While these people were in Antioch, Peter, Barnabas, and some of the other Jewish Christians decided to stop having fellowship with the uncircumcised non-Jewish believers.

Peter’s actions did not follow the truth of the gospel. So Paul rebuked him for his actions.

2:11a

When Cephas came to Antioch, however,

¶ During the time when Peter was in Antioch,
¶ One day, Peter came/went to visit the believers in Antioch. While he was there,

When Cephas came to Antioch: According to 2:12–13, Cephas (Peter) had been in Antioch for some time before Paul opposed him. (As was mentioned in 2:9b, Cephas is Peter’s Jewish name.) In your translation, avoid implying that Paul rebuked Peter as soon as he arrived in Antioch.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

During the time when Peter was in Antioch

One time Peter came/went to Antioch. While he was there

Antioch: Antioch was an important city in the region of Syria. It was far from Jerusalem. Paul and Barnabas were members of the church in Antioch. See also Acts 13:1–3.

however: This verse is the beginning of a new section. In Greek, this verse begins with a conjunction that English versions sometimes translate as “but” and which the BSB translates as however. The BSB has put the word after the mention of Peter coming to Antioch, but in Greek it comes at the start of the sentence. The English words “but” and however indicate a contrast. It is true that there is some contrast between this section and the previous section. In the previous section, Peter agreed that circumcision was not necessary for salvation. In this section, he separates himself from uncircumcised believers. So his actions were not consistent with his words.

However, the contrast is not completely obvious. It is perhaps better to consider the Greek conjunction as functioning to introduce a new development in Paul’s letter. In such a case, this word does not need to be translated in many languages. Many English versions (such as the NIV) do not translate this word here.

2:11b

I opposed him to his face,

I rebuked him face-to-face,
I reprimanded/scolded him in front of the other believers,

I opposed him: The Greek word that the BSB translates as opposed refers to confronting, correcting, and rebuking.

Some other ways to translate this verb are:

I rebuked him

I scolded/reprimanded him

I told him…that he was wrong. (CEV)

to his face: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as to his face means “in his presence.” Paul did not criticize Peter behind his back.

In many cultures, including Jewish, a person is taken aside and rebuked privately. But this situation was so serious that Paul decided to rebuke Peter in front of other believers (2:14).

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

face to face (CEV)

openly (GW)

in front of the other believers

2:11c

because he stood to be condemned.

because what he had done was wrong.
because he had done something that was not right/good.

because: The word because introduces the reason why Paul rebuked Peter. Paul rebuked Peter (2:11b) because he was wrong (2:11c).

In some languages, it is more natural to put the reason clause in 2:11c before 2:11b. For example:

^11aWhen Peter was in Antioch, ^11che acted in a way that was clearly wrong. ^11bSo I opposed him to his face.

he stood to be condemned: The Greek word that the BSB translates as stood to be condemned indicates that what Peter did was wrong.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

he was completely wrong (GW)

he was clearly wrong (GNT)

he had done something that was not right

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

δὲ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅτε Δέ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιοχείαν κατά πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην ὅτι κατεγνωσμένος ἦν)

Here, the word But introduces a contrast. The actions that Paul will describe in [2:11-13](../02/11.md) are in contrast to the decision that was made in [2:1-10](../02/01.md). Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast.

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

ὅτε & ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην, ὅτι κατεγνωσμένος ἦν

when & came Cephas to (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅτε Δέ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιοχείαν κατά πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην ὅτι κατεγνωσμένος ἦν)

If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: [because Cephas stood condemned, I opposed him to his face when he came to Antioch]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / go

ἦλθεν

came

Your language may say “went” rather than came in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: [went]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅτε Δέ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιοχείαν κατά πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην ὅτι κατεγνωσμένος ἦν)

The phrase opposed him to his face is an idiom which means to confront someone. It could refer specifically to: (1) confronting someone directly, face to face. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: [I confronted him directly] or [I confronted him face to face] (2) confronting someone in public. (See the phrase “I said to Cephas in front of all of them” in [2:14](../02/14.md)). Alternate translation: [I confronted him in public]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

κατεγνωσμένος ἦν

˓having_been˒_condemned ˱he˲_was

Here, the phrase he stood condemned means that “he was deserving of blame” or “he was wrong.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: [he was deserving of blame] or [he was wrong]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.