GAL 2:14 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Ἀλλʼ
2. alla
3. But
4. but
5. 2350
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. S
10. Y52
11. 126193
1. ὅτε
2. hote
3. when
4. -
5. 37530
6. C·······
7. when
8. when
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126194
1. εἶδον
2. horaō
3. I saw
4. saw
5. 37080
6. VIAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ saw
8. ˱I˲ saw
9. -
10. Y52; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 126195
1. ὅτι
2. hoti
3. that
4. -
5. 37540
6. C·······
7. that
8. that
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126196
1. οὐκ
2. ou
3. not
4. -
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126197
1. ὀρθοποδοῦσιν
2. orthopodeō
3. they are walking straight
4. -
5. 37160
6. VIPA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ walking_straight
8. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ walking_straight
9. -
10. Y52; R126183; R126141; R126187; Person=Barnabas
11. 126198
1. πρός
2. pros
3. with
4. -
5. 43140
6. P·······
7. with
8. with
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126199
1. τήν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126200
1. ἀλήθειαν
2. alētheia
3. truth
4. truth
5. 2250
6. N····AFS
7. truth
8. truth
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126201
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. of the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GNS
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126202
1. εὐαγγελίου
2. euaŋgelion
3. good message
4. good message
5. 20980
6. N····GNS
7. good_message
8. gospel
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126203
1. εἶπον
2. legō
3. I said
4. -
5. 30040
6. VIAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ said
8. ˱I˲ said
9. -
10. Y52; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 126204
1. τῷ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····DMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126205
1. Κηφᾷ
2. kēfas
3. to Kaʸfas
4. -
5. 27860
6. N····DMS
7. ˱to˲ Kaʸfas
8. ˱to˲ Cephas
9. U
10. Y52; F126213; F126225; F126227; F126236; F126253; F126260; F126282; F126283; F126567; F126598; F126780; F126782; F126792; F126800; F126900; F126902; F126939; F126955; F127262; F127403; F127688; F127692; F127694; F127696; F127697; F127698; F127700; F127829; F127831; F127836; F127839; F127844; F127846; F127922; F127990
11. 126206
1. Πέτρῳ
2. petros
3. -
4. -
5. 40740
6. N····DMS
7. Petros
8. Peter
9. W
10. -
11. 126207
1. ἔμπροσθεν
2. emprosthen
3. before
4. -
5. 17150
6. P·······
7. before
8. before
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126208
1. πάντων
2. pas
3. all
4. -
5. 39560
6. S····GMP
7. all
8. all
9. -
10. Y52; R126162; R126183; R126187; Person=Barnabas; R126156
11. 126209
1. Εἰ
2. ei
3. If
4. -
5. 14870
6. C·······
7. if
8. if
9. D
10. Y52
11. 126210
1. σύ
2. su
3. you
4. -
5. 47710
6. R···2N·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126211
1. Ἰουδαῖος
2. ioudaios
3. +a Youdaios
4. -
5. 24530
6. S····NMS
7. ˓a˒ Youdaios
8. ˓a˒ Jew
9. U
10. Y52
11. 126212
1. ὑπάρχων
2. huparχō
3. being
4. being
5. 52250
6. VPPA·NMS
7. being
8. being
9. -
10. Y52; R126206
11. 126213
1. ἐθνικῶς
2. ethnikōs
3. paganly
4. -
5. 14830
6. D·······
7. paganly
8. paganly
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126214
1. ζῇς
2. zaō
3. -
4. -
5. 21980
6. VIPA2··S
7. ˓are˒ living
8. ˓are˒ living
9. -
10. -
11. 126215
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126216
1. οὐχί
2. ouχi
3. -
4. -
5. 37800
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. -
11. 126217
1. οὐχ
2. ou
3. not
4. -
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126218
1. Ἰουδαϊκῶς
2. ioudaikōs
3. Youdaiōns
4. -
5. 24520
6. D·······
7. Youdaiōns
8. Jewish
9. U
10. Y52
11. 126219
1. ζῇς
2. zaō
3. are living
4. living
5. 21980
6. VIPA2··S
7. ˓are˒ living
8. ˓are˒ living
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126220
1. πῶς
2. pōs
3. how
4. -
5. 44590
6. D·······
7. how
8. how
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126221
1. τί
2. ti
3. -
4. -
5. 50845
6. D·······
7. why
8. why
9. -
10. -
11. 126222
1. τά
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126223
1. ἔθνη
2. ethnos
3. pagans
4. -
5. 14840
6. N····ANP
7. pagans
8. pagans
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126224
1. ἀναγκάζεις
2. anagkazō
3. are you compelling
4. -
5. 3150
6. VIPA2··S
7. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ compelling
8. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ compelling
9. -
10. Y52; R126206
11. 126225
1. Ἰουδαΐζειν
2. ioudaizō
3. to be Judaizing
4. -
5. 24500
6. VNPA····
7. ˓to_be˒ Judaizing
8. ˓to_be˒ Judaizing
9. U
10. Y52
11. 126226

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:11–21: Paul corrected Peter in Antioch

In this section, Paul told his readers what the true gospel is. It is salvation by faith in Christ alone. Obeying the law is not part of the true gospel. Doing what the law demands does not justify anyone.

