RUTH 2:11 Interlinear View

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. וַ,יַּעַן
2. 179928,179929
3. And he answered
4. -
6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
7. and,he_answered
8. S
9. Y-1307
10. 124349
1. בֹּעַז
2. 179930
3. Boˊaz
4. Boaz
5. 1162
6. S-Np
7. Boaz
8. -
9. Person=Boaz; Y-1307
10. 124350
1. וַ,יֹּאמֶר
2. 179931,179932
3. and he/it said
4. -
5. 559
6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
7. and=he/it_said
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124351
1. לָ,הּ
2. 179933,179934
3. to/for her/it
4. -
6. S-R,Sp3fs
7. to/for=her/it
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124352
1. הֻגֵּד
2. 179935
3. fully (be told)
4. -
5. 5046
6. S-VHa
7. fully_(be_told)
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124353
1. הֻגַּד
2. 179936
3. it has been told
4. -
5. 5046
6. V-VHp3ms
7. it_has_been_told
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124354
1. לִ,י
2. 179937,179938
3. to me
4. -
6. S-R,Sp1cs
7. to=me
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124355
1. כֹּל
2. 179939
3. all
4. -
5. 3605
6. S-Ncmsa
7. all
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124356
1. אֲשֶׁר
2. 179940
3. that
4. -
6. S-Tr
7. that
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124357
2. 179941
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 124358
1. עָשִׂית
2. 179942
3. you have done
4. you've done
6. V-Vqp2fs
7. you_have_done
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124359
1. אֶת
2. 179943
3. with
4. -
5. 854
6. S-R
7. with
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124360
2. 179944
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 124361
1. חֲמוֹתֵ,ךְ
2. 179945,179946
3. mother-in-law of your
4. mother-in-law
5. 2545
6. S-Ncfsc,Sp2fs
7. mother-in-law_of,your
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124362
1. אַחֲרֵי
2. 179947
3. after
4. -
6. S-R
7. after
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124363
1. מוֹת
2. 179948
3. the death of
4. -
5. 4194
6. S-Ncmsc
7. the_death_of
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124364
1. אִישֵׁ,ךְ
2. 179949,179950
3. your(fs) man/husband
4. -
5. 376
6. S-Ncmsc,Sp2fs
7. your(fs)=man/husband
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124365
1. וַ,תַּֽעַזְבִי
2. 179951,179952
3. and you left
4. -
6. SV-C,Vqw2fs
7. and,you_left
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124366
1. אָּבִי,ךְ
2. 179953,179954
3. father of your
4. -
5. 1
6. O-Ncmsc,Sp2fs
7. father_of,your
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124367
2. 179955
3. -
4. -
6. -
8. -
9. -
10. 124368
2. 179956
3. -
4. -
6. -
8. -
9. -
10. 124369
2. 179957
3. -
4. -
6. -
8. -
9. -
10. 124370
1. וְ,אִמֵּ,ךְ
2. 179958,179959,179960
3. and mother of your
4. -
5. 517
6. O-C,Ncfsc,Sp2fs
7. and,mother_of,your
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124371
1. וְ,אֶרֶץ
2. 179961,179962
3. and the land of
4. -
5. 776
6. O-C,Ncbsc
7. and,the_land_of
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124372
1. מוֹלַדְתֵּ,ךְ
2. 179963,179964
3. your kindred of your
4. -
5. 4138
6. O-Ncfsc,Sp2fs
7. your_kindred_of,your
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124373
1. וַ,תֵּלְכִי
2. 179965,179966
3. and you came
4. came
5. 3212
6. SV-C,Vqw2fs
7. and,you_came
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124374
1. אֶל
2. 179967
3. to
4. -
5. 413
6. S-R
7. to
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124375
2. 179968
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 124376
1. עַם
2. 179969
3. a people
4. people
6. S-Ncmsa
7. a_people
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124377
1. אֲשֶׁר
2. 179970
3. which
4. that
6. S-Tr
7. which
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124378
1. לֹא
2. 179971
3. not
4. -
5. 3808
6. S-Tn
7. not
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124379
2. 179972
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 124380
1. יָדַעַתְּ
2. 179973
3. you knew
4. -
5. 3045
6. V-Vqp2fs
7. you_knew
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124381
1. תְּמוֹל
2. 179974
3. yesterday
4. -
5. 8543
6. S-D
7. yesterday
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124382
1. שִׁלְשׁוֹם
2. 179975
3. three days ago
4. -
5. 8032
6. S-Ncmsa
7. three_days_ago
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124383
2. 179976
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 124384

2:11 OSHB note: Marks a place where we agree with BHQ against BHS in reading L.

