HOS 9:13 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX Ἐφραὶμ, ὃν τρόπον εἶδον, εἰς θήραν παρέστησαν τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν, καὶ Ἐφραὶμ, τοῦ ἐξαγαγεῖν εἰς ἀποκέντησιν τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ.
(Efraim, hon tropon eidon, eis thaʸran parestaʸsan ta tekna autōn, kai Efraim, tou exagagein eis apokentaʸsin ta tekna autou. )

BrTr Ephraim, even as I saw, gave their children for a prey; yea, Ephraim was ready to bring out his children to slaughter.

ULT Ephraim, as I have seen, is like Tyre planted in a meadow;
⇔ but Ephraim will bring out his children to him who slaughters.”

UST I have seen the people of Israel;
⇔ they were like Tyre; they were like a tree planted in a beautiful meadow.
⇔ But they will have to lead their own children out to their enemies, who will slaughter them.”

OEB ⇔ Ephraim – planted like Tyre in a meadow[fn],
⇔ But Ephraim too must lead forth their children to slaughter.

9:13 Heb. uncertain. LXX: as I have seen, his sons are destined to be a prey

WEBBE I have seen Ephraim, like Tyre, planted in a pleasant place;
⇔ but Ephraim will bring out his children to the murderer.

WMBB (Same as above)

NET Just as lion cubs are born predators,
⇔ so Ephraim will bear his sons for slaughter.

LSV Ephraim! When I have looked to the rock,
Is planted in comeliness,
And Ephraim [is] to bring out his sons to a slayer.

FBV Ephraim! Just as I saw Tyre planted in a meadow, so too Ephraim will lead out his children to the murderer.[fn]

9:13 Both Israel and the people of Tyre practiced child sacrifice. Both cities were conquered by the Assyrians in 722 BC.

T4T I have seen Israel become beautiful and prosperous like Tyre city was before it was destroyed,
⇔ but now the people of Israel will be forced to take their children to be slaughtered by their enemies.”

LEB • Ephraim, as I see it, is like a palm in a meadow;
• but Ephraim must bring out
• his children to the slayer.

BBE As I have seen a beast whose young have been taken from her, so Ephraim will give birth to children only for them to be put to death.

Moff Ephraim’s sons are doomed to be a prey;
⇔ Ephraim has to lead his sons to die.

JPS Ephraim, like as I have seen Tyre, is planted in a pleasant place; but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the slayer.

ASV Ephraim, like as I have seen Tyre, is planted in a pleasant place: but Ephraim shall bring out his children to the slayer.

DRA Ephraim, as I saw, was a Tyre founded in beauty: and Ephraim shall bring out his children to the murderer.

YLT Ephraim! when I have looked to the rock, Is planted in comeliness, And Ephraim [is] to bring out unto a slayer his sons.

Drby Ephraim, as I saw [him], was a Tyre planted in a beautiful place; but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the slayer.

RV Ephraim, like as I have seen Tyre, is planted in a pleasant place: but Ephraim shall bring out his children to the slayer.

SLT Ephraim, as I saw for Tyre, was planted in a habitation: and Ephraim to bring forth his sons to him slaying.

Wbstr Ephraim, as I saw Tyre, is planted in a pleasant place: but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the murderer.

KJB-1769 Ephraim, as I saw Tyrus, is planted in a pleasant place: but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the murderer.

KJB-1611 Ephraim, as I saw Tyrus, is planted in a pleasant place: but Ephraim shall bring foorth his children to the murderer.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above)

Bshps Ephraim (as me thinke) is planted in a pleasaunt place, like as is Tyrus: but nowe must she bryng her owne children foorth to the manslayer.
(Ephraim (as me think) is planted in a pleasant place, like as is Tyrus: but now must she bring her own children forth to the manslayer.)

Gnva Ephraim, as I sawe, is as a tree in Tyrus planted in a cottage: but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the murtherer.
(Ephraim, as I saw, is as a tree in Tyrus planted in a cottage: but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the murderer. )

Cvdl Ephraim (as me thinke) is planted in welthinesse, like as Tyrus, but now must she bringe hir owne children forth to the manslayer.
(Ephraim (as me think) is planted in wealthiness, like as Tyrus, but now must she bring her own children forth to the manslayer.)

