OET interlinear OBA 1:12

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / litany

וְ⁠אַל & וְ⁠אַל & וְ⁠אַל

and,not & and,not & and,not

Yahweh uses a repetitive series of sentences in verses 12–14 to show how badly the people of Edom have treated the people of Judah. This repetitive style of speaking or writing is called a “litany.” This is a list of the charges against the people of Edom. Yahweh goes on to say in verses 15 and 16 that he has found them guilty of all of these charges and that he will punish them. Use a form in your language that someone would use to list things that someone has done wrong.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֤רֶא

and,not gloat

Here, you should not have looked implies that the people of Edom were looking on the disaster in Judah with pleasure. To make this clear, you could include this information in the way that you translate. Alternate translation: “you should not have enjoyed looking” or “it was very bad that you enjoyed looking”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / hendiadys

בְ⁠יוֹם־אָחִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ בְּ⁠י֣וֹם נָכְר֔⁠וֹ

in/on/at/with,day_of your(ms)=brother/kindred in/on=day misfortune_of,his

The two phrases on the day of your brother and on the day of his misfortune work together to mean “on the day of your brother’s misfortune.” If having the two phrases is confusing, you could combine them into one phrase, as in the UST.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

בְ⁠יוֹם

in/on/at/with,day_of

Here, on the day is an idiom that refers to an undefined period of time that could extend from one to very many days. Alternate translation: “at the time of”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

אָחִ֨י⁠ךָ֙

your(ms)=brother/kindred

As in 1:10, Yahweh describes the people of Judah as a brother to the descendants of Esau, because their ancestor, Jacob, was the brother of Esau (Edom).

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

לִ⁠בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה

over,people_of Yehuda

Here, the word sons does not refer only to men. It refers to all of the descendants of Jacob’s son Judah, and more broadly to all of the Israelites from a number of the different tribes of Israel who had come to live in the kingdom of Judah at this time. Alternate translation: “over the Israelites”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וְ⁠אַל־תַּגְדֵּ֥ל פִּ֖י⁠ךָ

and,not and,not and,not boasted mouth_of,your

This is an idiom for bragging or mocking. In this context of observing someone else’s misfortune, mocking makes better sense. Alternate translation: “You should not have mocked them”