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Hos 11 V1 V2 V3 V4 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12

OET interlinear HOS 11:5

◄ ← HOS 11:5 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. לֹא
    2. 523491
    3. Not
    4. -
    5. 3808
    6. S-Tn
    7. not
    8. S
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365874
    1. יָשׁוּב
    2. 523492
    3. he will return
    4. -
    5. 7725
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    7. he_will_return
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365875
    1. אֶל
    2. 523493
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 413
    6. S-R
    7. to
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365876
    2. 523494
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 365877
    1. אֶרֶץ
    2. 523495
    3. the land of
    4. -
    5. 776
    6. S-Ncbsc
    7. the_land_of
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365878
    1. מִצְרַיִם
    2. 523496
    3. Miʦrayim
    4. Egypt
    5. 4714
    6. S-Np
    7. of_Egypt
    8. -
    9. Location=Egypt; Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365879
    1. וְ,אַשּׁוּר
    2. 523497,523498
    3. and ʼAshshūr
    4. ≈but Assyria
    5. 804
    6. S-C,Np
    7. and,Assyria
    8. -
    9. Location=Assyria; Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365880
    1. הוּא
    2. 523499
    3. it
    4. -
    5. 1931
    6. S-Pp3ms
    7. it
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365881
    1. מַלְכּ,וֹ
    2. 523500,523501
    3. +be his king of +will
    4. their king
    5. 4428
    6. P-Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    7. be]_his_king_of,[will
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365882
    1. כִּי
    2. 523502
    3. if/because
    4. because
    6. S-C
    7. if/because
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365883
    1. מֵאֲנוּ
    2. 523503
    3. they have refused
    4. they refused
    5. 3985
    6. V-Vpp3cp
    7. they_have_refused
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365884
    1. לָ,שׁוּב
    2. 523504,523505
    3. to repent
    4. -
    5. 7725
    6. SV-R,Vqc
    7. to,repent
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365885
    2. 523506
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 365886

OET (OET-LV) Not he_will_return to the_land_of Miʦrayim and_ʼAshshūr it be_his_king_of_will if/because they_have_refused to_repent.

OET (OET-RV)  ⇔ They won’t return to Egypt,
 ⇔ but Assyria will become their king,
 ⇔ because they refused to return to me.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 11:1–11 The LORD’s love for his people

This section refers back to Israel’s history, as do Section 9:10–17 and Section 10:1–8. In all three sections, the LORD describes the joyful beginning of his relationship with the people of Israel and their response of betrayal against him. The earlier sections focus more on the LORD’s punishment. The people will be taken into exile. This section focuses more on his love.

The LORD speaks of his love for Israel in the past (11:1–4), warns them of their future exile and destruction (11:5–7), and assures them that in the future he will turn from his anger and show them compassion. Because of his love for them, he promises that he will bring the people back to the land of Israel (11:8–11).

Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord’s Love for Israel (ESV)

Israel Is Like a Bad Son (GW)

Throughout this section, the LORD is the speaker. When he refers to himself, he uses first person pronouns (“I/me/my”) except for verse 10, which has “Yahweh” and “he.” When he refers to the people or nation of Israel, he uses “Ephraim,” “they/them,” or “he/it.” The only exceptions are in 11:8–9. There the LORD uses the pronoun “you(sg)” to speak directly to Ephraim and to Judah.

Paragraph 11:5–7

In this paragraph, the LORD warns that Assyria will take the people of Israel into exile, because they continue to turn away from him.

11:5a–b

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

5a Will they not return to the land Egypt

5band be ruled by Assyria

In Hebrew, these lines are more literally “not he will return to the land of Egypt and Assyria it [will be] his king.” The interpretation of these lines depends on the function of the Hebrew word “not.” This word has two main functions here:

  1. The word “not” introduces either a rhetorical question that implies a “yes” answer or a positive statement.This is one way to arrive at this interpretation. Three alternative ways are: (1) Follow the LXX, which apparently regarded the Hebrew word lô to be the Hebrew word for “to-him” at the end of 11:4, rather than the word “not” at the start of 11:5. See Davis (page 258). (2) Regard the lô to function as emphasis (“surely”). See Andersen and Freedman (page 584). (3) Regard the lô to function as an exclamation (“No!”). See NJPS. The BSB above translates it as a rhetorical question. An example of a positive statement is the NET:

    “They will return to Egypt! Assyria will rule over them because they refuse to repent! (NET) (BSB, GNT, NIV, NCV, NET, NJPS, NLT, NRSV, REBThe GNT, NCV, NET, NJPS, NLT, NRSV, and REB all translate this interpretation as a positive statement instead of a rhetorical question.)

  2. The word “not” introduces a negative statement. For example:

    “They will not return to Egypt. Instead, Assyria will rule them because they have refused to return to me. (GW) (ESV, GW, KJV, NASB, NJB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with a majority of versions.The LXX “dwelt Ephraim in Egypt” seems to support interpretation (1). Wood, Davies and Stuart also support this interpretation. It is similar to statements about the people returning to Egypt in 8:13 and 9:3.

