OET interlinear YUD (JUD) 1:11

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

οὐαὶ αὐτοῖς

woe ˱to˲_them

The phrase Woe to them is the opposite of “blessed are you.” It indicates that bad things are going to happen to the people being addressed, because they have displeased God. Alternate translation: “How terrible it is for them” or “Trouble will come to them”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν ἐπορεύθησαν

˱in˲_the way ¬the ˱of˲_Cain ˱they˲_/were/_gone

Here, have gone in the way is a metaphor for “have lived in the same way as.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this metaphor plainly. Alternate translation: “they have lived the same way Cain lived”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τοῦ Κάϊν

¬the ˱of˲_Cain

Here Jude compares the false teachers to Cain. Jude assumes that his readers will know that he is referring to a story recorded in the Old Testament book of Genesis. In that story, Cain made an unacceptable offering to God, and God rejected his offering. As a result he became angry and was jealous of his brother Abel, because God had accepted Abel’s offering. Cain’s anger and jealousy led him to murder his brother. God punished Cain by banishing him from farming the land. Additionally, at the time Jude wrote this letter, Jews considered Cain to be an example of someone who taught other people how to sin, which is what these false teachers were doing. You could indicate some of this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they would not know the story. Alternate translation, as a statement: “of Cain, who murdered his brother”

ἐξεχύθησαν

˱they˲_/were/_poured_out

Alternate translation: “they have fully committed themselves”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τοῦ Βαλαὰμ μισθοῦ

¬the ¬the ˱of˲_Balaam ˱for˲_reward

Here Jude compares the false teachers to Balaam. Jude assumes that his readers will know that he is referring to a story recorded in the Old Testament book of Numbers. In that story, Balaam was hired by wicked kings to curse the Israelites. When God did not allow Balaam to do so, Balaam used wicked women to seduce the Israelites into sexual immorality and idol worship so that God would punish them for their disobedience. Balaam did these wicked things because he wanted to be paid by the wicked kings, but he was eventually killed by the Israelites when they conquered the land of Canaan. You could indicate this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they would not know the story. Alternate translation, as a statement: “of Balaam, who led the Israelites into immorality for money”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τοῦ Κόρε

¬the ¬the ¬the ˱of˲_Kore

Here Jude compares the false teachers to Korah. Jude assumes that his readers will know that he is referring to a story recorded in the Old Testament book of Numbers. In that story, Korah was a man of Israel who led a rebellion against the leadership of Moses and Aaron, whom God had appointed. God killed Korah and all those who rebelled with him by burning some of them and opening up the ground to swallow up the others. You could indicate some of this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they would not know the story. Alternate translation, as a statement: “of Korah, who rebelled against God’s appointed leaders”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / pastforfuture

ἀπώλοντο

˱they˲_perished

Jude is using the past tense in order to refer to something that will happen in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If this is not clear in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “they will certainly perish”