2:11 OSHB note: Marks an anomalous form.

2:11 OSHB note: We read punctuation in L differently from BHS.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:1–23: Ruth gathered grain in a field belonging to Boaz

This third section in the book of Ruth tells how Ruth met Boaz. Since Naomi and Ruth were poor at this time, Ruth asked Naomi for permission to glean in the grain fields in order to find them some food.

Ruth chose a field in which to glean. Although she did not know it, the man who owned that field, Boaz, was a relative of Elimelech. Boaz had heard about Ruth already, but he had not met her. He was sympathetic and kind to her that day, and told her to continue to work in his field during the rest of the harvest time.

That evening, Ruth returned home and told Naomi that the owner of the field where she had gleaned was called Boaz and that he had treated her well. Naomi was very pleased. She encouraged Ruth to continue to work there just as Boaz had invited her to do.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Ruth Meets Boaz (ESV)

Ruth Works in the Field of Boaz (NET)

Paragraph 2:8–13

In this paragraph, Boaz told Ruth that she should stay and glean in his field along with his other women workers. He told her that he had instructed the young men not to bother her. He also said that she should feel free to drink from the water jars that the young men had filled. Ruth asked Boaz why he was being so kind to her. He replied that he had heard about everything she had done for her mother-in-law. He had also heard about her decision to leave her homeland and come to live with people she did not previously know.

2:11a

Boaz replied, “I have been made fully aware of all you have done for your mother-in-law since the death of your husband,

Boaz answered, “I have heard about everything that you^(sing) have done for your mother-in-law since your husband died.
Boaz said to her, “People have told me all that you have done to help/support your mother-in-law after the death of her son, your husband.

Boaz replied: The Hebrew is more literally “and Boaz answered and said.” Introduce Boaz’s reply to Ruth in a way that is natural in your language.

I have been made fully aware of all you have done for your mother-in-law: The Hebrew phrase that the BSB translates as made fully aware is more literally “have been told, have been told.” This repetition emphasizes the fact that Boaz had been told about Ruth’s actions toward her mother-in-law. Perhaps several people had talked to him about her. In addition, the word fully is used. This indicates that Ruth’s actions had been explained to him in detail. Boaz had heard a lot about Ruth and what she had done for Naomi.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

People have told me about everything you have done for your mother-in-law (GW)

I know about all the help you have given your mother-in-law (NCV)

I have been hearing all about your kind actions to your mother-in-law

I have been made fully aware: The verb phrase I have been made fully aware is passive in form. Boaz does not say who had told him about Ruth. There are at least two ways to translate this:

Use a passive verb. For example:
I have been given a full report (NET)
Use an active verb. For example:
People have told me
I have heard
I have had a complete account (NABRE)

all you have done for your mother-in-law: This refers to the various things that Ruth had done to help and support Naomi. In some languages, it may be natural to make it explicit that Ruth had behaved well toward her mother-in-law. For example:

how you’ve helped your mother-in-law (CEV)

all the help you have given your mother-in-law (NCV)

since the death of your husband: The phrase since the death of your husband refers in general to the period of time that had passed since the death of Ruth’s husband Mahlon. Here are some other ways to translate this:

following the death of your husband (NET)

ever since your husband died (CEV)

2:11a-c

(combined)

Boaz answered her, “People have told me about everything you have done for your mother-in-law since your husband died. They told me how you left your father and mother in the country where you were born. They also told me how you came to people that you didn’t know before. (GW)

2:11b

how you left your father and mother and the land of your birth,

I have been told that you^(sing) left your father and your mother and the country where you were born
They told me that you said farewell/goodbye to your father and mother and your own/native land

how you left your father and mother and the land of your birth: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as how does not refer to the way Ruth left, but rather to the fact that she left. This verse part begins an explanation of what exactly Ruth had done for her mother-in-law. She had left her own parents and her own land.

In some languages, it may be more natural to begin a new sentence here. For example:

You even left your own father and mother to come and live in a foreign land (NCV)

I have heard how you left your own father and mother and your own land (NLT)

the land of your birth: This refers to the land of Moab, where Ruth had been born and where her family still lived.