Paul told how Peter had deserted the true gospel. He wanted the Galatians to understand how they too were deserting the true gospel. They had started to think that it was necessary to obey the law to be justified. Paul wanted them to read about his rebuke to Peter so that they could recognize how their own situation was similar. They must completely reject justification through the law. He emphasized that justification is by faith in Christ alone.

This section also shows that Paul’s authority as an apostle was at least as great as Peter’s was. This section is also an indirect rebuke of the false teachers who had come to the Galatian churches and required the non-Jews to adopt Jewish traditions to be accepted as true Christians.

Some other possible headings for this section are:

Paul rebukes Peter

Paul defended the truth of the gospel

Paul shows how Peter was wrong

Paragraph 2:14–21

In this paragraph, Paul asked Peter and the other Jewish believers to live according to the true gospel. This meant that they had to reject the idea that they were justified by obeying the law. Paul emphasized that justification is by faith in Christ alone. Peter’s actions had implied that it was also necessary to keep the law. That would make Christ’s death meaningless and nullify the grace of God.

In 2:14c, Paul began to speak directly to Peter. There are at least three ways to interpret where Paul’s direct speech to Peter ends:

It ends after verse 21. (NIV, NASB, CEV)
It ends after verse 14. In verses 15–21, what Paul said to Peter is indirect speech. (BSB, ESV, NET, RSV, JBP, GNT, NJB, GW, NCV)
It ends after verse 16. (NLT)

It is recommended that you follow option (1). In 2:15, it is possible that Paul began to also talk to the other people who were there. But he was still also talking to Peter. So Paul’s speech does not end until verse 21.Schreiner on page 150 says, “The first question to be asked is where Paul’s words to Peter, which began in 2:11, end. Since quotation marks are lacking in the original manuscripts, certainty eludes us. Possibly the words directed to Peter conclude after 2:14, 2:15, 2:16, 2:18, or 2:21. I personally argue that it makes most sense to see all of 2:14–21 as addressed to Peter. At least four pieces of evidence support this conclusion. (1) Verse 15 is not clearly set off from 2:11–14. (2) The first person plural pronouns in 2:15–17 most naturally refer to Jewish Christians and would speak to such people in Antioch. (3) Verse 17 may reflect the charges against Peter. (4) A new subject commences on 3:1, where the Galatians are addressed directly.”

If you choose option (2), your translation should still show that Paul is indirectly speaking to Peter in 2:15–21. For example, at the beginning of 2:15, the JBP says:

And then I went on to explain that (JBP)

2:14a

When I saw that they were not walking in line with the truth of the gospel,

¶ But when I saw that they were not acting according to the true gospel,
¶ But when I saw that those people were not following the true message of the gospel,
¶ But when I discovered that they were not obeying the true gospel,

This verse begins with a Greek conjunction that is often translated as “but.” Most English versions translate it that way in order to show that there is a contrast between 2:11–13 and 2:14–21. The contrast is between Peter’s wrong way to think and act and the right way. Here is another way to show this contrast:

However

The BSB has not translated this conjunction, and some other versions, such as the NIV and NLT, also do not translate it. In some languages, it will not be necessary to translate this conjunction either. Connect 2:14a to 2:13b in a way that is natural in your language.

When I saw: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as I saw includes the meaning of “discovered” or “found out.” Paul discovered that Peter was acting hypocritically and rebuked him.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

When I discovered

When I noticed/observed

that they were not walking in line with: In Greek, this verb phrase is more literally “they were not walking straight to.” It means that “they did not act/live rightly.” When Peter, Barnabas, and other Jewish believers at Antioch separated themselves from the Gentile believers, they were not living according to the truth of the gospel.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

they were not walking a straight path in line with (GNT)

that they were not following (NLT)

that they were not really obeying (CEV)

they were not walking: This phrase refers to the actions of Peter, Barnabas, and the other Jewish believers who had separated themselves from the Gentile believers.

the truth of the gospel: This phrase means “the message of the true gospel” or “the truth that is the gospel.”

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

the true gospel

the true Good News

the true message from God

Paul used this same phrase in 2:5b.

