YUD 1:19 Interlinear View

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

In this section, Jude described the sins of the fake Christians in more detail. He also foretold that the Lord would punish them. He used a special Jewish styleAs mentioned in the Outline, this style was called “midrash.” Jewish rabbis sometimes used this text-application style of presentation. in these verses. He referred to different examples, often taken from the Bible. Then he applied these examples to the situation about which he was writing.

Jude organized this part of his letter as follows:

Example	Application
verses 5–7	verse 8Verse 8 is the application for the examples in 5–7 and could end that paragraph. Verse 8 also introduces 9–10 and could begin that paragraph. These Notes show the paragraph division between verse 7 and verse 8, as does almost every English version.
verse 9	verse 10
verse 11	verses 12–13
verses 14–15	verse 16
verses 17–18	verse 19

The main purpose of the section was to show that the Lord would certainly punish these fake Christians. Jude compared them with well-known individuals and groups mentioned in the Old Testament and in other Jewish writings. He also used things found in nature to describe their sinful ways. Through these examples, he explained that these fake Christians deserved the punishment which they would receive.

Paragraph 17–19

In this paragraph, Jude used the text-application styleThe style he used was the “midrash” style, which was sometimes used by Jewish rabbis (see the Introduction for these Notes). This midrash has a text-application pair. The text (18b–d) was a prophecy taught by the apostles of Jesus Christ. In verse 19, Jude applied this prophecy to the situation that Jude’s readers faced. again for the last time in his letter.This is the last midrash of the letter. (See Section 5–19 for more explanation of this style.) In verses 17–18 he reminded his readers of a prophecy which the apostles of Jesus Christ had made. They had prophesied that there would be scoffers who would follow their own evil desires. In verse 19, Jude applied this prophecy to the fake Christians who were causing trouble in their church.

This paragraph 17–19 provides a transition from Section 5–19 to Section 20–23.Jude began both paragraph 17–19 and the first paragraph of the next section (paragraph 20–21) by addressing his readers with exactly the same Greek words, literally, “But you, beloved.”

19a

These are the ones who cause divisions,

These are the people who cause you^(plur) to divide into different groups.
These are the same people who are causing you^(plur) not to be united.
This prophecy told you^(plur) to expect these people, the very ones who are now creating factions among you^(plur).

These are: Jude referred again here to the fake Christians whom he mentioned frequently throughout his letterJude’s use of the word These to refer to the fake Christians is a characteristic of the central section of his letter (verses 5–19), the section containing every midrash he used. Jude 19 is the last verse of this section, and it is also the last time that Jude specifically used These as a way to introduce the application part of a text-application pair in a midrash. (4, 8a, 10–13, 14b, 16a). Here he stated that they fulfilled the prophecy in 18b–d. You may need to make this connection clear in your translation. For example:

Now they are here, and they are the ones who… (NLT)

And now these people are already making you turn against each other. (CEV)

the ones who cause divisions: The true believers to whom Jude was writing were supposed to be united. The fake Christians, through their sinful behavior and false teaching, were causing these believers to divide into opposing groups/factions. Other ways to translate this include:

the people who are causing divisions among you

the ones who are causing you not to be united.

the people who are creating factions

19b

who are worldly

They behave according to their own natural instincts/desires,
They do what they naturally desire to do.
Their own natural instincts/desires control them.

who are worldly: The BSB clause, who are worldly, translates one word in Greek. This word may be translated literally as “natural.” In this context its meaningJude used other phrases with a similar meaning. For example, “follow their own desires” (verse 16 in GW) and “who…follow after their own ungodly desires” (verse 18 in BSB). is similar to the expression “instinctively” in 10c. In that verse these fake Christians were described as being like unreasoning animals. They did what seemed right to them naturally, as determined by their own sinful natures.

These people were not motivated by love for the Lord or led by the Holy Spirit (19c). Instead, they were controlled by their own natural desires. Other ways to translate this include:

who are controlled by their natural desires (GNT)

whose thoughts are only of this world (NCV)

who follow mere natural instincts (NIV)

19c

and devoid of the Spirit.

and do not have the Holy Spirit.
The Holy Spirit does not live in them.
They do not have the Holy Spirit to guide them.

and devoid of the Spirit: The fake Christians only cared about their natural desires. They did not have the Spirit to show them a better way to think and live.In verse 19 Jude ended his description of the people against whom he wrote so strongly from verse 4 through verse 19. As he closed the portion of his letter dealing with these people, he left no doubt that they were not true Christians. Even though these people had infiltrated the church and mixed with the true believers, they did not really love God or desire to submit to him. They did not really believe in Jesus Christ or trust him to save them. They did not have the Holy Spirit. For this reason, these Notes have referred to them as fake Christians.

Here, the Spirit refers to the Holy Spirit. In some languages, it may be necessary to make this explicit. For example:

the Holy Spirit

God’s Spirit

If you make this explicit, it is recommended that you use your key term for the Holy Spirit. This will match 20c, where Jude referred to the Spirit as “the Holy Spirit.”

Ways to translate 19c include:

they do not have the Holy Spirit.

the Holy Spirit does not live in them.

the Holy Spirit does not guide them.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-pronouns

οὗτοί

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Οὗτοι εἰσίν οἱ ἀποδιορίζοντες ψυχικοί Πνεῦμα μή ἔχοντες)

Here, These refers to the mockers Jude referred to in the previous verse. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: [These who mock]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

οἱ ἀποδιορίζοντες

the_‹ones› dividing

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun divisions with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: [the ones dividing others against each other]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

Πνεῦμα

˓the˒_Spirit

Here, Spirit refers to the Holy Spirit. It does not refer to the spirit of a human or to an evil spirit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: [the Holy Spirit]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

ψυχικοί

soulish

Jude is using one part of the human being, the soul, as opposed to another part, the spirit, to mean “unspiritual.” The word soulish describes someone who lives according to their natural instincts instead of according to God’s word and Spirit. It is used to refer to people who are not true believers. Alternate translation: [unspiritual] or [worldly]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

Πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες

˓the˒_Spirit (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Οὗτοι εἰσίν οἱ ἀποδιορίζοντες ψυχικοί Πνεῦμα μή ἔχοντες)

The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that people can possess. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this metaphor plainly. Alternate translation: [the Spirit is not within them]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YUD (JUD) 1:19

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

Paragraph 17–19

19a

19b

19c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)