2:11c

and how you came to a people you did not know before.

to come and live with a group of people you did not know before.
and came here to live among people you never met before.

and how you came to a people you did not know before: This verse part continues to make explicit what Ruth had done for Naomi. She had come to live in Israel among strangers. The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as a people is a general word. It is contrasted with Ruth’s “land of…birth” of Moab in 2:11b, so here it refers to the people of Israel.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

and came to live among people you did not know previously (NET)

to come to a nation where you did not know anyone (NCV)

a people you did not know before: This clause indicates that Ruth had not known the Israelites well or personally before this time. Ruth had never lived in Israel before. She knew about the Israelites but perhaps only knew the family of Elimelech personally.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

among complete strangers (NLT)

us^(excl) foreigners

General Comment on 2:11a–c

This verse consists of a very long sentence. In the Book of Ruth, Boaz often speaks in long sentences. This seems to be part of the way that the author shows his character as a serious and dignified man. However, in some languages it may be better to translate this verse as two or three sentences. For example:

^11aBoaz answered her, “People have told me about everything you have done for your mother-in-law since your husband died. ^11bThey told me how you left your father and mother and the country where you were born. ^11cThey also told me how you came to people that you didn’t know before….” (GW)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / hendiadys

וַ⁠יַּ֤עַן בֹּ֨עַז֙ וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר

and,he_answered Boˊaz and=he/it_said

Both answered and said describe the same action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use only one verb for this, as in the UST. Alternate translation: [Then Boaz responded]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / reduplication

הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֜ד

to_be_told he_was_told

The words It has been fully reported translate a verb that is repeated twice to emphasize the fullness of the report. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֜ד לִ֗⁠י

to_be_told he_was_told to=me

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [People have fully reported to me]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

וַ⁠תֵּ֣לְכִ֔י אֶל־עַ֕ם

and,you_came to/towards people

With the words you came to a people, Boaz is referring to Ruth coming to dwell with Naomi in a village and community, a country and religion that she did not know.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם

yesterday before

Here, the day before yesterday is an idiom that means “recently.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [before] or [a little while ago]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Hebrew word
5. Hebrew lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. And
2. -
3. 1987,5969
5. 179928,179929
6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
8. S
9. Y-1307
10. 124349
1. Boˊaz
2. Boaz
3. 1260
5. 179930
6. S-Np
8. -
9. Person=Boaz; Y-1307
10. 124350
1. he answered
2. -
3. 1987,5969
5. 179928,179929
6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
8. S
9. Y-1307
10. 124349
1. and he/it said
2. -
3. 1987,683
5. 179931,179932
6. SV-C,Vqw3ms
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124351
1. to/for her/it
2. -
3. 3705,1978
5. 179933,179934
6. S-R,Sp3fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124352
1. fully (be told)
2. -
3. 5120
5. 179935
6. S-VHa
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124353
1. it has been told
2. -
3. 5120
5. 179936
6. V-VHp3ms
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124354
1. to me
2. -
3. 3705,1978
5. 179937,179938
6. S-R,Sp1cs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124355
1. all
2. -
3. 3671
5. 179939
6. S-Ncmsa
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124356
1. that
2. -
3. 238
5. 179940
6. S-Tr
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124357
1. you have done
2. you've done
3. 6035
5. 179942
6. V-Vqp2fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124359
1. with
2. -
3. 347
5. 179943
6. S-R
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124360
1. mother-in-law of your
2. mother-in-law
3. 2228,1978
5. 179945,179946
6. S-Ncfsc,Sp2fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124362
1. after
2. -
3. 496
5. 179947
6. S-R
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124363
1. the death of
2. -
3. 4671
5. 179948
6. S-Ncmsc
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124364
1. your(fs) man/husband
2. -
3. 266,1978
5. 179949,179950
6. S-Ncmsc,Sp2fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124365
1. and you left
2. -
3. 1987,5920
5. 179951,179952
6. SV-C,Vqw2fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124366
1. father of your
2. -
3. 613,1978
5. 179953,179954
6. O-Ncmsc,Sp2fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124367
1. and mother of your
2. -
3. 1987,334,1978
5. 179958,179959,179960
6. O-C,Ncfsc,Sp2fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124371
1. and the land of
2. -
3. 1987,422
5. 179961,179962
6. O-C,Ncbsc
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124372
1. your kindred of your
2. -
3. 4821,1978
5. 179963,179964
6. O-Ncfsc,Sp2fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124373
1. and you came
2. came
3. 1987,1984
5. 179965,179966
6. SV-C,Vqw2fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124374
1. to
2. -
3. 369
5. 179967
6. S-R
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124375
1. a people
2. people
3. 5847
5. 179969
6. S-Ncmsa
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124377
1. which
2. that
3. 238
5. 179970
6. S-Tr
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124378
1. not
2. -
3. 3835
5. 179971
6. S-Tn
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124379
1. you knew
2. -
3. 3207
5. 179973
6. V-Vqp2fs
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124381
1. yesterday
2. -
3. 8181
5. 179974
6. S-D
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124382
1. three days ago
2. -
3. 7567
5. 179975
6. S-Ncmsa
8. -
9. Y-1307
10. 124383