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Ruth C1 C2 C3 C4

Ruth 2 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V22 V23

OET interlinear RUTH 2:21

◄ ← RUTH 2:21 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,תֹּאמֶר
    2. 180248,180249
    3. And she/it said
    4. -
    5. 559
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and=she/it_said
    8. S
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124564
    1. רוּת
    2. 180250
    3. Rūt
    4. Ruth
    5. 7327
    6. S-Np
    7. Ruth
    8. -
    9. Person=Ruth; Y-1307
    10. 124565
    1. הַ,מּוֹאֲבִיָּה
    2. 180251,180252
    3. the Mōʼāⱱite woman
    4. -
    5. 4125
    6. S-Td,Ngfsa
    7. the_Moabite,[woman]
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124566
    1. גַּם
    2. 180253
    3. also
    4. -
    5. 1571
    6. S-Ta
    7. also
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124567
    2. 180254
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-paseq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124568
    1. כִּי
    2. 180255
    3. if/because that
    4. -
    6. S-C
    7. if/because_that
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124569
    2. 180256
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124570
    1. אָמַר
    2. 180257
    3. he said
    4. -
    5. 559
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. he_said
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124571
    1. אֵלַ,י
    2. 180258,180259
    3. to me
    4. -
    5. 413
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    7. to=me
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124572
    1. עִם
    2. 180260
    3. with
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124573
    2. 180261
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124574
    1. הַ,נְּעָרִים
    2. 180262,180263
    3. the servants
    4. -
    5. 5288
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    7. the,servants
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124575
    1. אֲשֶׁר
    2. 180264
    3. who
    4. -
    6. S-Tr
    7. who
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124576
    2. 180265
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124577
    1. לִ,י
    2. 180266,180267
    3. to me
    4. -
    6. P-R,Sp1cs
    7. to=me
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124578
    1. תִּדְבָּקִי,ן
    2. 180268,180269
    3. you will stay
    4. -
    5. 1692
    6. V-Vqi2fs,Sn
    7. you,will_stay
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124579
    1. עַד
    2. 180270
    3. until
    4. until
    5. 5704
    6. S-R
    7. until
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124580
    1. אִם
    2. 180271
    3. (if)
    4. -
    6. S-C
    7. (if)
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124581
    2. 180272
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124582
    1. כִּלּוּ
    2. 180273
    3. they have completed
    4. -
    5. 3615
    6. V-Vpp3cp
    7. they_have_completed
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124583
    1. אֵת
    2. 180274
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124584
    1. כָּל
    2. 180275
    3. all of
    4. -
    5. 3605
    6. O-Ncmsc
    7. all_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124585
    2. 180276
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124586
    1. הַ,קָּצִיר
    2. 180277,180278
    3. the harvest
    4. harvesting
    6. O-Td,Ncmsa
    7. the,harvest
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124587
    1. אֲשֶׁר
    2. 180279
    3. which
    4. -
    6. O-Tr
    7. which
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124588
    2. 180280
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124589
    1. לִ,י
    2. 180281,180282
    3. to me
    4. -
    6. P-R,Sp1cs
    7. to=me
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124590
    2. 180283
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 124591

OET (OET-LV) And_ Rūt _she/it_said the_Mōʼāⱱite_woman also if/because_that he_said to_me with the_servants who to_me you_will_stay until (if) they_have_completed DOM all_of the_harvest which to_me.

OET (OET-RV) “He also told me,” said Ruth the Moabitess, “to stay with his workers until they finish the harvesting.”

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:1–23: Ruth gathered grain in a field belonging to Boaz

This third section in the book of Ruth tells how Ruth met Boaz. Since Naomi and Ruth were poor at this time, Ruth asked Naomi for permission to glean in the grain fields in order to find them some food.

Ruth chose a field in which to glean. Although she did not know it, the man who owned that field, Boaz, was a relative of Elimelech. Boaz had heard about Ruth already, but he had not met her. He was sympathetic and kind to her that day, and told her to continue to work in his field during the rest of the harvest time.

That evening, Ruth returned home and told Naomi that the owner of the field where she had gleaned was called Boaz and that he had treated her well. Naomi was very pleased. She encouraged Ruth to continue to work there just as Boaz had invited her to do.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Ruth Meets Boaz (ESV)

Ruth Works in the Field of Boaz (NET)

2:21a

Then Ruth the Moabitess said, “He also told me,

Then Ruth the Moabitess said: In many languages, it may be more natural to simply say Ruth rather than repeating the phrase Ruth the Moabitess. However, it is recommended that you repeat the information that Ruth was a woman from Moab. It is probable that the author wished to emphasize this at this point in the narrative.

He also told me: There are two ways to interpret the Hebrew expression that the BSB translates as also:

  1. It adds force or emphasis, so it intensifies what follows. For example:

    and what is more he said to me (REB) (CEV, GNT, NET, NIV, NABRE, NJPS, NLT, NRSV, REB)

  2. It means “also,” so it introduces something additional that Boaz had said. For example:

    He also said to me (GW) (BSB, ESV, GW, KJV, NASB, NCV, NJB, RSV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1).WBC (page 138) says that this expression adds “force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows.” UBS supports interpretation (2) with the brief comment that a phrase such as “added” expresses the meaning.

