YUD 1:18 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. ὅτι
2. hoti
3. that
4. -
5. 37540
6. C·······
7. that
8. that
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155160
1. ἔλεγον
2. legō
3. they were saying
4. -
5. 30040
6. VIIA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ saying
8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ saying
9. -
10. Y66; R155154
11. 155161
1. ὑμῖν
2. su
3. to you all
4. you
5. 47710
6. R···2D·P
7. ˱to˲ you_all
8. ˱to˲ you_all
9. -
10. Y66; R155144
11. 155162
1. ὅτι
2. hoti
3. -
4. -
5. 37540
6. C·······
7. ¬that
8. ¬that
9. -
10. -
11. 155163
1. Ἐπʼ
2. epi
3. In
4. -
5. 19090
6. P·······
7. in
8. in
9. B
10. Y66
11. 155164
1. Ἐν
2. en
3. -
4. -
5. 17220
6. P·······
7. in
8. in
9. B
10. -
11. 155165
1. ἐσχάτου
2. esχatos
3. +the last
4. -
5. 20780
6. E····GMS
7. ˓the˒ last
8. ˓the˒ last
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155166
1. ἐσχάτῳ
2. esχatos
3. -
4. -
5. 20780
6. E····DMS
7. ˓the˒ last
8. ˓the˒ last
9. -
10. -
11. 155167
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. -
11. 155168
1. χρόνου
2. χronos
3. time
4. time
5. 55500
6. N····GMS
7. time
8. time
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155169
1. χρόνῳ
2. χronos
3. -
4. -
5. 55500
6. N····DMS
7. time
8. time
9. -
10. -
11. 155170
1. ἐλεύσονται
2. erχomai
3. -
4. -
5. 20640
6. VIFM3··P
7. ˓will_be˒ coming
8. ˓will_be˒ coming
9. -
10. -
11. 155171
1. ἔσονται
2. eimi
3. will be
4. -
5. 15100
6. VIFM3··P
7. will_be
8. will_be
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155172
1. ἐμπαῖκται
2. empaiktēs
3. mockers
4. mockers
5. 17030
6. N····NMP
7. mockers
8. mockers
9. -
10. Y66; F155176; F155180
11. 155173
1. κατά
2. kata
3. according to
4. -
5. 25960
6. P·······
7. according_to
8. according_to
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155174
1. τάς
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AFP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155175
1. ἑαυτῶν
2. heautou
3. of themselves
4. -
5. 14380
6. R···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ themselves
8. ˱of˲ themselves
9. -
10. Y66; R155173
11. 155176
1. ἑαυτῷ
2. heautou
3. -
4. -
5. 14380
6. R···3DMS
7. ˱to˲ himself
8. ˱to˲ himself
9. -
10. -
11. 155177
1. ἐπιθυμίας
2. epithumia
3. lusts
4. lusts
5. 19390
6. N····AFP
7. lusts
8. lusts
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155178
1. αὐτῶν
2. autos
3. -
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ themselves
8. ˱of˲ themselves
9. -
10. -
11. 155179
1. πορευόμενοι
2. poreuō
3. following
4. following
5. 41980
6. VPPM·NMP
7. following
8. following
9. -
10. Y66; R155173
11. 155180
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GFP
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155181
1. ἀσεβειῶν
2. asebeia
3. of ungodliness
4. -
5. 7630
6. N····GFP
7. ˱of˲ ungodliness
8. ˱of˲ ungodliness
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155182

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

In this section, Jude described the sins of the fake Christians in more detail. He also foretold that the Lord would punish them. He used a special Jewish styleAs mentioned in the Outline, this style was called “midrash.” Jewish rabbis sometimes used this text-application style of presentation. in these verses. He referred to different examples, often taken from the Bible. Then he applied these examples to the situation about which he was writing.

Jude organized this part of his letter as follows:

Example	Application
verses 5–7	verse 8Verse 8 is the application for the examples in 5–7 and could end that paragraph. Verse 8 also introduces 9–10 and could begin that paragraph. These Notes show the paragraph division between verse 7 and verse 8, as does almost every English version.
verse 9	verse 10
verse 11	verses 12–13
verses 14–15	verse 16
verses 17–18	verse 19

The main purpose of the section was to show that the Lord would certainly punish these fake Christians. Jude compared them with well-known individuals and groups mentioned in the Old Testament and in other Jewish writings. He also used things found in nature to describe their sinful ways. Through these examples, he explained that these fake Christians deserved the punishment which they would receive.

