YUD 1:14 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. προεπροφήτευσεν
2. proprofēteuō
3. -
4. -
5. 43135
6. VIAA3··S
7. prophesied_before
8. prophesied_before
9. -
10. -
11. 155063
1. προεφήτευσεν
2. profēteuō
3. prophesied
4. prophesied
5. 43950
6. VIAA3··S
7. prophesied
8. prophesied
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155064
1. Δέ
2. de
3. And
4. then
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y66
11. 155065
1. καί
2. kai
3. also
4. -
5. 25320
6. D·······
7. also
8. also
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155066
1. τούτοις
2. houtos
3. to these
4. these
5. 37780
6. R····DMP
7. ˱to˲ these
8. ˱to˲ these
9. -
10. Y66; R154919
11. 155067
1. ἕβδομος
2. hebdomos
3. +the seventh
4. seventh
5. 14420
6. S····NMS
7. ˓the˒ seventh
8. ˓the˒ seventh
9. -
10. Y66; F155072; F155157; F155227; F155294; F155294
11. 155068
1. ἀπό
2. apo
3. from
4. -
5. 5750
6. P·······
7. from
8. from
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155069
1. Ἀδάμ
2. adam
3. Adam/(ʼĀdām)
4. Adam
5. 760
6. N····GMS
7. Adam/(ʼĀdām)
8. Adam
9. U
10. Person=Adam; Y66
11. 155070
1. Ἑνώχ
2. Henōχ
3. Enōⱪ/(Ḩₐnōk)
4. 51821-24\x*Enoch
5. 18020
6. N····NMS
7. Enōⱪ/(Ḩₐnōk)
8. Enoch
9. U
10. Person=Enoch; Y66
11. 155071
1. λέγων
2. legō
3. saying
4. -
5. 30040
6. VPPA·NMS
7. saying
8. saying
9. -
10. Y66; R155068
11. 155072
1. Ἰδού
2. horaō
3. Behold
4. “Look
5. 37080
6. IMAM2··S
7. see
8. behold
9. R
10. Y66
11. 155073
1. ἦλθεν
2. erχomai
3. came
4. came
5. 20640
6. VIAA3··S
7. came
8. came
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155074
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. -
11. 155075
1. Κύριος
2. kurios
3. +the master
4. Yahweh
5. 29620
6. N····NMS
7. ˓the˒ master
8. ˓the˒ Lord
9. GN
10. Y66
11. 155076
1. ἐν
2. en
3. among
4. -
5. 17220
6. P·······
7. among
8. among
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155077
1. ἁγίαις
2. hagios
3. holy
4. -
5. 400
6. A····DFP
7. holy
8. holy
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155078
1. ἁγίων
2. hagios
3. -
4. -
5. 400
6. A····GMP
7. ˱of˲ holy
8. ˱of˲ holy
9. -
10. -
11. 155079
1. ἀγγέλων
2. aŋgelos
3. -
4. -
5. 320
6. N····GMP
7. messengers
8. angels
9. -
10. -
11. 155080
1. μυριάσιν
2. murias
3. tens of thousands
4. thousands
5. 34610
6. N····DFP
7. tens_of_thousands
8. myriads
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155081
1. ἁγίαις
2. hagios
3. -
4. -
5. 400
6. A····DFP
7. holy
8. holy
9. -
10. -
11. 155082
1. ἁγίων
2. hagios
3. -
4. -
5. 400
6. A····GMP
7. holy
8. holy
9. -
10. -
11. 155083
1. ἀγγέλων
2. aŋgelos
3. -
4. -
5. 320
6. N····GMP
7. messengers
8. angels
9. -
10. -
11. 155084
1. αὐτοῦ
2. autos
3. of him
4. his
5. 8460
6. R···3GMS
7. ˱of˲ him
8. ˱of˲ him
9. -
10. Y66
11. 155085

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

In this section, Jude described the sins of the fake Christians in more detail. He also foretold that the Lord would punish them. He used a special Jewish styleAs mentioned in the Outline, this style was called “midrash.” Jewish rabbis sometimes used this text-application style of presentation. in these verses. He referred to different examples, often taken from the Bible. Then he applied these examples to the situation about which he was writing.