2:14b

I said to Cephas in front of them all,

I said to Peter in front of everyone,
I rebuked Peter publicly. I said to him,

I said to Cephas in front of them all: This clause introduces Paul’s words of rebuke to Cephas (Peter). One way to make it clear that Paul was rebuking Peter is:

I rebuked Peter in front of everyone and said

in front of them all: This phrase indicates that Paul rebuked Peter where everyone in the Antioch church would also hear what he said.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

publicly

so that everyone could hear (JBP)

Peter’s actions had affected the whole church in Antioch. It was a serious problem. Paul had to rebuke Peter publicly.

2:14c

“If you, who are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew,

“Even though you^(sing) are a Jew, you behave/live like a Gentile and not like a Jew.
“You^(sing) are a Jew, but you live/act like a Gentile. You do not live/act like a Jew.
“Peter, you are a Jew, but you live like a Gentile. (CEV)

If you, who are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew: In this “if” clause, there is an embedded phrase who are a Jew. In some languages, it will be easier to put this embedded phrase first. For example:

You are a Jew. But if you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew

The clause If you…live like a Gentile was true. Peter was living like a Gentile in the sense that he was eating with Gentiles. He was not separating himself from Gentiles during meals like Jews were supposed to do. He was probably eating food that was not acceptable to Jews.

In some languages, it will be easier to translate this clause without using “if.” For example:

Even though you are a Jew, you are behaving like a Gentile and not like a Jew.

Peter, you are a Jew, but you live/act like a person who is not a Jew. You do not live/act like a Jew.

Notice that the phrase a Jew is repeated. In some languages, it is not necessary to repeat it. For example:

Peter, you are a Jew, but you live like a Gentile. (CEV)

2:14d

how can you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

So why do you^(sing) force the Gentiles to live like Jews?
You^(sing) must not force non-Jewish believers to follow Jewish customs.

how can you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?: This is a rhetorical question. It is a rebuke. When Peter stopped eating with the Gentile Christians, his actions implied (falsely) that believers needed to follow Jewish laws. In that way, he was forcing the Gentiles to obey those laws and thus to live like Jews. So Paul rebuked him for his behavior.

Some ways to translate this rebuke are:

As a rhetorical question. For example:
How can you require Gentile believers to live like Jews?
So why do you now try to force those who are not Jewish to live like Jews? (NCV)
As a statement. For example:
It’s wrong for you to force Gentile believers to live like Jews.
As a command. For example:
You must not force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs!

Translate this rebuke in a natural way in your language.

compel: The word compel means “require.” It is the same word that Paul used in 2:3a.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

force

push

the Gentiles: In this clause the word Gentiles refers to non-Jewish Christians.

to live like Jews: The Greek word which the BSB translates as live like Jews refers to becoming Jewish.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

to become Jews

to follow Jewish customs (NIV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

ἀλλ’

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀλλʼ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρός τήν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου εἶπον τῷ Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων Εἰ σύ Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καί οὐχ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς πῶς τά ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν)

Here, Paul uses the word But to introduce a contrast between his actions and the wrong actions of Cephas, Barnabas, and the other Jewish believers that he described in [2:12-13](../02/12.md). Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν

not ˱they˲_˓are˒_walking_straight

Here, the word walking is a figure of speech which refers to how people act or conduct their lives. In Jewish culture a person’s behavior was spoken of as if that person was walking along a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning using plain language. Alternate translation: [they were not acting correctly] or [they were not conducting their lives correctly]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of truth, you could express the same idea in some other way that is natural in your language. See how you translated the phrase the truth of the gospel in [2:5](../02/05.md).

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / quotations

εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν

This is the beginning of a direct quotation in which Paul quotes what he said to Cephas. Some Bible scholars think this quote ends at the end of this verse, while other Bible scholars think that this quotation continues until the end of [2:21](../02/21.md). Some Bible scholars think that part of Paul’s words in [2:15-21](../02/15.md) could be him summarizing what he said to Peter and the Jews who were present. The ULT uses quotation marks from this point through the end of [2:21](../02/21.md). Use a natural way in your language for indicating that Paul’s words from here to the end of [2:21](../02/21.md) are a quotation. If you decide that Paul is quoting himself only through the end of this verse, then use a natural way in your language for indicating that Paul’s words from here to the end of this verse are the complete, direct quotation.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν

Paul is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to emphatically rebuke Cephas and to help Cephas understand the hypocrisy of his actions. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation, and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: [You are a Jew, and live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, and so it is very hypocritical for you to force the Gentiles to live like Jews!] or [You are a Jew, and live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, and so it is very wrong for you to force the Gentiles to live like Jews!]