Wycl Y siy that Effraym was as Tire, foundid in fairnesse; and Effraym schal lede out hise sones to the sleere.
(I saw that Ephraim was as Tire, founded in fairness; and Ephraim shall lead out his sons to the slayer.)

Luth Ephraim, als ich es ansehe, ist gepflanzet und hübsch wie Tyrus, muß aber nun ihre Kinder herauslassen dem Totschläger.
(Ephraim, as I it see, is planted and pretty/nice/lovely as/like Tyrus, must but now their/her children let_out to_him murderer.)

ClVg Ephraim, ut vidi, Tyrus erat fundata in pulchritudine; et Ephraim educet ad interfectorem filios suos.
(Ephraim, as I_saw, Tyrus was fundata in/into/on beautifultudine; and Ephraim educet to interfectorem children his_own. )

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 9:10–17: The sins of the Israelites and the response of the LORD

This section describes the joyful beginning of the LORD’s relationship with the people of Israel and the shocking way that they responded by betraying him. Because of their sin and betrayal, it is necessary for the LORD to judge them.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Israel’s Sin and Its Consequences (GNT)

Sin’s Terrible Results (CEV)

Paragraph 9:10–13 and 9:14

In the BSB and some other versions, 9:10–14 are one paragraph. TN will divide 9:10–14 into two paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the LORD is the speaker. He contrasts his love toward Israel with Israel’s betrayal of him in return. In the second paragraph, Hosea offers a prayer to the LORD in response to the LORD’s words.

9:13

Notice the contrast between the parallel parts in bold print:

^13aI have seen Ephraim, like Tyre, planted in a meadow.

^13bBut Ephraim will bring out his children for slaughter.

There is a strong contrast between Ephraim’s desirable situation in the past and what will happen to their people in the future.

9:13a

I have seen Ephraim, like Tyre, planted in a meadow.

I once saw Ephraim, like the city of Tyre, planted in fertile soil that was ideal for his growth.
You^(plur) Israelites are like the people of Tyre. You were plants growing in beautiful pastureland.

I have seen Ephraim, like Tyre, planted in a meadow: There is a textual issue here:

The Masoretic Text has “Ephraim just as I have seen Tyre [is] planted in pastureland.”According to Davies (page 228), the MT in the first clause is “unintelligible.” Dearman (pages 253–254) says that “there is no consensus…for sorting out either misunderstood terms or errors in the text’s transmission. Andersen and Freedman (page 543) and Stuart (page 152) have similar comments. For example:
Ephraim, as I have seen, is planted in a pleasant meadow like Tyre! (NASB) (BSB, CEV, ESV, GW, KJV, NASB, NCV, NIV, NJB, NJPS, NLT, NRSV)
The LXX has “Ephraim, as I saw, presented their children for prey.” For example: Ephraim’s sons, as I have seen, are destined for a prey (RSV) (GNT, NET, REB, RSV)The NET and the REB apparently follow a different Hebrew source text that has the Hebrew phrase “as lion cubs” instead of the phrase “I have seen Ephraim…children.”

It is recommended that you follow option (1) along with most versions and commentaries.

As in 9:10, the LORD uses terms from agriculture to describe Israel’s good situation in its early days. The phrase planted in a meadow suggests fertility and growth. This description contrasts with what Ephraim will become later, a nation whose children will be killed.Hubbard (page 166) and Dearman (pages 253–254).

I have seen: This phrase is similar to the phrase “I saw your fathers” in 9:10.

