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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
Hos C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14
Hos 13 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16
OET (OET-LV) When_spoke ʼEfrayim trembling he_lifted_up he in/on/at/with_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_incurred_guilt in/on/at/with and_he/it_died.
OET (OET-RV) “When Efrayim spoke, there was trembling.
⇔ He promoted himself in Yisrael,
⇔ but he became guilty through Baal and died.
Yahweh is speaking.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche
(Occurrence 0) When Ephraim spoke
(Some words not found in UHB: when,spoke ʼEfrayim trembling exalted he/it in/on/at/with,Israel and,incurred_guilt in/on/at/with, and=he/it_died )
Hosea uses the term “Ephraim” to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time.
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
(Occurrence 0) there was trembling
(Some words not found in UHB: when,spoke ʼEfrayim trembling exalted he/it in/on/at/with,Israel and,incurred_guilt in/on/at/with, and=he/it_died )
It is understood that people were trembling because they were afraid of Ephraim. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “there was trembling among the people” or “people trembled in fear”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
(Occurrence 0) He exalted himself in Israel
(Some words not found in UHB: when,spoke ʼEfrayim trembling exalted he/it in/on/at/with,Israel and,incurred_guilt in/on/at/with, and=he/it_died )
Here “exalting” means to make oneself important.
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
(Occurrence 0) but he became guilty because of Baal worship, and he died
(Some words not found in UHB: when,spoke ʼEfrayim trembling exalted he/it in/on/at/with,Israel and,incurred_guilt in/on/at/with, and=he/it_died )
When the people of Ephraim began worshiping Baal, they grew weak, and their enemies defeated them. Here “died” refers to the nation growing weak.
13:1 At the height of its power, the tribe of Ephraim evoked terror among other Israelites (see Isa 7:2).
• and thus sealed their destruction (literally and he [Ephraim] died): Because of their idolatry, they had cut themselves off from the Lord, the only true source of life.
OET (OET-LV) When_spoke ʼEfrayim trembling he_lifted_up he in/on/at/with_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_incurred_guilt in/on/at/with and_he/it_died.
OET (OET-RV) “When Efrayim spoke, there was trembling.
⇔ He promoted himself in Yisrael,
⇔ but he became guilty through Baal and died.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.