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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 2 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23

OET interlinear RUTH 2:18

◄ ← RUTH 2:18 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,תִּשָּׂא
    2. 180138,180139
    3. And she lifted it up
    4. So picked
    5. 5375
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and,she_lifted_[it]_up
    8. S
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124492
    1. וַ,תָּבוֹא
    2. 180140,180141
    3. and she went
    4. -
    5. 935
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and,she_went
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124493
    1. הָ,עִיר
    2. 180142,180143
    3. the city
    4. town
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    7. the=city
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124494
    1. וַ,תֵּרֶא
    2. 180144,180145
    3. and she/it saw
    4. -
    5. 7200
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and=she/it_saw
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124495
    1. חֲמוֹתָ,הּ
    2. 180146,180147
    3. mother-in-law of her
    4. mother-in-law
    5. 2545
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3fs
    7. mother-in-law_of,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124496
    1. אֵת
    2. 180148
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124497
    1. אֲשֶׁר
    2. 180149
    3. that which
    4. -
    6. O-Tr
    7. [that]_which
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124498
    2. 180150
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124499
    1. לִקֵּטָה
    2. 180151
    3. she had gleaned
    4. -
    5. 3950
    6. V-Vpp3fs
    7. she_had_gleaned
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124500
    1. וַ,תּוֹצֵא
    2. 180152,180153
    3. and she/it produced
    4. -
    5. 3318
    6. SV-C,Vhw3fs
    7. and=she/it_produced
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124501
    1. וַ,תִּתֶּן
    2. 180154,180155
    3. and she gave
    4. gave
    5. 5414
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and,she_gave
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124502
    2. 180156
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124503
    1. לָ,הּ
    2. 180157,180158
    3. to/for her/it
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3fs
    7. to/for=her/it
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124504
    1. אֵת
    2. 180159
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124505
    1. אֲשֶׁר
    2. 180160
    3. that which
    4. -
    6. O-Tr
    7. [that]_which
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124506
    2. 180161
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124507
    1. הוֹתִרָה
    2. 180162
    3. she had left over
    4. -
    5. 3498
    6. V-Vhp3fs
    7. she_had_left_over
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124508
    1. מִ,שָּׂבְעָ,הּ
    2. 180163,180164,180165
    3. from abundance of her
    4. -
    5. 7648
    6. O-R,Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    7. from,abundance_of,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124509
    2. 180166
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124510

OET (OET-LV) And_she_lifted_it_up and_she_went the_city mother-in-law_of_her and_she/it_saw DOM that_which she_had_gleaned and_she/it_produced and_she_gave to/for_her/it DOM that_which she_had_left_over from_abundance_of_her.

OET (OET-RV) So she picked up the basket and headed back into town and showed her mother-in-law how much she had collected. Ruth also gave Naomi the roasted grain left-over from her lunch.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:1–23: Ruth gathered grain in a field belonging to Boaz

This third section in the book of Ruth tells how Ruth met Boaz. Since Naomi and Ruth were poor at this time, Ruth asked Naomi for permission to glean in the grain fields in order to find them some food.

Ruth chose a field in which to glean. Although she did not know it, the man who owned that field, Boaz, was a relative of Elimelech. Boaz had heard about Ruth already, but he had not met her. He was sympathetic and kind to her that day, and told her to continue to work in his field during the rest of the harvest time.

That evening, Ruth returned home and told Naomi that the owner of the field where she had gleaned was called Boaz and that he had treated her well. Naomi was very pleased. She encouraged Ruth to continue to work there just as Boaz had invited her to do.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Ruth Meets Boaz (ESV)

Ruth Works in the Field of Boaz (NET)

2:18a

She picked up the grain and went into the town, where her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned.

She picked up the grain and went into the town: The text does not say how Ruth carried the grain. She may have had a basket, a bag, or a large piece of cloth into which she put the grain. She may have carried it on her shoulder or on her head.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

She picked it up and went into the town (GW)

She took the grain to town (CEV)

where her mother-in-law saw: There is a textual problem with the Hebrew verb that the BSB translates as saw. There are two possibilities:

  1. The original text read saw. That is, Naomi saw what Ruth had brought. For example:

    and her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned (NASB) (BSB, ESV, GW, KJV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NJB, NRSV)

  2. The original text read “caused to see.” That is, Ruth showed Naomi what she had brought. For example:

    and showed her mother-in-law how much she had gathered (GNT) (CEV, GNT, NABRE, NLT, REB, RSV)

It is recommended that you follow option (1) along with the majority of Hebrew manuscripts and English versions.NICOT (note 3) recommends interpretation (1), because “the LXX reflects the Qal form.” Also, the Hiphil (causative) form would normally have “the direct object sign before “her mother-in-law.” UBS (page 39) prefers option (2) on the grounds that it “produces a far smoother sequence of events.”

what she had gleaned: The Hebrew phrase that the BSB translates as what she had gleaned does not emphasize that Ruth had gathered a large amount, but this is implied.

2:18b

And she brought out what she had saved from her meal and gave it to Naomi.

And she brought out what she had saved from her meal and gave it to Naomi: The phrase what she had saved from her meal refers to the food that Ruth had left from her noon meal. See 2:14d. Boaz must have given her a very generous amount to eat, so she had some of that roasted grain to give to Naomi also.

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

Ruth also gave her the roasted grain that was left over from her meal. (NLT)

Ruth also took out the food that was left over from lunch and gave it to Naomi. (NCV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וַ⁠תִּשָּׂא֙ וַ⁠תָּב֣וֹא הָ⁠עִ֔יר

and,she_lifted_[it]_up and,she_went the=city

It is implied that Ruth carried the grain home.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And she lifted it up
    2. So picked
    3. 1987,5228
    5. 180138,180139
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124492
    1. and she went
    2. -
    3. 1987,1274
    5. 180140,180141
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124493
    1. the city
    2. town
    3. 1893,5667
    5. 180142,180143
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124494
    1. mother-in-law of her
    2. mother-in-law
    3. 2228,1978
    5. 180146,180147
    6. S-Ncfsc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124496
    1. and she/it saw
    2. -
    3. 1987,7240
    5. 180144,180145
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124495
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 180148
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124497
    1. that which
    2. -
    3. 238
    5. 180149
    6. O-Tr
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124498
    1. she had gleaned
    2. -
    3. 3829
    5. 180151
    6. V-Vpp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124500
    1. and she/it produced
    2. -
    3. 1987,3278
    5. 180152,180153
    6. SV-C,Vhw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124501
    1. and she gave
    2. gave
    3. 1987,5233
    5. 180154,180155
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124502
    1. to/for her/it
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 180157,180158
    6. S-R,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124504
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 180159
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124505
    1. that which
    2. -
    3. 238
    5. 180160
    6. O-Tr
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124506
    1. she had left over
    2. -
    3. 3324
    5. 180162
    6. V-Vhp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124508
    1. from abundance of her
    2. -
    3. 4129,8128,1978
    5. 180163,180164,180165
    6. O-R,Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124509

OET (OET-LV) And_she_lifted_it_up and_she_went the_city mother-in-law_of_her and_she/it_saw DOM that_which she_had_gleaned and_she/it_produced and_she_gave to/for_her/it DOM that_which she_had_left_over from_abundance_of_her.

OET (OET-RV) So she picked up the basket and headed back into town and showed her mother-in-law how much she had collected. Ruth also gave Naomi the roasted grain left-over from her lunch.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← RUTH 2:18 ↑ → ► ║ ©