Here is another way to translate it:

I have watched (NLT)

Ephraim, like Tyre, planted in a meadow: This verse part is a simile. The meaning of the simile is affected by the meaning of the Hebrew word that the BSB translates as Tyre. There are two main interpretations:

The Hebrew word means the city of Tyre. The simile compares Ephraim to the prosperous Phoenician city of Tyre, located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.McComiskey (page 152), Wood (page 206), and Keil (page 126). For example:
I have seen Israel, like Tyre, given a pleasant place. (NCV) (BSB, GW, KJV, NASB, NCV, NIV, NJB, NJPS, NLT)
The Hebrew word means “palm tree.” The simile compares Ephraim to a palm tree.This meaning is based on an Arabic word with the same consonants. Macintosh (page 372). For example:
Once I saw Ephraim as a young palm planted in a lovely meadow. (NRSV) (CEV, ESV, NRSV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). This Hebrew word does not mean “palm tree” anywhere else in the Old Testament.

Ephraim: In this verse, as elsewhere in Hosea, the name Ephraim refers to the nation of Israel. Some versions make Israel explicit here. For example:

If have seen Israel, like Tyre, given a pleasant place. (NCV)

planted in a meadow: This phrase is literally “planted in pastureland.” The word for “pastureland” describes a green meadow that has plenty of water. It is an ideal place for plants to grow.Macintosh (pages 371–372). Here the phrase is used figuratively. It is a metaphor that compares the people of Tyre and Israel to a crop or a garden that is planted in good pastureland. The land provided the people who lived there with opportunities to grow strong and prosperous.Wood (page 206), Keil (page 126), and Macintosh (page 372).

9:13b

But Ephraim will bring out his children for slaughter.

But now Ephraim will/must take/bring out his children to be killed.”
Yet you^(plur) will experience disaster. You will be forced to take your own children to a place where someone will kill them.”

But Ephraim will bring out his children for slaughter: In Hebrew, this verse part is more literally “and Ephraim to bring out to one who kills his sons/children.”BART interlinear.

This clause indicates that the children of the people of Israel will be murdered. There are various opinions as to the historical event(s) to which this clause refers. It could refer specifically to the time when the Assyrian army will attack Israel and kill children or it could refer to others who will kill them.McComiskey (page 152) suggests that this statement is metonymy for the Assyrians. Wood (page 206) suggests that this statement connotes frequent murders, civil strife, and also warfare. If possible, translate this statement in a general way that does not indicate who will kill the children.

But: This statement describes a horrible situation that contrasts strongly with the good situation described in 9:13a. Many English versions introduce the contrast with a word such as But. Indicate this contrast in a natural way in your language.

will bring out: In Hebrew, the form of this verb may indicate that the people were forced to bring their children somewhere to be killed.According to Macintosh (page 371), the infinitive construct with lamed expresses obligation, compulsion. He refers to Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar, 114 The Infinitive Construct, Remark 2. Lange (page76) says that this construction = “must lead forth.” Versions that explicitly indicate compulsion include ESV, NJPS, NRSV, and REB. Versions that do not specify compulsion but simply indicate what the people will do include CBSB, EV, GW, KJV, NAB, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT. McComiskey (page 150) uses the wording “will lead out,” but does not comment further. Some versions indicate this explicitly. For example:

must lead out (NRSV)

must bring out (NJPS)

Other versions indicate that the people will bring out their children to be killed. They do not indicate that they are forced to do so. For example:

will bring out (NASB)

will soon bring out (NCV)

You may translate either way.

The Hebrew word for “children” here is masculine plural. This form can refer either to male children or to children in general, including male and female children. In this context of judgment on the entire nation, the word probably refers to all children. Most versions have “children” here.

for slaughter: The form of the Hebrew word that the BSB translates as for slaughter can be translated in several acceptable ways:The Hebrew word form is Qal Participle.

Translate with a verb that means “to be killed.” For example:
But the people of Ephraim will bring out their children to be killed (GW)
But now Israel will bring out her children to be slaughtered. (NLT96)
Translate with a noun that means “one who kills.” For example:
so Ephraim will present his children to the slaughterer (NJB)
but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the murderer (KJV)
Translate with a noun that means “the act of killing.” For example:
But now Israel will bring out her children for slaughter. (NLT)

Parallel HOS 9:13

Section 9:10–17: The sins of the Israelites and the response of the LORD

Paragraph 9:10–13 and 9:14

9:13

9:13a

9:13b

General Information: