HOS 9:1 Interlinear View

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. אַל
2. 522721
3. do not
4. Don't
5. 408
6. S-Tn
7. do_not
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365318
2. 522722
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 365319
1. תִּשְׂמַח
2. 522723
3. rejoice
4. -
5. 8055
6. V-Vqj2ms
7. rejoice
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365320
1. יִשְׂרָאֵל
2. 522724
3. Oh Yisrāʼēl/(Israel)
4. Yisrael
5. 3478
6. S-Np
7. O_Israel
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365321
2. 522725
3. -
4. -
6. -x-paseq
8. -
9. -
10. 365322
1. אֶל
2. 522726
3. to
4. -
5. 413
6. S-R
7. to
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365323
2. 522727
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 365324
1. גִּיל
2. 522728
3. rejoicing
4. -
6. S-Ncmsa
7. rejoicing
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365325
1. כָּ,עַמִּים
2. 522729,522730
3. like peoples
4. peoples
6. S-Rd,Ncmpa
7. like,peoples
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365326
1. כִּי
2. 522731
3. if/because
4. because
6. S-C
7. if/because
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365327
1. זָנִיתָ
2. 522732
3. you have prostituted yourself
4. you've ≈prostituted yourself
5. 2181
6. V-Vqp2ms
7. you_have_prostituted_yourself
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365328
1. מֵ,עַל
2. 522733,522734
3. from under
4. -
6. S-R,R
7. from=under
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365329
1. אֱלֹהֶי,ךָ
2. 522735,522736
3. god of your
4. your god
5. 430
6. S-Ncmpc,Sp2ms
7. God_of,your
8. -
9. Person=God; Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365330
1. אָהַבְתָּ
2. 522737
3. you have loved
4. loved
5. 157
6. V-Vqp2ms
7. you_have_loved
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365331
1. אֶתְנָן
2. 522738
3. +the hire
4. -
5. 868
6. O-Ncmsa
7. [the]_hire
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365332
1. עַל
2. 522739
3. on
4. -
6. S-R
7. on
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365333
1. כָּל
2. 522740
3. all of
4. -
5. 3605
6. S-Ncmsc
7. all_of
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365334
2. 522741
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 365335
1. גָּרְנוֹת
2. 522742
3. threshing floors of
4. threshing floors
5. 1637
6. S-Ncbpc
7. threshing_floors_of
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365336
1. דָּגָן
2. 522743
3. grain
4. -
5. 1715
6. S-Ncmsa
7. grain
8. -
9. Y-760; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 365337
2. 522744
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 365338

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 9:1–9: The LORD will punish the Israelites

This section warns the people of Israel that the LORD will punish them because they have been unfaithful to him. When that happens, the people will no longer be able to celebrate at harvest time or enjoy the crops from their land. The section describes aspects of daily life that the people in Israel would clearly understand. Some examples are harvest festivals (9:1, 5), threshing grain and making wine (9:2), unclean food (9:3–4), offerings and sacrifices (9:4), briers and thorns (9:6), and prophets (9:7–8). There is also an indirect reference to Israel’s past (9:9).

Here are some other examples of section headings:

The Lord Will Punish Israel (ESV)

Hosea announces Israel’s Punishment (NLT)

Israel Will Be Punished (CEV)

The Sorrows of Exile (NJB)

Paragraph 9:1–6

This paragraph tells about joyful activities that the people will no longer experience when they are in exile in Assyria. In exile, they will no longer have joyful harvests or be able to offer acceptable sacrifices to God. Instead of rejoicing, they will mourn.

9:1a–b

(combined/reordered)

¶ O people of Israel, do not rejoice as other nations do. (NLT)

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

^1a Do not rejoice, O Israel,

^1b with exultation like the nations,

The speaker of these lines is probably Hosea.The pattern of second or third person references to Yahweh in 9:1–5 suggests that Hosea was the speaker. For example, “your god,” “Yahweh’s land,” “to Yahweh,” etc. See Stuart (pages 141–142). He tells the people of Israel to stop rejoicing at harvest time.

There is a textual issue in 9:1b. It affects the parallel line structure in 9:1a–b.

The LXX has “Do not rejoice, O Israel! And do not exult/delight like the peoples.” The Syriac, Vulgate, and Targum also have two parallel commands.The Syriac has “Rejoice not, O Israel, leap not for joy as others do.” The Vulgate (line 2) has “nor exult…” (Macintosh, page 339). For example:
Do not rejoice, O Israel! Do not exult as other nations do (NRSV) (CEV, ESV, GW, NAB, NCV, NIV, NJB, NRSV, REB)
The Masoretic Text has “Do not rejoice O Israel to/with rejoicing/exultation like the peoples.”The HOTTP gives the MT a C rating, indicating considerable doubt. The phrase “rejoice with exultation” means to rejoice greatly.McComiskey, Macintosh, and Lange all appeal to Job 3:22, the only other verse where a similar word combination (rejoice unto exultation) occurs. However, according to Davies (page 213), that passage may be corrupt. With this option, there is a single intensified command rather than two parallel commands. For example:
O Israel, do not rejoice jubilantly like the nations (NET) (BSB, KJV, NASB, NET)

It is recommended that you follow option (1) along with most versions.Commentaries that support option (1) include Davies, Stuart, Hubbard, and Wood. See Stuart (page 140) for more discussion.

rejoice…with exultation: These words mean “be glad/joyful.” Both words can express joy of various kinds and of various degrees of intensity.TWOT (#2268) and TWOT (#346a).

Here are some other ways to translate the negative commands:

do not rejoice; don't shout for joy (NCV)

don't rejoice. Don't celebrate (GW)

like the nations: In Hebrew, this phrase is literally “like the peoples.” It refers here to people who live in nations other than Israel.

General Comment on 9:1a–b

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine and/or reorder the parallel parts in these two lines. For example:

People of Israel, stop celebrating your festivals like pagans. (GNT)

9:1a

Do not rejoice, O Israel,

¶ Israel, do not rejoice^(sing).
¶ People of Israel, do not be full^(plur) of gladness.

9:1b

with exultation like the nations,

Do not celebrate^(sing) as other nations do.
Do not shout because of your^(plur) joy like people of other nations.

9:1c–d

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

^1cfor you have been played the harlot your God;

^1d you have made love for hire on every threshing floor.

In these lines, Hosea begins to explain why the people of Israel must not rejoice. The reason is that they were unfaithful to God and will soon experience the consequences of their unfaithfulness. God will send them into exile.

9:1c

for you have played the harlot against your God;

Because you^(sing) have left your God to sell yourself to other lovers.
You^(plur) have been like a prostitute! You have turned away from your God.

for you have played the harlot against your God: The nation of Israel is compared to a harlot/prostitute, because the people were not faithful to God.

Here are some ways to translate this metaphor:

Keep the metaphor. For example:
For you have played the harlot, forsaking your God. (NASB)
Change the metaphor to a simile. For example:
You have been like a prostitute against your God. (NCV)
Translate the meaning directly without using a figure of speech. For example:
For you have been unfaithful to your God; (NIV)

The Hebrew phrase “from beside your God” indicates that the people’s unfaithful behavior distanced them from God. Some versions make this information explicit. For example:

You have turned away from your God and have been unfaithful to him. (GNT)

for you have deserted your God to play the whore (NJB)

your God: In some languages, the phrase your God may imply that Israel’s God is not the same as Hosea’s God. One way to avoid this wrong meaning is to translate the phrase as “our^(incl) God.”

9:1d

you have made love for hire on every threshing floor.

You^(sing) loved the wages you earned as a prostitute there on every threshing floor.
In the places where people thresh grain, you^(plur) gladly offer your body to others for the money they will give you.

you have made love for hire on every threshing floor: This line again compares the Israelites to a harlot/prostitute. A prostitute earns wages by hiring herself to make love. Likewise, Israel gave herself to Baal and other false gods by worshiping them. The people wrongly thought that those false gods provided their grain and other needs as wages for their worship. See also Hosea 2:5, 2:8.

Here are some other ways to translate this line:

You have loved the wages you made as a prostitute there on every threshing floor.

Everywhere that people thresh grain, you are like prostitutes who are delighted with the fee you receive for selling yourself to others.

love for hire: This phrase refers to the fee that a client pays to a prostitute. In this context, the wages are the grain on the threshing floor.

on every threshing floor: Threshing floors were large open areas where the farmers removed the kernels of grain from the husk. Some scholars believe that threshing floors were also areas where the people worshiped Baal or other idols.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.

OET interlinear HOS 9:1

Hebrew word order