11:5a

Will they not return to the land of Egypt

Will they not return to the land of Egypt: This clause is the first line of the rhetorical question. The expected answer to this question is “Yes, they will return to Egypt.” This line is a figure of speech in which Egypt represents slavery. It means that the people will return to slavery. This slavery will be similar to their slavery in Egypt in Israel’s past. Also see the note “They will return to Egypt” under 8:13e.

Most versions translate this rhetorical question as a statement. For example:

They shall return to the land of Egypt (NRSV)

Translate this clause in a natural way in your language.

11:5b

and be ruled by Assyria

and be ruled by Assyria: This clause is literally “and Assyria it [will be] his king.” It means that the people of Israel will become slaves in the nation of Assyria. They will no longer rule themselves.

In Hebrew, the word Assyria is emphasized here.The Hebrew clause has the independent pronoun “it”: “and Assyria it [will be] his king.” For example:

and it is Assyria, no one else, that will be his king

If possible, indicate this emphasis in a natural way in your language.

A king is normally a person, not a nation. For that reason, it may not be natural in some languages to say that Assyria will be their king.

Here are some other ways to say this:

and will not those from Assyria be the ones to rule over them

and it will be the Assyrians whom they must serve

11:5c

because they refused to repent?

because they refused to repent?: There are two interpretations of the relationship of this line to those that come before and after it:

  1. This line relates to the two lines that precede it. It gives the reason that the people will become slaves in Assyria. It is because they refuse to repent. For example:

    The Israelites will become captives again, as they were in Egypt, and Assyria will become their king, because they refuse to turn back to God. (NCV) (BSB, GNT, NIV, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, REB)

  2. This line relates to the lines that follow it in 11:6. It gives the reason that the sword will flash in their cities and cause destruction. It is because they refuse to repent. For example:

    They return to the land of Egypt, and Assyria is their king. Because they refuse to repent, 6 a sword shall descend upon their towns… (NJPS) (NAB, NJB, NJPS)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with a majority of versions and commentaries. It is supported by both the Masoretic Text and the early versions.

repent: In Hebrew, this word is literally to “turn” or “return.” The same Hebrew word is used in 11:5a, where it refers to the people’s return to Egypt. Hosea probably used the same word here as a wordplay. The wordplay draws attention to the reason that the people will return to slavery. It is because they refuse to return to the LORD.See Dearman (pages 285–286), Garrett (pages 225–226), Macintosh (page 452) and Davies (page 258).

In some languages, it is possible to translate the wordplay directly by using the same word in 5a and 5c, as in Hebrew. For example:

They shall return to the land of Egypt, and Assyria shall be their king, because they have refused to return to me. (NRSV)

In some languages, it may not be possible to use the same word in both places. Translate this line in a natural way in your language.

uW Translation Notes:

General Information:

Yahweh is speaking about Israel.

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

(Occurrence 0) Will they not return to the land of Egypt?

(Some words not found in UHB: not return to/towards earth/land Miʦrayim/(Egypt) and,Assyria he/it be]_his_king_of,[will that/for/because/then/when refused to,repent )

This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

(Occurrence 0) Will Assyria not rule over them because they refuse to return to me?

(Some words not found in UHB: not return to/towards earth/land Miʦrayim/(Egypt) and,Assyria he/it be]_his_king_of,[will that/for/because/then/when refused to,repent )

The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

11:1-11 God agonized over Israel’s unfaithfulness. Despite all he had done, Israel had become a rebel. Justice required severe punishment, but the final sentence for Israel would be determined by God’s tender compassion for his people, not by an abstract principle.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. Not
    2. -
    3. 3835
    5. 523491
    6. S-Tn
    8. S
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365874
    1. he will return
    2. -
    3. 7951
    5. 523492
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365875
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 369
    5. 523493
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365876
    1. the land of
    2. -
    3. 422
    5. 523495
    6. S-Ncbsc
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365878
    1. Miʦrayim
    2. Egypt
    3. 4178
    5. 523496
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Location=Egypt; Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365879
    1. and ʼAshshūr
    2. ≈but Assyria
    3. 1987,602
    5. 523497,523498
    6. S-C,Np
    8. -
    9. Location=Assyria; Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365880
    1. it
    2. -
    3. 1978
    5. 523499
    6. S-Pp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365881
    1. +be his king of +will
    2. their king
    3. 4308,1978
    5. 523500,523501
    6. P-Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365882
    1. if/because
    2. because
    3. 3482
    5. 523502
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365883
    1. they have refused
    2. they refused
    3. 4646
    5. 523503
    6. V-Vpp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365884
    1. to repent
    2. -
    3. 3705,7951
    5. 523504,523505
    6. SV-R,Vqc
    8. -
    9. Y-740; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 365885

OET (OET-LV) Not he_will_return to the_land_of Miʦrayim and_ʼAshshūr it be_his_king_of_will if/because they_have_refused to_repent.

OET (OET-RV)  ⇔ They won’t return to Egypt,
 ⇔ but Assyria will become their king,
 ⇔ because they refused to return to me.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← HOS 11:5 ↑ → ► ║ ©