2:21b

‘Stay with my young men until they have finished gathering all my harvest.’”

Stay with my young men: The Hebrew verb that the BSB translates as Stay with means “keep close to.” In this context, Boaz was telling Ruth to remain near his own workers while they were in the field.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

You may go along beside my servants (NET)

Keep close to my workers (NCV)

my young men: This is a masculine plural noun. In this context, it probably refers to both the men and the women who were working in Boaz’s fields. Ruth was reporting what Boaz had said in 2:8c, where Boaz told Ruth to remain close to “my servant girls.”

until they have finished gathering all my harvest: Boaz was referring to both the barley and the wheat harvests, as mentioned in 2:23b.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

until they have finished my whole harvest (NCV)

until the entire harvest is completed (NLT)

General Comment on 2:21a-b

2:21b is an embedded quotation. It gives Ruth’s report of what Boaz had said. In some languages, it is not possible to have a direct quotation of a quotation. It may be necessary or more natural to report Boaz’s words using indirect speech. For example:

Then Ruth the Moabitess said, “He also told me to stay close to his workers until they finish harvesting all the grain.”

Ruth told her, “Boaz even said I could stay in the field with his workers until they had finished harvesting all his grain.” (CEV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

גַּ֣ם ׀ כִּי־אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗⁠י

also/yet that/for/because/then/when he/it_had_said to=me

The implication is that what follows is beyond what anyone would have expected a landowner to say to Ruth. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [He even said to me]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / quotesinquotes

אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗⁠י עִם־הַ⁠נְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִ⁠י֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔י⁠ן עַ֣ד אִם־כִּלּ֔וּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַ⁠קָּצִ֖יר אֲשֶׁר־לִֽ⁠י

he/it_had_said to=me with the,servants which/who to=me you,will_stay until if finished DOM all/each/any/every the,harvest which/who to=me

natural laIf your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: [He said that I should keep close by his servants until they have finished all of his harvest]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

עִם־הַ⁠נְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִ⁠י֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔י⁠ן

with the,servants which/who to=me you,will_stay

The implication is that Boaz wants to protect and provide for Ruth. Boaz was expressing confidence that his workers would not harm Ruth. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [I want you to glean safely, near my field workers,]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

2:21 The author refers to Ruth as (literally) “Ruth the Moabite” five times (1:22; 2:2, 21; 4:5, 10), reminding us repeatedly that Ruth was not an Israelite.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And
    2. -
    3. 1987,683
    5. 180248,180249
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124564
    1. Rūt
    2. Ruth
    3. 7396
    5. 180250
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Ruth; Y-1307
    10. 124565
    1. she/it said
    2. -
    3. 1987,683
    5. 180248,180249
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124564
    1. the Mōʼāⱱite woman
    2. -
    3. 1893,4816
    5. 180251,180252
    6. S-Td,Ngfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124566
    1. also
    2. -
    3. 1471
    5. 180253
    6. S-Ta
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124567
    1. if/because that
    2. -
    3. 3482
    5. 180255
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124569
    1. he said
    2. -
    3. 683
    5. 180257
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124571
    1. to me
    2. -
    3. 369,1978
    5. 180258,180259
    6. S-R,Sp1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124572
    1. with
    2. -
    3. 5681
    5. 180260
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124573
    1. the servants
    2. -
    3. 1893,5097
    5. 180262,180263
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124575
    1. who
    2. -
    3. 238
    5. 180264
    6. S-Tr
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124576
    1. to me
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 180266,180267
    6. P-R,Sp1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124578
    1. you will stay
    2. -
    3. 1725,4876
    5. 180268,180269
    6. V-Vqi2fs,Sn
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124579
    1. until
    2. until
    3. 5798
    5. 180270
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124580
    1. (if)
    2. -
    3. 280
    5. 180271
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124581
    1. they have completed
    2. -
    3. 3619
    5. 180273
    6. V-Vpp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124583
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 180274
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124584
    1. all of
    2. -
    3. 3671
    5. 180275
    6. O-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124585
    1. the harvest
    2. harvesting
    3. 1893,6970
    5. 180277,180278
    6. O-Td,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124587
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 238
    5. 180279
    6. O-Tr
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124588
    1. to me
    2. -
    3. 3705,1978
    5. 180281,180282
    6. P-R,Sp1cs
    8. -
    9. Y-1307
    10. 124590

OET (OET-LV) And_ Rūt _she/it_said the_Mōʼāⱱite_woman also if/because_that he_said to_me with the_servants who to_me you_will_stay until (if) they_have_completed DOM all_of the_harvest which to_me.

OET (OET-RV) “He also told me,” said Ruth the Moabitess, “to stay with his workers until they finish the harvesting.”

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← RUTH 2:21 ↑ → ► ║ ©