Paragraph 17–19

In this paragraph, Jude used the text-application styleThe style he used was the “midrash” style, which was sometimes used by Jewish rabbis (see the Introduction for these Notes). This midrash has a text-application pair. The text (18b–d) was a prophecy taught by the apostles of Jesus Christ. In verse 19, Jude applied this prophecy to the situation that Jude’s readers faced. again for the last time in his letter.This is the last midrash of the letter. (See Section 5–19 for more explanation of this style.) In verses 17–18 he reminded his readers of a prophecy which the apostles of Jesus Christ had made. They had prophesied that there would be scoffers who would follow their own evil desires. In verse 19, Jude applied this prophecy to the fake Christians who were causing trouble in their church.

This paragraph 17–19 provides a transition from Section 5–19 to Section 20–23.Jude began both paragraph 17–19 and the first paragraph of the next section (paragraph 20–21) by addressing his readers with exactly the same Greek words, literally, “But you, beloved.”

18a

when they said to you,

They told you,^(plur)

when they said to you: In some languages it may be more natural to omit this phrase or to combine it with 17b. For example:

…^17b–18awhat the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ told you to expect: ^18b“In the last times…” (GW)

The phrase they said to you introduced the direct quotation of the prophecy (18b–d). This prophecy can also be translated as an indirect quotation. The general comment at the end of the notes for 18d illustrates this.

18b

“In the last times

“In the last days,
“During the final age,
“Before the/our^(incl) Lord Jesus returns,

In the last times: In the New Testament, In the last times and similar expressionsFor example, “in the last days.” (2 Timothy 3:1, 2 Peter 3:3), “in later times” (1 Timothy 4:1). refer to the time between Jesus’ resurrection and his return. Other ways to translate this include:

In the final age (REB)

near the end of time (CEV)

In the time before Jesus returns

18c

there will be scoffers

there will be people who will mock/ridicule the Lord.
people will mock/ridicule the Lord and his people.
certain people will make fun of him and his people.

scoffers: The Greek word that the BSB translates as scoffers refers here to people who mock, ridicule, or make fun of someone else.

The prophecy Jude quoted here did not specify whom it was that the scoffers mocked. However, Jude applied this prophecy to the fake Christians, and they mocked the Lord and his people.The idea that the fake Christians mocked the Lord, or the Lord and his people, is consistent with what Jude said in the rest of this section. It also agrees with the parallel passage in 2 Peter 3:3–4. That passage speaks of people mocking Jesus and his promise to return, and by association, the true Christians who trusted in his promise to return. In some languages it may be necessary to specify whom they mocked. If that is true in your language, here are possible ways to translate this prophecy:

people who will mock/ridicule the Lord

people will make fun of the Lord and his people.

18d

who will follow after their own ungodly desires.”

They will do the evil acts they desire to do.”
They will use only their own sinful desires to decide what they will do.”
Their own evil desires will lead them to sin against him.”

who will follow after their own ungodly desires: This expression is similar to the one that Jude used in 16b (“follow their own desires”—GW). However, here in 18d Jude added the word that the BSB translates as ungodly. See the note on 16b. If you did not use a word for ungodly in 16b, you will need to include that idea here.

ungodly: The Greek word that the BSB translates here as ungodly has already been used several times in this letter. This is the last time that Jude used it. It is recommended that you refer to the notes on 4c and 15b, 15c, and 15d. Translate in a way that will be appropriate to describe “desires.” It may be possible to use the same word that you used in 15c for the phrase “every ungodly act.”

General Comment on 18a–d

The phrase “they said to you” (18a) introduces a direct quotation of a prophecy (18b–d). It can also be translated as an indirect quotation. For example:

^18aThey told you that ^18bnear the end of time, ^18c–dselfish and godless people would start making fun of God. (CEV)

^18athat ^18bin the last times ^18cthere would be scoffers ^18dwhose purpose in life is to enjoy themselves in every evil way imaginable. (NLT)

uW Translation Notes:

ὅτι ἔλεγον ὑμῖν

that ˱they˲_˓were˒_saying ˱to˲_you_all

This phrase indicates that this verse contains the content of the “words” spoken by the apostles, which Jude referred to in the previous verse.

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ἐσχάτου χρόνου

˓the˒_last time

Here, the last time is an idiom that refers to the time before the return of Jesus. Alternate translation: [the time just before Jesus returns]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

πορευόμενοι

following

Here Jude uses the word going to refer to habitually doing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this metaphor literally. Alternate translation: [those habitually living]

κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας & τῶν ἀσεβειῶν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅτι ἔλεγον ὑμῖν Ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου χρόνου ἔσονται ἐμπαῖκται κατά τάς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν)

Here, lusts of ungodliness refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God’s will. Alternate translation: [according to their own sinful and ungodly desires]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YUD (JUD) 1:18

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

Paragraph 17–19

18a

18b

18c

18d

General Comment on 18a–d

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)