Jude organized this part of his letter as follows:

Example	Application
verses 5–7	verse 8Verse 8 is the application for the examples in 5–7 and could end that paragraph. Verse 8 also introduces 9–10 and could begin that paragraph. These Notes show the paragraph division between verse 7 and verse 8, as does almost every English version.
verse 9	verse 10
verse 11	verses 12–13
verses 14–15	verse 16
verses 17–18	verse 19

The main purpose of the section was to show that the Lord would certainly punish these fake Christians. Jude compared them with well-known individuals and groups mentioned in the Old Testament and in other Jewish writings. He also used things found in nature to describe their sinful ways. Through these examples, he explained that these fake Christians deserved the punishment which they would receive.

Paragraph 14–16

In this paragraph, Jude quoted a prophecy made by a man named Enoch. Enoch lived in the Old Testament period, before the great flood. Genesis 5:18–24 indicates that Enoch had a special relationship with God, and that he never died.

Enoch prophesied that the Lord would condemn people like these fake Christians. Jude did not learn this prophecy from the Bible, but from some other reliable source.

Jude presented the information about Enoch in an order that is unusual for some languages, including English. A general comment at the end of the notes for 15d shows a way to reorder 14–15.

14a

Enoch, the seventh from Adam,

¶ Enoch was the seventh generation from Adam, who was the first.
¶ Enoch was born in the seventh generation starting with Adam, who was born in the first generation.

Enoch, the seventh from Adam: Jude identified Enoch as the seventh from Adam. The list of his ancestors recorded in Genesis chapter 5 begins with Adam, the first person whom God created. The order in Genesis 5 is:

Adam
Seth
Enosh
Kenan
Mahalalel
Jared
Enoch

According to the way that Jude and his readers counted generations, Enoch was the seventh from Adam. They counted Adam as the first generation. According to the way that some other people groups normally count generations today, Enoch was the sixth generation from Adam.

Because the number seven is an important number in the Bible,The number seven can symbolize completeness. it is recommended that you use seventh in your translation, instead of “sixth.” You may be able to say something like:

Enoch was the seventh generation from Adam, who was the first.

If your language requires you to say something other than seventh, it is recommended that you include a footnote explaining that Jude wrote seventh. For example:

This numbering includes both the first and the last in the series of seven names from Adam to Enoch. (GNT)

14b

also prophesied about them:

Enoch prophesied about these people when he said,
God inspired him to predict what would happen to people like these. He said,

prophesied: Enoch’s prophecy is not recorded in the Old Testament. However, a similar statement was written in the non-biblical Jewish book of 1 Enoch. The Greek word that the BSB translates as prophesied can also be translated as:

foretold

told what would happen

was inspired by God to foretell…

See prophesy in the Glossary.

about them: The Greek pronoun toutois is in the dative case. In a note, the NET interprets this as a dative of disadvantage, meaning that Enoch prophesied “against them.” The Greek expression that the BSB translates as about them can also be translated as:

about these men (NIV)

about these people (CEV)

against them (REB)

them: The Greek pronoun that the BSB translates here as them refers to the fake Christians whom Jude mentioned in verses 4, 8, and 10–13. Some English versions use a general expression like “these people.” Other notes that refer to this issue are “certain men” in 4a, and “these men” in 12a and in 10a.

General Comment on 14 a-b

The third word in the Greek text of Jude 14 is kai, which is often translated “and.” Here it probably means “also” as in 14b of the BSB and indicates that the fake Christians were also included in what Enoch prophesied. Consider a natural way in your language to express this. For example:

It was of these also that Enoch in the seventh generation from Adam prophesied. (RSV)

In some languages, it may be more natural to leave this kai untranslated.

14c

“Behold, the Lord is coming with myriads of His holy ones

“Look!^(plur) The Lord will certainly come with many thousands of his holy angels.
“Listen^(plur) to this! The Lord will certainly come with a very large number of his holy angels.

The Greek text of this verse contains the verb legōn, which can be translated literally as “saying.” For example:

It was of these also that Enoch…prophesied, saying, (RSV)

This verb introduces Enoch’s prophecy. In 14c through the end of 15, Jude quoted Enoch’s words. Introduce this quote in a natural way in your language.