Note 6 topic: grammar-connect-condition-fact

εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος, ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς

Paul is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Paul is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: [Since you, being a Jew, live like a Gentile and not a like Jew]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / yousingular

σὺ & ἀναγκάζεις

Both occurrences of the word you in this verse refer to Peter and are singular.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. But
2. but
3. 2350
4. S
5. alla
6. C-·······
7. but
8. but
9. S
10. Y52
11. 126193
1. when
2. -
3. 37530
5. hote
6. C-·······
7. when
8. when
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126194
1. I saw
2. saw
3. 37080
5. horaō
6. V-IAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ saw
8. ˱I˲ saw
9. -
10. Y52; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 126195
1. that
2. -
3. 37540
5. hoti
6. C-·······
7. that
8. that
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126196
1. they are
2. -
3. 37160
5. orthopodeō
6. V-IPA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ walking_straight
8. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ walking_straight
9. -
10. Y52; R126183; R126141; R126187; Person=Barnabas
11. 126198
1. not
2. -
3. 37560
5. ou
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126197
1. walking straight
2. -
3. 37160
5. orthopodeō
6. V-IPA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ walking_straight
8. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ walking_straight
9. -
10. Y52; R126183; R126141; R126187; Person=Barnabas
11. 126198
1. with
2. -
3. 43140
5. pros
6. P-·······
7. with
8. with
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126199
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126200
1. truth
2. truth
3. 2250
5. alētheia
6. N-····AFS
7. truth
8. truth
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126201
1. of the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GNS
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126202
1. good message
2. good message
3. 20980
5. euaŋgelion
6. N-····GNS
7. good_message
8. gospel
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126203
1. I said
2. -
3. 30040
5. legō
6. V-IAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ said
8. ˱I˲ said
9. -
10. Y52; R125554; Person=Paul
11. 126204
1. to
2. -
3. 27860
4. U
5. kēfas
6. N-····DMS
7. ˱to˲ Kaʸfas
8. ˱to˲ Cephas
9. U
10. Y52; F126213; F126225; F126227; F126236; F126253; F126260; F126282; F126283; F126567; F126598; F126780; F126782; F126792; F126800; F126900; F126902; F126939; F126955; F127262; F127403; F127688; F127692; F127694; F127696; F127697; F127698; F127700; F127829; F127831; F127836; F127839; F127844; F127846; F127922; F127990
11. 126206
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····DMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126205
1. Kaʸfas
2. -
3. 27860
4. U
5. kēfas
6. N-····DMS
7. ˱to˲ Kaʸfas
8. ˱to˲ Cephas
9. U
10. Y52; F126213; F126225; F126227; F126236; F126253; F126260; F126282; F126283; F126567; F126598; F126780; F126782; F126792; F126800; F126900; F126902; F126939; F126955; F127262; F127403; F127688; F127692; F127694; F127696; F127697; F127698; F127700; F127829; F127831; F127836; F127839; F127844; F127846; F127922; F127990
11. 126206
1. before
2. -
3. 17150
5. emprosthen
6. P-·······
7. before
8. before
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126208
1. all
2. -
3. 39560
5. pas
6. S-····GMP
7. all
8. all
9. -
10. Y52; R126162; R126183; R126187; Person=Barnabas; R126156
11. 126209
1. If
2. -
3. 14870
4. D
5. ei
6. C-·······
7. if
8. if
9. D
10. Y52
11. 126210
1. you
2. -
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2N·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126211
1. +a Youdaios
2. -
3. 24530
4. U
5. ioudaios
6. S-····NMS
7. ˓a˒ Youdaios
8. ˓a˒ Jew
9. U
10. Y52
11. 126212
1. being
2. being
3. 52250
5. huparχō
6. V-PPA·NMS
7. being
8. being
9. -
10. Y52; R126206
11. 126213
1. paganly
2. -
3. 14830
5. ethnikōs
6. D-·······
7. paganly
8. paganly
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126214
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126216
1. not
2. -
3. 37560
5. ou
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126218
1. Youdaiōns
2. -
3. 24520
4. U
5. ioudaikōs
6. D-·······
7. Youdaiōns
8. Jewish
9. U
10. Y52
11. 126219
1. are living
2. living
3. 21980
5. zaō
6. V-IPA2··S
7. ˓are˒ living
8. ˓are˒ living
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126220
1. how
2. -
3. 44590
5. pōs
6. D-·······
7. how
8. how
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126221
1. are you compelling
2. -
3. 3150
5. anagkazō
6. V-IPA2··S
7. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ compelling
8. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ compelling
9. -
10. Y52; R126206
11. 126225
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····ANP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126223
1. pagans
2. -
3. 14840
5. ethnos
6. N-····ANP
7. pagans
8. pagans
9. -
10. Y52
11. 126224
1. to be Judaizing
2. -
3. 24500
4. U
5. ioudaizō
6. V-NPA····
7. ˓to_be˒ Judaizing
8. ˓to_be˒ Judaizing
9. U
10. Y52
11. 126226

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear GAL 2:14

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 2:11–21: Paul corrected Peter in Antioch

Paragraph 2:14–21

2:14a

2:14b

2:14c

2:14d

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)