OET interlinear YUD (JUD) 1:1

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person

Ἰούδας

Jude

In this culture, letter writers would give their own names first, and they would refer to themselves in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the first person. If your language has a particular way of introducing the author of a letter, you could also use that. Alternate translation: [I, Jude, am writing this letter] or [From Jude]

Note 2 topic: translate-names

Ἰούδας

Jude

Jude is the name of a man, the brother of James. See the information about him in Part 1 of the Introduction to Jude.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish

Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος, ἀδελφὸς δὲ Ἰακώβου

˱of˲_Jesus Christ slave ˱in˲_Jesus (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἰούδας Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος ἀδελφός δέ Ἰακώβου τοῖς ἐν Θεῷ Πατρί ἠγαπημένοις καί Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ τετηρημένοις κλητοῖς)

These phrases give further information about Jude. He describes himself as being both a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James. This distinguishes him from the two other men named Jude in the New Testament, which English translations usually distinguish from Jude by translating their names as “Judas”.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἀδελφὸς & Ἰακώβου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἰούδας Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος ἀδελφός δέ Ἰακώβου τοῖς ἐν Θεῷ Πατρί ἠγαπημένοις καί Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ τετηρημένοις κλητοῖς)

James and Jude were half brothers of Jesus. Joseph was their physical father, but he was not the physical father of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this relationship explicitly. Alternate translation: [a brother of James, both being half brothers of Jesus]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person

τοῖς

˱to˲_the_‹ones›

In this culture, after giving their own names, letter writers would then say to whom they were writing, naming those people in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the second person. Alternate translation: [to you who are]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

κλητοῖς

called

That these people have been called implies that God has called and saved them. Alternate translation: [and whom God has called and saved]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐν Θεῷ Πατρὶ ἠγαπημένοις

by God (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἰούδας Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος ἀδελφός δέ Ἰακώβου τοῖς ἐν Θεῷ Πατρί ἠγαπημένοις καί Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ τετηρημένοις κλητοῖς)

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express this with an active form. Alternate translation: [whom God the Father loves]

Note 8 topic: guidelines-sonofgodprinciples

Θεῷ Πατρὶ

God (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἰούδας Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος ἀδελφός δέ Ἰακώβου τοῖς ἐν Θεῷ Πατρί ἠγαπημένοις καί Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ τετηρημένοις κλητοῖς)

Father is an important title for God.

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ τετηρημένοις κλητοῖς

˱of˲_Jesus ˱in˲_Jesus Christ ˓having_been˒_kept called

If your language does not use the passive form kept and called, you could express this with an active form. Alternate translation: [those whom Jesus Christ keeps and calls]