Behold: The Greek word idou that the BSB translates as Behold is used here to focus the attention of the reader on what Jude was about to say. Other ways to translate this word include:

Look!

Listen to this!

I tell you

Consider how to focus the readers’ attention in a natural way in your language. If your language would not use an expression like idou here, you may need to omit it, as some English versions have done. For example:

The Lord will come with many thousands of his holy angels… (GNT)

the Lord: The phrase the Lord refers here to Jesus Christ. Jude referred to him as Lord in this verse, even though Lord was not in Enoch’s original prophecy.1 Enoch 1:9 says, “And behold! He cometh with ten thousands of His holy ones…” (R.H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973, 1913), page 189.

is coming: The form of the Greek verb that the BSB translates here as is coming is past tense (“came”). Enoch’s prophecy concerned future events. However, Jude quoted Enoch as if he were speaking about past events.The past tense may indicate that the prophet had actually seen the events of the prophecy in a vision or in his mind. For example, the REB says: “I saw the Lord come with his myriads of angels….” It was common for prophets to speak like this to indicate that the prophecy would certainly happen.Another way to think about this certainty is that, by using the past tense, the prophet indicated that what he prophesied was as certain as if it had already happened.

You may use the verb form that is most appropriate in your language to communicate a prophecy (whether past, present, future, or another form). In some languages it will be helpful to include a word like “certainly” to emphasize that the prophecy was certain to happen. For example,

The Lord will certainly come…

myriads: The Greek word that the BSB translates as myriads is the plural form of “ten thousand.” The word is used in a general way to mean “a very large number.” It does not refer to any precise number. Ways to translate this include:

many thousands

countless

very many

of His holy ones: Most scholars think that His holy ones refers to his angels. See angel, Meaning 1, and holy, Meaning 2, in the Glossary. You may use your key term for angels here. For example:

of his angels

of his holy angels

uW Translation Notes:

ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ

˓the˒_seventh (Some words not found in SR-GNT: προεφήτευσεν Δέ καί τούτοις ἕβδομος ἀπό Ἀδάμ Ἑνώχ λέγων Ἰδού ἦλθεν Κύριος ἐν ἁγίαις μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ)

Since Adam is considered to be the first generation of mankind, Enoch is the seventh generation.

Note 1 topic: writing-pronouns

τούτοις

˱to˲_these

Here, these ones refers to the false teachers. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: [about these false teachers]

Note 2 topic: writing-quotations

λέγων

saying

Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: [and he said]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἰδοὺ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: προεφήτευσεν Δέ καί τούτοις ἕβδομος ἀπό Ἀδάμ Ἑνώχ λέγων Ἰδού ἦλθεν Κύριος ἐν ἁγίαις μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ)

The term Behold focuses the attention of a listener or reader on what a speaker or writer is about to say. Though it literally means “look” or “see,” the term can be used to mean giving notice and attention, and that is how James is using it here. Alternate translation: [Pay attention to what I have to say!]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / pastforfuture

ἦλθεν Κύριος

came ˓the˒_Lord

Jude is using the past tense in order to refer to something that will happen in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If this is not clear in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: [The Lord will certainly come]

Κύριος

˓the˒_Lord

Here, Lord could refer to: (1) Jesus. Alternate translation, as in the UST: [The Lord Jesus] (2) God. Alternate translation: [The Lord God]

Note 5 topic: translate-unknown

μυριάσιν

myriads

The word myriads is the plural of the Greek word “myriad,” which means ten thousand (10,000) but is often used to refer to a large number. You can express this number in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: [tens of thousands]

ἁγίαις

holy

Here, holy ones could refer to: (1) angels, as suggested by the presence of angels in similar statements about judgment in Matthew 24:31, 25:31, Mark 89:38, and 2 Thessalonians 1:7. Alternate translation, as in the UST: [his holy angels] (2) believers. Alternate translation: [his holy believers] or [his saints]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YUD (JUD) 1:14

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

Paragraph 14–16

14a

14b

General Comment on 14 a-b

14c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)